This document provides a 3-page summary of Charles Nedham's diary from his time serving in the Bengal Army between 1845-1849. It describes Nedham's impressions of arriving in Madras and Calcutta, including his negative views of the local people. It then details some of Nedham's military activities, including marching during the Sikh War and participating in the siege of Mooltan. The diary provides insights into 19th century British colonial military life in India and Nedham's often racist attitudes towards Indian people.

1. 1
4
Legal and Ethical Scenarios
John Q. Student
South University
BUS3055: Business Law for Commercial Transactions
Professor (or Dr.) First Name Last Name
Date
Legal and Ethical Scenarios
Start your first paragraph here. The introduction should
contain five or six sentences.
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provide an overall outline of the subtopics you will cover in
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that your work is formatted properly. For Weeks 1,2, and 4, the
papers should be between 2 and 4 pages, not including the cover
and reference pages. Select two of the three scenarios. If you
are repeating the class, select one of the scenarios you did not
select the first time. Improve on the other scenario.
Scenario 1: Securities
This paragraph addresses the first of two scenarios you selected.

2. Do not copy the scenario into the paper. The title of each
scenario provides a hint on where you can find information
about the topic. For example, securities are covered in Chapter
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materiality in the index will take you to a specific page in
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Answer the question based on your reading and additional
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more than one paragraph as needed to fully address the
assignment.
Scenario 3: Shareholder Rights
In this paragraph, address the second scenario selected.
The title of the scenario points to Chapter 44 in the textbook
(Twomey et al., 2017). Check the footnotes. For this specific
question, you may find several footnotes that contain names of
cases (Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Indiana Electrical Worker,
2014). Take the names of the cases and conduct a search on the
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Conclusion
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References
Below are examples to help you with formatting your
references. Be sure to delete these examples before submitting
your paper. However, the last two references may be helpful.
Lastname, A. A., & Lastname, B. B. (Year of Publication). Title
of article. Title of Periodical,
Volume(Issue), page numbers. DOI
Lastname, A. A. (Year, Month Date). Title of article. Title of
Publication. URL
Lastname, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital
letter also for subtitle. Publisher
Name.
Twomey, D. P., Jennings, M. M., Greene, S. M. (2017).
Anderson’s business law and the legal
environment, comprehensive volume (23rd ed.). South Western
Cengage Learning.
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Indiana Electrical Workers Pension
Trust Fund IBEW, 2014 WL
368848 (Del. July 23, 2014).

4. History 201 Spring 2021
Essay Assignment - Source 2: Charles Nedham’s Diary
Note: NI refers to Native Infantry
p. 22- August 1, 1845 – arrived in Madras. We were
immediately invaded with a lot of niggers who came in
catamarans selling all sorts of bad fruits… lots of servants made
their appearance jabbering bad language and thrusting into your
hands a set of false characters. These fellows are generally
rogues… the niggers who row make a horrible noise… we were
assailed, on landing by the whole crowd of coachmen, men
from hotels, servants and all sorts of niggers in general.
p. 23 -Sunday August 3 – went to the Fort Church… it was truly
a treat to have the opportunity again of attending church after
having been so long deprived of the privilege.
p. 25 – off to Calcutta
Tuesday, August 25. The boat was rowed by six men who as
usual with natives make more noise than anything else. They
seemed to take pleasure in doing everything as slowly as
possible to torment you/smoking their hubble bubble as coolly
as possible instead of working.
August 27 – arrived in the afternoon there is a neat church.
p. 27 – My establishment of servants is not very large at present
as in barracks you don’t require so many if living in a
bungalow. I have a man that makes himself generally useful/as
bearer and Kitmagar though he acts more in the former capacity.
The boy waits at the table. The former has 8 rupees a month and
the letter 5. Besides these, I have to pay a few rupees for the
sweepers and the water carrier, so 20 rupees is the sum total.
p. 60 - August 16, 1848, Sikh War – marched about ten miles
we arrived too late a great deal it was nearly 8 o’clock when we
came into camp at which hour the heat is very great. Some of
the men have been taken ill 30 admitted into hospital and one
dead. The colonel makes the men march In their red coats which

5. at this season in the year is alone enough to bring on fever. This
evening at 1030 we were all aroused at the sound of distant
cannonading evidently from Multan… we took some prisoners
and killed about twenty. The prisoners stayed there were about
4000 of them. They had come with the intention of surprising us
at camp.
p. 61 - August 19 – the heavy guns with the rest of the force
will be here in a few days.
p. 62 – Wednesday September, 6 – the preparations are being
made for the siege.
p. 63 - September 8 – general Whish has made good use of the
various appointments for the benefit of his own family. He has
not only made his eldest son captain Whish, adjutant, but has
made another son of his a mere boy of 16, sub lieutenant and in
charge of the rocket department. Though he is not really in the
army at all, only a volunteer. Of course it must be highly
disgusting to the officers of his department to have a youngster
like that put over them.
September 9 – colonel Pattoun gave us the order to advance
skirmishing. We did so as well as we could in the dark not
knowing where we were going… such a scene I never wish to
see again, our soldiers were dropping down in all directions and
no advantage gained for it. We knew not where we were and I
believe at times our own people were firing at us… it was a
badly managed and ill planned attack. We knew nothing of the
place and it was extremely foolish to attempt it by night…
colonel Pattoun should have withdrawn at once instead of
sacrificing such a number of men. We had 43 killed and
wounded of which 18 were in my company/1/3 of the whole
company… the sepoys must have lost about 30. They did not
form up at all well I did not see any of them with our men.
p. 64 - September, 12- poor major Montyzamberd… he almost
instantly died he was a most gallant officer and perfect
gentleman. We want more troops badly…
p. 66 - September, 29 – the Mohammedians in Edward’s camp
amused themselves with firing the salute with big guns and

6. small arms to the moon. They do this every month when the
moon first comes visible. It is great nonsense.
p. 67 - October 3 – poor Hollinsworth died this morning… It
will be a heavy blow to his poor wife. October 5 – a great day
with the natives. Their chief amusement being that of firing off
blank cartridges and beating tom toms.
p. 68 - October 22 – we hear that three NI regiments are coming
from Ferozpoor. I wish they could send us some Europeans.
p. 72 - November 7 - ….excessive thirst. Each company is
provided with two Behisties – water carriers who carry water in
a large pigskin – and they go into action with the regiment. The
natives are really valuable servants under fire….
We marched home through Edward’s camp and the niggers there
looked very different from what they did in the morning. They
cheered us and we them shouting Shabbah! Shabbash (well
done!)…the sepoys behaved well particularly the 8th – they
quite fraternize with our men calling each other Brader
(brother).
We had commenced the attack at about 11 and returned to camp
at 2.30. it was a most brilliant and perfectly successful little
action…the effect this action has produced on the Allies is not
the least useful part of the business – it has restored their
confidence and fidelity which had begun to wane.
p. 73 - November 14 – Day of the Mooltan Races. They are
capital things to relive the monotony of camp life. Besides the
horse races…there are race for the men on foot. Tree of our men
carried off prizes. It is a great amusement to them as well as
us…there are also other amusements going on for the men –
Europeans and natives – jumping in sacks, climbing a greased
pole. The sepoys enjoy it amazingly and are very gppd hands at
some things such as climbing and jumping.
Attack of Mooltan
p. 78 - January 1, 1849. Bombardment going on steadily … the
19th regiment Bombay N. I behaved very badly – they would
not follow the British soldiers up the breach but remained
sitting down like niggers do, notwithstanding the exertions of

7. their officers…the city is larger ad there was a good deal of
fighting in the streets…the whole of the city is in our
possession except one gate which leads up to the fort.
p. 80 - January 17 – Moolraj’s reign is drawing to a
close….resistance is hopeless….our men and the sepoys always
get on well together. We have a sentry of each on the different
look outposts. How they manage to converse I don’t know, for
out men have a very limited notion of the Oriental languages.
p. 90 - February 21 – the defeat of the Sikhs was complete, they
have lost everything,
p. 94 - February 28. Marched into Lahore… We looked nearly
as brown as niggers, we are so sunburnt. All the soldiers’ wives
ad children were there to look out for their husbands and fathers
– and loid were the exclamations of delight when “dear Ian” and
“dear Bill” came in sight. To some few indeed caused feelings
of renewed grief for relatives who had fallen victims of the war.
Poor things it must have made them feel lonely indeed to see
others happiness at meeting again.
Short after it was announced that the kingdom of the Punjab was
no more. And that the annexation of that important country to
the British Government had taken place. It was done so secretly
and expeditiously that scarcely any one knew it till it was over.
Some of the durbar are to have pensions – so is young Dhuleep
the younger maharaja – but those who have born arms against
have their possessions confiscated. The crown jewels have
fallen into our hands… the war thus has been brough to a most
complete and satisfactory termination.
The acquisition of such a country as the Punjab if properly
managed cannot fail to be advantageous to the government. It
has great resources and will pay better than any part of India.
Measures are being taken to seize every description of arms that
can be found among the field – the only way effect to prevent
them from using them.

8. I
I
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I
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a
THE CLASSIC FIRS}HAND
ACCOUNT OF ACTIVE SERVICE
IN THE BENGAL ARMY
I
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,
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a
a
a
a
a
a
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Edited by James Lunt
Illustrated by Frank Wilson
EKOM

9. SEPOY
TO
SUBEDAK
rBrrurc
Ti
lat
f'-
Copyright @ this edirion,James Lunt r97o
All righs rcscrvcd. No rcproducrion, copy or rransrrrission of
this o-ublicarion mav bc madc withoutwrirrcn ocrrnissiou.
Noocrrnission.this publicarion may be madc without
paralraph ofthis pdblication may be reproducid, cogied or
.
transutteo savc wltlr wntten Detm[slon or 1Ir accordancc
wltirtransmittcd savc with written permission or in accordancc v
rhc provisiorrs oI drc Cop{ghc Acr r 9;o (as anrcndcd). tu ry
DCTSOn vho dOCS anv UnaUlhOnCd act ltl rclatloll to
thlspcrson who docs any un
bublication mav bc liablpublica_rion nray bc liablc ro crinrinal
prosccurion and civil
ilaims for damigcs.
FintEnglish edirion r ll73
This cdi-rion first publishcd r 97o by Routlcdge & Kegan Paul
Lrd
First publishcd r 98 8 in papcrback by

10. PAPERMAC
a division oIMacrnillan Publishcrs Lirnitcd
4 Littlc Esscx SrrcctLondon WCu l{ 3LF
and Basingstokc'
fusociatcd corrrpanics in Auckland. DclLi. Dublirr. Gabororc.
Hanrburg. Haraic, Horrg Korg. Joharrcsburq, Kuala Lut npur,
Lagos, Mirrzirri, Mclborirrrc. Mixico Ciry. Ne'irobi, Ncw York.
)rngaPorc aDo roKyo
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Sita ll.an
From Scpov to Subedar: bcins thc lifcand
,du"rrruicr'ofsubcdar Sira Riln, a narivc
Offic.'r of rlrc Bcrrgal turrry.
-
[Ncw cd.].
r. Sita Ranr z. SJdi".. -- tudil
-Beuqal
-
Bioqraphy
l. Triic ll. Luir,Jinics
I i i.l'32'o92-l U55.S.+5
ISBN o-jjj-4j672-6
Pr:rrr'clin Hong Kong
I:.

11. Con.tents
I i,,r of Nhps
I)rcf;rcc br TrrrrsJetor
I:.iirorirl Norc
Acknou lcdqcrrt-nts
Irr rroJuction
Forcl ord br Sit.r I{rnr
r fJrc llcqirr inq
: -foitirrLl tlrc Ilcqintcnr
-l 'l irc (irrrkhr War: r g 11_rg r6
4 1.Ic lrirrcl:rri War
i Ilctrrrrr ar rhc Vilhqc
6 Thc i_ovclr.Thakuril
I Tlrc llLri,,vrrk of IlinclLrstal
lJ fhc l4;rrch irto Afqhrnisral: rl3S 1S:9
I
lll
'
'i ix
rri
rrir--
l
I
rS

12. ll
.tl
,j-1
So
List oJ
r India
z The Gurkha 'a
3 Ihe Plndan a::
4 The Afghan a:l:
9 Ghazni and Kabul
ro The Retreat from Kabul: January r84z
rr Escape from Slavery
rz The First Sikh War: 1845-1846
r3 The Sccond Sikh War: r848-t849
14 The Wind of Madness
15 The Pensioner
Glossary
Index
94
r06
rr8

13. r30
t46
156
170
179
r83
'. . . and relute the wonrlers of the woil he had seen'
1 The Beginning
I The:: "
drc next wrs S&edar, ot :.::-
Major, ofwhich there s;t -
The Begiuitg
h this chapt,'r, uhiclt in thc Hilili "Ltsia bc,qar wirh a
'1.n
int,ottlliott to rhc HindtL potls,.Slto Rnrrr t. //-, r,/-/rort Ir htatlt
a sol,li,r,
l.-,pit tfu tyyo:irilr,tl his tttotfur,utl tlr .l,ttttily pticst, PatLLlit
Drrltl Rllt.
" rr,,r-r /r/-r rrtotlicr'-s h't)tltcr, Hajuutttjt, rr'lto find hitn uith
il,,as,.l ltilintl'
':.t),. Hauntnru u',ts a tatirc ofiar (Jcnradrr') irr tht l:osr Itr{ia

14. Cottltatti' ,
BtqqalAntl,, and Sita Ra,r nrirtiLttts rlt 'Joli bcads vort by ltis
tuttl,, itt
rilivtn. 'lltcsc u,trt a tuark ,tl'distittctiot, t1dtit,. r,fil -.cr'r'-r
ri,calirrg ,'rr' rrrr
i qo/r/ lcad-r, d/// /rc sclovs ,1,n,1,111'5 olrt'ltitt lc,r/r. .Sit,r
R,irr llfir t,,
'':, I:nst Lklia Cotttp'ut1, as the Cortrl,rly J3ahaclur, tttattitt.g
tll-potuctlirl.
H. o/-ro lrdrs trr it sonuitttts as thc Sirkar, orgot,rrttatr'til.
Sira Rurrr rr,,r.i a ]|nlnnit. thL ltiphcst HttLdtL ctlstr, ditl ltt
,'ts tlrrL'fotL sdticct to tln' shict(st rcli.:lt.'tt-r o/r-v'r.r,crcr'-r
tt'ltich, as tpilI h stt'tt
ti.t, {ft,t1tl), ettpliatc,l ltit !ilt as a s,,1,!i't . Ilis.fitlt.r ttld! tl
),t.rltalt -lut t)i(l
t totnforta|t tirarnstalcr's u'lto lircl irt rltc t illa,qt ,,l 1il,ttltc, h
tltt
R,t Tldl,li dirrri.t t,l C)tnlh, itt tlnt ts uol' tl,.' Stnt tll Lttt,lt
Pnlcslt (L't').
ftlau,,:,: lits rotrgltly rtiluay ltctrt'tctr tltt citiLs of ItrcLttotu at
.lllaltnhol itt
'i:t ytr),htart o.l Ilit&statt.
-4t tfu tintt o.l Sita Rani s [h tlt, OrJh uas an irdcpu ott
.ngdon uith its cnpit,ll dt Lu.k t)tr, iu it vos.lron Otdh tlnt
thr:l:ast lurlia
tJonpattT,rccnritcd tlrc hrlk,,Jirs soldrLrs.lor thc ISutgtl .1rnty,
td a lt,s-iu
ttunbcrfrtr thc BotnLay Artty. It hatl orioinally L'cctt t Ihr,qlwl
protilrt',
,trlcl by a Nort,ab oppoittrctl by tlt Dnpctor, krt tlrc l4rplurl
nrpirc tuos.li-.t
,iisilttt.!t11titt! h1' t797, ttltn.S/l,r Rorrr rns lorri, and rktto)'s

15. tJ proritrcLs
iu,l :ct tlrcnstlrts up as it cpu utt priurcs. Tlle ltotatirts uti -
ilortniutt-tt t!
Odh lctl trt its attttcxatiott itt t356 by tfu East hulia Corryany,
rcsultig ir
uuch liscontcnt antotg tlrc soldius e istctl.fron Ordh uho lost
turler the
Conpan,thc ualucd yiuik'gcs the1, halJorncrly utjo)'cd h thc ci l
cotrts
vhen Outlh uas indepcndtnt. The annentiot oJOurlh by Lor,!
Dalhotsic tuas
onc of the cottributory couscsJbr thc Itdiat lv[rrtitty h t,t57.
I was born in thc villagc ofTiiowee, in Oudh, ru the ycar
r7g7. My father was a )/eoman farmcr, b1' naDrc Gangadin
Pande. He
posscssed about rJo acres oflatld which hc cultivetcd himscll
My family
sdcn I was young werc in casy circuurstanccs, and luy fathcr
was con-
sidered a man ofimportance in our village. I was about six ycars
old when
I was placed Lrnder the care of our family priest, Duleep Ram,
in whom my
r There were threc grades of native ofiicer. The junior
was]enaddr;
thc next was &iedar, or Rissaldar in thc Cavalry. The senior wrs
Subedar ot Rissdlddp
Major, ofwhich thcre was only one in cach infantry battalioo or
caralry regimcnt.
The Begh ng

16. flfcr and rnothcr,placed irnplicit corrlidcncc, and thcy ucvcr did
arrything
ol rurponancc witlrout his ldvicc and corrsclt.
By him I was raught to write and rcad our own language;
*:::lgll9',*dgc offigurcs.was irnparced to nrc. nn* r frrJ rilJi"a
:l::]^:::'.,*::9,lyrclf
far supcrior in k,ro-.ledg" ro.,ll ttr"
"J,*-AJi, "fny, ag.c whom l kn cw, and IrcId up my head
aciordirgly. Ali;;";;'";.,
:: 3:"0:|:': :.f iT:": t? .9:i t ran ci cd m )'-sc r r.nrilc'i;;:; ,i' il"
vprcccptor Dulccp himscl{, and ifit had nor b".n fn.-r1,"
h,glr;;;;;;; ;; ;1hcld in by my fathcr, I should on solne occasrolr
h avc even dared to tcll
seat bcfore our house, aud rclate ld hc had sccn, and
the prospcrity of.thc great Company Bot nd,,, ;;
"";;';','i.'" .r.*j,r
!;y sy, until I,was sevenreen years of agc I attendcJ "ry-aj,".- i,,
*":.,.'": "..".,,,:".
ycats or agc r attenctcd my fathcr in thc
managemcnt of hls land. and was cntrustcd to giec tlte cont to
thc coolrcshc somctimes enrployed in cutting fri, *"pi j."U"g
on.
My mothcr had a brothcr, by naurc Hanumal, rvho was
il*::':':':"1'1" .?:i:!:"v o",ka", ",,d *", . j";,;;;;;;";'';;;";.rbattalio'.
He had corne ho'me'on lci
xr qrr nrrdulry

17. Li. ^_,,- l.^_^ L_,-- "rvc
tor six ntoxths, and on his way to
his o*'n home, hc staycd with my fr.tr".. rrly uu.il'.r", ;;;r,
il;;J,".
::Tt-? Tq F* *iliary ardour had infamcd rny brcast, and ccrtainly
hedid all in hisolo ar ln tus power,to cncourage me. He ncvcr
said anything about rt
oerore my rather and mothcr, or the priest; sti)l, hc rcpeatedly
told me
man, and o[grcat pcrsonal strcngth, FIe usccl ofan
""",,i,rn
,o'rir'JJrn"
seat Dclorc our house, and tclarc thc worrdcrs ofthc woriJ
L.ihld..,,,,
"..1
eagcr listcncrs, who.rvith- opcrr moutlx and staring
"y",
i..t i,,
"iif,i,rn:uvets as undoubtcd trtrths. Nonc ofhis h"arar, rrl"r"
rnorc artcntivc rlrun
n4'self, aud from thesc rccjtals I i.rbibcd a strong dcsirc to
c;;;;;i;;;;fu,
and try fltc tortunc of a soldier.
, ,Nothirrg.elsc could I thirrk od day or nighr. Thc rank of
goJd bcads, and a crrrior:s brighr rcd coat, covercd witjig.fa

18. bri;;"ra,
aoovc:rJt, lrc appcared to havc an unlimircd supply ofgold
nohtts.z I
longcd for,thc tirne whcn I rrright poscs th" ,.,,,,.,., *tri.ti tt
",
il,ouglrt
woutd be dlrccuy I bccame thc Company Ba/ralrrr.s scrvant.
_, My unclc had observcd how attentivc I was to all his
to tcll
water, and so :: -:: :::::::- --:
. - :..:','. ','. :::, . .,
_ :: , C::-.::::- i., :
- r:: :i-:i rr i:'-::.: -: '
1''. ._ _'
--: :: ::1 :,1 :l:.' ii::::,----.1,-.-,..:
' _::::: :: a Inef: ji:_:::
' i:
'e
n'ice .r-ith C :::..:
:, ...:: :ome itfn rr.:-.r :
--.-. : r: ilm to Pat a::l:.--
- -- --
,L- ^*^i.rrin- -'"^l "_'-_
_ -

19. r-: ::,:r he should take :
. : .:.-: thc first fis ;::-:r
- .ut the service I "'-:i:
T --an ---t""-
:: ::.: priest and ms r::::
. . : uo the idca. I1r- rr-:::
. ,i
:- ru! house, but all l:.:-
'---:::k over thc matter. Tl^-
i::ernined to follo.r' n'-" :
-:'::n to wrestle or f la"
't:
-:her's ficlds, s'hich c::::
:.teat from him that I 'l:
! The E::: l
-.f Oudh by a Resident' rsnr r:
llis durics wcrc suPPoscdll_ ;;' '
:he u.ltimrte senclioo offorcc'
*::fi1_i::5:9 ': as quite caurt to rh"t of ct,",iJi,r nr-.,t"., ir,. rr,,g
.rOudh hinrsclf; in fact, ncvcr hnving secrr the lactcr. I
"",'"r"ifr .r,,rla"t.a, ---.-,'
^'
nlyuncle as of €vcn morc. inportancc. He had such a splendij
nccklacc of
privately that if I wished to be a soldier, he would take me

20. br.k'*iih hr-
on his retunr to-the-regimcnt. How I longed to menrion thi, ,o -
y _oJ.r,but darcd not for I wel] knew her dearest wish was for
me ,o La"ont"
"priest. However, one,day when I had been reading with Dul".;
R;_
about the nughry battJes toughr by the gods, I fairly told him
mv i,i.h ,.,about the mighry battles gods, I fairly told him my
wirh to
2 Gold nohurs wcte
.parr
of th. coinlgc of rhc Mughul EmpiE,
4
)
b.
' i:.i lr)ythiDg
..rDqulgc;
. :.rc.1uircd
:.: - r bovs of
: rcr castes
:lrr lDy
-: l1c wxs
:-,l ro tcll
-i xt tllc

21. : - coolrcs
. - .rncl s,r
,
; t,.r l'as
::: lllltr v
. JY tO
.::.]sorlc
.:,11 thc
,n. and
:'rvcl of
: .rll his
: .: tlltD
'.r'orLI,
:.,nk r>f
-,::tq of
::.:-lL'rcd
,. rcc of
. , ; aUal,
:lrj '? I
: : ,rrght
.rll his
'-.:::i hc
,a!)ut lt
:.-.i lnc
' :::1 lllm
::--Jther,

22. , ,;ome a
. ."-' Ram
'.., ish to
The Bcgilttitg
bccomc a soldicr. How horri{ied hc sccned ! llow hc rcproached
mc,
.lcclarinq that all the itrstruction he had so labourcd to impart to
mc rvas
:;ro$'l'r l$'ay, and that half thc storics nry unclc had told Inc
u'crc falsc;
ihrr I mieht bc floggcd, and ccrtainly should bc dcfilcd by
crrtcrinq tirc
Corr.rpany's servicc. A hundrcd othcr tcrrors hc conjurcd up,
but thcsc hrd
ilr) cflec[ On mc.
Thc priest immcdiatcly u ctrt to nrv parcnts and inlonncd
:;!-ur of n1y dctcrtnination, and thus brokc to thcnl thc subjcct I
ltad not
::rc couragc to tcll. To n1y grcat surPrisc rny fathcr madc no
objccrioDs;
:-rcse alL camc lr,.rur trrt' rnotltcr, lvho scpt, scolclcci,
cntrcatcC, and
:lrrL'xtcDcd rlc, cndinq bv imploring mc to givc trir thc idce,
ancl abuscd
:::. fathcr for Dot prcvcrrring such a catastrophc. Ar this
p:rrticular pcriotl
.: rvhich I l1o''rite a larvsuit rvls intpcndirrg ovcr nrr'hthcr,
lbout his
: ighr to a mango qrovc of sotr-tc ,+oo trccs, arcl hc thouqlrr
thar having a

23. , .n in thc Conrpanl Balralrrr's scrvicc rvoLrld bc thc nrcaus of
gcting his
--.lrc attcrrded to in thc larv courrs ofLucknorv; firr it s,as rv cll
krorvn thlt
., pctitiot scnt b)' a soldicr, through his cornurancling oficcr,
l'ho lbr-
'... rrded it on to rhc Rcsidcnt -.,?lrir, in Lucknot, gcncrullv had
prorrrpt
.,:icntion paid to it, and carricd morc wcight than cvcn thc
bribcs a:rd parry
::rt!'rest of a rnerc subjcct of the King of Oudh.
Shortly aftcr my parents had becn infornrcd of my dcsrrc
:,r take service with Compan,v l)alralar mv uncle lefr thcrn to
procecd to
:ris orvn home fiftv miles away, Although rnv mother ncvcr
eriprcsscd any
* ish for him to pay anothcr visit when he was about to rctum to
his rcgi-
incDt on the cxpiration ofhis lcavc, hc told hcr that hc intcndcd
to do so,
and that hc shor.rld takc me with him if I werc still of thc samc
mind. I
rr';rlkcd thc first lcrv miles with hinr on liis journcy, and made
him tcll mc
all about thc service I wished to cnter, ovcr and ovcr again.
Upon my rcrurn home I had to sustain drc unitccl attacks
of the pricst and my moiher. Thcy tried cvery inducement to
make mc
qivc up thc idca. My mothcr even cursed the day her brothcr had
scc foot
in our house, but all they could get from me was a promisc that
I would
think ovcr tire matter. This i did, and evcry day becamc more
and morc

24. determined to follow my uncle. I now felt idle, and did vcry
littlc clse than
lcarn to wrcstle or play with sword-sticks, and consequcntJv
ncglcctcd my
father's ficlds, rvhich caused me to fall under his displcasurc.
Ho$'eyer a
thrcat from him that I should ncvcr be allowed to scc my tmclc
ag:un had
3 The East lndia Company rvas represcntcd at the court of tbe
KmE
ofOudh by a Resident, who wis a seilior civil or nilitary onicer
ofrhe Companyt serviccl
His duties werc supposedly advisory, but in frct rhc Krng knew
thrt behindihe rdvice hv
thc ultimate sanction offorcc.
'. . . b,rndits aud tltttgs uu, then itfested the roads,
2 Joining the Regiment
I TtL,ilitht oJ th )tu:::
9
a ---
Sirr Rorr dc-srrilcs /r is jountty to At,ra, or AkbaraLal ,ts ir
:: tlrLn talkd, tr'ltrt lis unclc's rc,qinut .forl tt,l lart Ltl'tl rc
g,trrison.
Ht also ttlls ofltis eulistntttt itto thL,-4rn),.

25. 'liotel in htdia Adtt.q thc lr..aL-try a.l'thc )hgltLtl ctityitt
t. J a lnzdrdols lttsirLss. B uls (jfrt rc.lr,,ltbts ro,ttt,,i
tlir,,arttrr1,si,{r atJ
:,iglnny nbluy nns c. t jtlo ]llacc,t I tlro-r, r/a1,-r orrll, t/rr,
rtf.,{ ,|,jll ,rrl1r{ rl
.-.'r r 1,i.i'rrar',1 /r is.r,oor/-, . at,l th n L,nl), wn il a stt,tjQct
tltt11 /rc -r/r,, rr /,/ r,,rrrt,. ,
ilri pttlnl: tlrc .r.trt'nttst ln:a I cutrL,.lr,.ttt llre /lllqs, ol
r.tr,lig/r,r-,. rr,/rr
,ur,ttrtd yattly lJr n'1i{ir,rr-r rrrolilr,-,. au,l yartl1,.f,,r qain. 'l h
tlnr.qs rtartili,!
rr lrorrrlr, p,,-cirrg a-r irrlot:utt ttnr.lk'$. arl jttinLLl ry tith
othcr tt,tulh,t:
:ilttil tlrc not ott ltnl rorrc 1o -rrrilc. '1h1, Ia]i2ysl
1111,1'1.',,/r,r'r lr, 1,t,-rclr,,rrr1.
,,1 tlrc.qo,/,/t-.-r 1r,r/i, rlili rrf.sir',i, phLt lnl ntghnlttlt thi r,Ni
h ratu.f,tr
lttr yrott'tliol. anl rlr
1,r ll,n' stat f, btatt,,l ,t ,,tt, , u,!, ttirh tdlrlt tlt,1,
,rnuryld tltcir ictirns, tt'1:rLl.tttcd th,, lrlrrr li K,r/r's r,,1,r,.
)lu.,Lt l.i,
sruu11t!,tliott trns tltttl;.tL i lit,iu( nLission,l lulr rhc
l,oot;,,,1,r,:r,r,,,/ 11i,.r,.1,,
!,.7i tr. lrr{-i'.,rrr/rl), f.l r,./.
7 /riir.-r,-rr.,r-, r1r. J. ./()-rf, lr?)1 t/r,rt it rr,,ri rrr,rrr1, I,t.,D.-
r
i,r'[tn tltL Briri-,lt snrntlL,l ot rlr fi/ri ,r l,.ur //]l r(q... ,/ /(l iI
n,,.f ,r {f.,r1 ,1,,ri
lL,n.gtr ltl,,n, th crtl it,ts cr,tiiic,ttL,l..Sorr:t. r,/ r/rc l,,rrr,l, ,'/,,
r,rr,,,l rirr,l r r/i,,
pt.tr,.)irt,1t,,.1 ptrt r|.lirl laidotuttits, tltk! tltLn u,tls
irr,rr1,r.,rsi ,r r,,r,y,ir.;c1,,,/
-,ilt'rrrr, r'lir, /r rr,,r-r /r,,rJ 1., /,, r,1r,it, . - I -,ir, ii,r1 ,/,,i.,rr

26. lil,,rrr l,,rJ _,(,i r/1, n) if /;rill
,,ut l/,r/({.(,,i1,1./,,r /rir/./', 1,f irr..r::tr'rrrr irrr,i -, 1.,i,1,1/,J,Srr
Ijrilr,rrrr
-S/r', rr,rrr, ,rl ,,1ii., r r,/ rirl ii,rr1,rl - lil; . rry'r.,,.,. , /, r. r
rril,itr,,rr ,uri/ /rrrr/i.r
1,rr,;r'/;, r,'rtlil,;rr, ,/ t,, rli,, r/, /i,,rr ,,l 7lrrr,3,1r.t,. Oi , i -j.,,,'o
'J /iirqs rr , r,, r.,,rr li.r, ,/
l(/l'i,or lS,it ,rir,/ ;Ji;. arr,/ .,,r i;r, ,,/ r/:rrrr lr,r,rstrr/,r/ :,,1 ,,;
11y,,11. 1r111,1.1-..
.r,lr /'- /: . ..,. ':.r ., . / :
rltcnc,rtl:Lir lil'tLr- l.{lr,/ JL,.{rr,,s,r.,',,,,,/rl ,ir;/li,.r,./ /r,,rl
r/:t rlrrr,lL
olttntuJ, d,l lx1r otr,,,f lri-, rorrrj',rri i,,l-. ri,,r-r -Vr, rrr{1 ,/.
7lr. -it(,r'l'1r'/ri-r.tf-rt r',/,rrrri(1., rr-i,r.i.rlil,,ri.. 1,r,/r,r]r r
i1ir1,
hLty, rt'itlt tltt aln:o:t tl1'rl:iial Dnri:lt, rir!'-r,';r ri, /;li'. 1r
r,,r/r,,,1,..1ii,1',, ,,'/
lh. nlt .:t ])tii.t1fil t,,/,rr i ,l-r/rr|-r l,,,trlr.r rr ,'/fir, r'-,
,r;,1sc1.or s rr t';i /r ijr,l
r'rlv.,l rri l,ir,' 1Jr rrg,rl -lnl) . Ldh i irr /;; r rr;. r;r,,ri s Srr,i
ll,rlr I ,r;rr rirr r/r,.
rlt',rf,'riirrq r'/ t/ri-r lrl,r.r,,r/-i/i+), 1xll rt ij (r/i/i'./,irr i, -
r,:;,rir,rr 1 I r i I ; .. I ' , , / j i r , r. ,,/
tlr fl ns att,l B,,lt 1,r1,,-lrrlirr tlLit ttitical ,.1 tllir ro//r',r1,;1,..
1,, rirr, li,,rr,g,il
-1rrrr1, 1,r1r,,r'rrq r/,,rt tli,) t,,Li! lin t,.',rJr.ii ,;tn,iri,ri r,, rl -.
r.l,;.i,:r., sr.r;ri,i..
,/,1,/Jr,n('l)tifil.irr(r/rr/rtrr lri,g/;-i rrrL .fo. l,r/'.rr iti tittt i,.,i
t,,.r ri,i,ilrir,r
h
,1itt rcnt

27. I Trtlilht,,J l" )ttrirttr lv Pc..ivrl sf(.rr, atr,lrl.rtrlr:,.U!iv.r,irv
ir..$, rrt,.
il_.
,,:==::;*n:rdfllg*.
llnl,
Joiuing the Reginent
My uncle and I went one march in the rnornine. Wc
restcd during the hcat of the day under a tree, and in the eveniig
we
tnarched the samc distance as wc had in rhe morning. For the
iight
we always put up at a.t.rai, whenever this was possible.-On the
third Jay
we arrivcd at a village celled Dcrsungpor wherc two sepoys of
my unclets
regirnent, whose lcavc had finished, ioined us. One was called
Tillukdaree
Ghccr, and thc other Dconarain. They appcared dclighred to
rneer rrrv
uncle and treated him with grcat rcspect. Deonarain was
accompanied bv
his youngcr brothcr, who was hoping to cnlist. They wcrc ali
carrying
srvords, and Tillukdaree also had a blunderbuss, callcd a '1,eurq
11gq.'.
Wc lookcd a rather fornidable partv, and felt securc
^gains
theia,lidlts

28. ,rrd tlruqs who thcn infcstcd thc roads.
Aftcr about three or four days a party of itincrant musi -
ciirs crnrL' Lrp rvith us aud begged that wc should join forccs
for the sakc
of prorccriou. Tlrcv corrsjstcd of fwo lncu with drums, four
mcu with
Jlr./,r,:r two lrrcn with cvrrbels, and onc with a kind of trurnpct.
They rold
us that thc-werc on their way to attend a marriagc fcsrival ai a
rown which
lav ou our way.
For scvcral days cverything went suloothly, and the
rnusicians enlivcncd our march bv playing prctty airs. But
during the nighr
of t)rc fburth day my uncle, happcning to be arvakc, discovered
ihat allihc
rmrsicians had collcctcd toqether and were in some earnest
debate, speak-
ing ir.r a low tonc ofvoicc rnd in x tonquea which he could uot
understand,
Alarrrcd at r,vhat hc sarv, he imrnediately arouscd rhc orher
scpoys and rold
thcm hc bclicvcd that the nusicians were in rcality thugs.'He
thcn ap-
pointcd one of our parn' to watch thcrn while thc rcst of us
again laid
oorvll to slccP,
Thc ncxt tnorning my unclc told thc mtuicians that he
rvas ob)igccl to make long rnarchcs, and that thcrcfore thcy
would be un-
able to kccp up with us. Thcy, horvever, bcggcd to be allowed
to accom-
pany us, ancl at thc samc tinc cxprcsscd great fcar ofbcing

29. robbed on the
road. Ncvcrthclcs nry unclc urarchcd vcry carlv thc next
morning, leaving
thcu behincl. 'rl/c rvcnt sornc cight milcs on thc high road, and
then
branchcd off b,v a sidc path, intcnding to join thc road again
some thirtr.
milcs larthcr ol.
Thc ncxr four davs passcd rvidrout incidcnt. At the evcn-
ine's hrlting-placc on the fourth dav rvc n'crejoincd bv a parry
ofabout
i A rcsriDe phcc lor rravcucrs !hcrc strbling w.' ,'.,,"tt p-"]::*:i:
3 A rihr is r kiDd of violin rvhich hrs rccentry b*."* *ii3,.i,:I
rl,,dia is, of.ourse. r land ofmrny languages, rnd of evcn.more
Joinitg the Re.;:",,
:..'.'lvc mcn, carrying bundi..
:rpe-stems. Thcse mcn begg.'.i ::
:r: musicians had done. In tl:: ::-
: )c of these men was rcmark , t-
::.rned this to my uncle lvho " ::
.)rrt their language was diiler.':::
'.'re vcly dirty, and the'lo,r.i -
,:r.1 appointed one ofthc -.,t,. . :
: rhcse people.
During the ni::::
,L'p for a loug time, as I bcii.. - :
-.ite of my endeavours to i, ,-i
::.rrdy aftcrrvards awakcnca. :' :
:r, ancl in a lDomcnt onc o: :'
. -'rpcrs. I siroLrtcd Ioucllr', an':- ::-'

30. .:rJ mshcd at thcm. Althouc.r :.:
:r.l lranagcd to stranglc thc :':
.:rd rcndcrcd Tillukdarec s.':r'-.,
-.rt down thc thug standin: .
.:ch, leaving thcir bturdlc' r: .:.
.).lcc, thc tllugs hrd manag:,:- : .
:.ipccs,6 and Tillukdalcc's bl.r:r,:
, r;.poscd to be on watch.
After all thr' l:: :
:nd roused the cntirc popLrhi: ':
:ron to pursuc the blood-thir': :
:right on the outskirts ofthc r:..-
.i Dconaraitr's brothcr. Iu tli:' ::-
10
G
|.
H:r
:i
F
;"
htt.
b
llffi
b-
b'

31. >iq
hrr:
Fnt
l!
nr
:r '-
lrir'
fia
t'
ln
Joining the Reginent
:'.1'.lvc nren, carrying bundles of bamboos which arc uscd for
making
:r!e-stems. These men begged to be allowed to join us for
protection, as
::i musicians had done. In the morning, whcn it was light, I
fancicd that
:re of these men was remarkablv like one ofthe forner party, and
men-
:::rned this to my uncle who went to them and entered into
conversation.
5ut their language r.as different from that ofthe musicians, thcir
clothcs
...':re vcry dirty, and they looked like coolies. Still he was on
his guard,
-::r-J.appointed one of the sepoys to keep awake and watch thc
movcments
r: tlrcse DcoDte.
During the night. after we had halted, I could not go to
..:.'p for a long time, as I believcd these men rvere also thugs.
However, rn

32. .:ire of my endeavours to keep awake, I fell asleep eventually,
but was
,rortly aftcrwards awakened by a noise like a cock crowing
close by.' I sat
-:-', and in a monlent one or two of thesc mcn wcrc by thc sidc
of the
..:.'pers. I shoutcd loudly, and rny unclejumpcd up with his
srvord drawn,
:-:rJ rushcd at them. Although this was thc rvork of a moment,
thc fiends
:-rd lnanagcd to strangle the brother of Deonarain with a silk
cord, and
;r;rd rendcrcd Tiliukdaree senseless. He was just saved by my
uncle who
rilt down thc thug standing ovcr him. The others disappeared
imrnedi-
:rely, leaving their bundles of sticks behind them. However, in
this short
:.nacc, the thugs had managed to steal rny r.ncle's gold beads,
worth 2Jo
rupecs,o and Tillukdarce's blunderbuss. He had fallen asleep w -
hen he rvas
supposcd to bc on watclr.
After all this had happened, we went to the village uearbv
rnd roused the entire population, but no-one showed the
slightcsr inclina-
rion to pursue the blood-thirsty rnurders. We passed thc
rcmainder ofthe
light on the outskirts ofthe village, having carricd r.r'ith us the
dead body
ofDconarain's brother. In the morning we found the bamboos
still at our
sThe tactics adopted by thc thugs flore properly tla3s, merning
jcccivert seldom v?ried. They bcgan by winning thc con{idcnce

33. of those to rvhorn thcv
iad attrched thcmsclvcs, and would ifnccessiry travel mrny
uriles:rnd for scvcral dr)s until
:ny suspicion of thcir rcrl intentions had been dnpclcd. Tbcn,
rvhcl dre ]cadcr of the
bsndjudgcd thit the moment hrd comc to strikc, thcy would
prcprre thcir victims' gnvcs,
ud cach selcct a victim to stranglc. Thc signrl to strike *'as
usurlly thc cry'Bri'g rhc
tobacco!', but this was somctimes vrricd by the sound of :r cock
crowing. The :rcturl
*r;rnglirrg rvrs thc rvork of :r moment, thc hamdkcrchicf, or
silkcn cord, h:rvlng r knot at
one cnd to assist thc str:rnglerJ grip. Oncc thc dccd rvrs clonc,
dre bodies rverc scarcitcd and
rhclr buricd, the booty shrred, and the drrrgs rnovcd on nr
search of othcr victins. At the
end of the expcdition, which mighr last severrl rnc'ntlx, dte
brnd dispcrscd to thcir or'n
homcs, rnd rcturncd to thcir pcrcctul rvocrtions, until thcy wcrc
sumnroned by thcrr
le;rder to assemblc lor:rnothcr forry. Fcw thugs dxrwcd auy
rcrnorsc for the murdcrs they
had comnrincd, bclieving thcy wcrc scrvins a rc)igiorrs cnd, and
manv of thcnt rvcre
rcspcctcd mcmbcrs ofsociety. The r:rmifimtions of Thuggcc ran
drcP ind nrinv a trnd-
owner, or m;nor njrh, was in receipt of'hush-rlorcy' lrom thc
grngs.
6 The rupee rt this time was worth about two drillings.
11
- -:: :i itinerant musi-
: r;ccs for the sake

34. : - :::. tour men with
-'rj:npct. t hey told
- . :. ar a town which
- :::::rrhly, and the
- :: Juring the night
. '. :rcd that all thc
.: ..: Jebate, speak-
_ :::ot understand.
- :: ,.7,'1-r and told
' .:_-s. He thcn ap-
' : us again laid
..:,:cians that he
, - : .r-ould be un-
- .,. .'d to accom-
: :-.bbed on the
-
.
.:ling, leaving
:.ld, and then
: j::i some thirtv
. ::. t the evcn-
: :.:rn.ofabout
..: Frovided for
animeh.
: : rpularized by

35. The Beades.
_ a even more
dialects.
Joining the Reginent
formcr camping place, and my uncle sold them to a tobacco
nrerchant for
46 rupecs, but not rvithout an altercatiorr with thc villaee
headman who
claimcd that they bclonged to him, by right of their having been
lefr on
his qround. Wc stayed a complete day ar the villagc in ordcr to
pcrform
thc funcral ritcs for Dconarain's unforturratc brother.
Fornrnatelv for
Deonarain's comfort rvc wcre only .r few rnilcs from thc holv
Gaugcs, and
hc hrd thc satistiction ofsecing thc pricst cast his brothcr's ashcs
into thc
stream, thus sccuring his brothcr rcst in onr Hindu hcavcrr.
Tillukdarec
'was so rvcak ftom thc cffcct ofthc thug's corcl round his tlrroat
that he $'as
obliqed to hire a pony cart, and $ c procecdcd, norv a mournful
party, on
our vaY.
My unclc norv allowcd no partics ofanv kiud to join us,
althouq]r scvcral bcegcd hard to clo so since thev salv ruc rvcrc
arrncd.
Nothinq ofany consequencc took placc during thc rcst
oftlrcjourncv so

36. far as I can rcmcmbcr, Lrnril l'c lrrived at Agra, .['hcrc rnt
unclc's rcgi-
nc.rt '.s thcn stationecl.r We rrrivcd thcrc on rl Novcmbcr. and
rvhcn
r.rc canlc Dcar thc lincs l'c mct scvcrll scpolr ofthc rcgirncnt
going dorvn
to thcJumna to bxthc. Thcy aJl crnbraccd rrry rmclc, ancl,
bcfbrc rvc camc
to tirc liucs, sonlc thirty mcn of his Company carrre running out
to lncct
him:rnJ askccl a thousarld qucstions. My unclc went to his ou:n
hoLuc,
rvhiclr hrd bccn kcpt ncat and clcal bv a havildar v'ho had livcd
in it dur-
lllg lllv llllclc s llDscncc.
Aftcr brrdtinq, lnd cating thc rnorninq urcai. tnv uncle
pnt on full rcqiurcntrls rucl s'c'nt to pay his rcspccts to thc Ad-
iurant sairil,"
aud Comnrrrdinq Ofilccr. LIc took me l'ith him. I rvls rrthcr
drca.Lng
this bccausc I h:rd rrcvcr r-ct sccn a salrll ald inlagincd thc'
',,'rc tcrriblc ro
look on and ofgrcat strrnrc-at tcrst scvcn ttc"'r trll I hr rlrosc
d.l.s thcrc
rverc oul; a f-cu'-.a/ri!,-, in OuJh; onl;'onc or rrvo.r,lril
Rcsic{cnts in
Lucknorv, lhcrc I had nclcr bccn.,' [n thc villagcs ofrnv countrv
r]rc rnost
cxtraorrlinrrl idcas cxistccl ab,rut rhcur, antl anv onc rvho lrrd
clrarrccLl to
sce a ,,,lrib told drc most curious storic's. In firct nothinq 'as
too frr-
I Agrr, stich strnds on the binks of rhc River Junr|x, .bout (lrrec
houn'drirc tiorr Dclhi, t.rs thc crpirrl oil,rdir during drc rcign

37. oithc grcrr Akbi., and
n of courc tirncJ for thc cxquisirc Trj iurlul. bu;lt by Akbrr s
son, thc linrpefur Shrh
J(hrrr. lt hrd l cconc rr inrporrr t l3ritish nilir.rry g,rrri$rr br
rllc rinrc Sitr Rrn) :rrrived
drcrc ir Isr.l.
3Thc.ddiri.n of thc rvoril J. i/, n, r titlc, rrnk, or nrnt, significs
rL'spcct, but durirq ilfitjb mlc nr Irrdia i! ciruc to rcfrcsont thc
Bfitish, or.qora /t'3, i.e. thc
'hitc l.cof lc, (rr lxrr{'pc,rns.
.Thc Eist lDdia Corlp.uryi Jtcsidcnt ac thc court of drc King of
Oudh hrd a nunrcrous strfl', is rrcll as a s bsriDti:l escott
oftroops, commandcd by British
otliccrs. lt Nould be to thcsc r,r/rirJ that Sita Rim is rcferring,
rkhough he hrd nevcr sccn
thcnr hinrselt
Joittittg tk R. ;
:.::lrcd to bc bclicved lt rr'.:' ,
:::1r on a trcc, alrd this idc: ,: -
:rc suddcnl)' into soln. r:
:::c. ltavc bcctr consider- -: :
. . , bccn s orshiPl,cd: L'r:: '.:
..,g.' lrould have lutr ,rt.'. :
,:.1i. lt is thcrcfbre h:rrd,'' '::
,: :.re prospcct ofsccitrg a -':
I rcnrclnir':
'.1.-rrl in Agre, atl ol,.l "' ::--:
-.:::. ii'orl1 cgcs which crr.-

38. '..1rvith a f:rirv bv his 'r'1. -
: .r bcautiful colours, h.: a-''
. -:' his hand on ltc! sli!'': -:::
' . .'lJ rvomatr had scctt '."::
, . :rot so iqDor:lnt llo', a': -
.::i',-cd at Agra l aftcrr"'..::
.: . Shc I'orc a tiPPct rlli.i- ::
..-l trtistaken this for l-llg''Wcwcntt':
: :.' sizc of thc l.rcadman's ir :'
'.'.:!h a loug stick, measurirl: '
tunq, not as tall as mvscL:. :::.
'...' quite ,n.tooth
"nd
look:.i :
:.:e first sa,iir I had ever scL-i: .:
.-.rt believe he could be n'Iii.:-.
:Icc among us it is consii::.
i:nooth-faced soldicr is us.r.r'.
:.,nqed those young rccrulr' :
loived hc had no fear, atrd t : -
irll them.
Aftcr he h;'l :
:..ok noticc of my uncle, a::-'-
.,nglraqe. He seelllcd glrd r'
ittiword," Flt- thcrr rskc,i ' r
comc to culist rnd wxs lll1 i-.::-

39. drc Doctor sali6, to wholll l.
10:Irrrralll. :!: :
thc wife ofa EuroPcan. I au1 n'r ' '
Iudian lady of rrnk.
1r Sita Ranl s ::r
Adjutflrt the hilt of his sword to i -
until t94o, or later'
1]
rflrF
t3
: :tiiacco rnerchaltt for
-.:l,aqe hcadrnan who
:: ::lving bcen left on
-:. r: ordcr to pcrform
: - ::.'r- Fortunately for
: : :,.holv (ianges, and
: :::.-r's ashes into the
r'an. I ltLukdarcc
: .:. :roat that he was
: :::.rltrrrfr party, olr
: : . iind tojoit us,
., ,' l.crc armcd.

40. . : rhc joLrrncv so
: :,'rl rrnclc's rcqi-
:r!cr, and whcn
' ::t:i1t-qoing dol-n
:. i-..rorc 1vc cilme
_ ::t:::j out to lilect
' _rs orvn housc,
::: lir.c.l in ir dur-
-' :::.,.r1. rny unclc
' : i -lirlrant .r,?/,i1,, s
:.:Crcl drcaclinq
'... -.r.- tcrriblc to
:: ,ir'dxy5 11,"r"
Rcsidcnts in
::tir!' tltc most
:.:J ch.rncecl tcr
- .,r'ls too far-
:: :r i. alr()Lrr tnlcc
r -..,r -kbar, $rd
: r:r;.crLr Shrh
. , 1{rn) irrivcd
: :,rnrc, signiiics
: . rn /,t(, i.c_ tbc
-: r rhc K;Dg of
::.1.d by Britnh

41. .. trd ncver scen
Joining the Regiment
:,:ched to be bclieved. lt was said that thcy rvere born from an
egg which
::.1'on a trcc, and this idca still exists irr rclnotc villagcs. Had
a mcnsahibro
- ,:irc suddcnlv into somc ofour viilages, shc would, if young
and hand-
:l(', havc bccn considcrcd to be some kind offairy, and rvould
probably
r.:r c becn l orshi1'pcd; but shouicl shc have becn old arrd ugll -,
thc whole
. :.i.rqc would havc rtur arvav to hide in drc junqJc, bclicving
hcr to be a
:r.h. It is thcrcfbrc hardly surprising that I should iravc bcen so
tcrrificd
.: r.)c procpc( t o1-rc.rrrg.r rolrl, for tlrc first trrtrc ir nry Lrfc.
I rcnrcn-rbcr oncc, whc11 I rvls attcndinq a fair at thc Taj
Ll.rhal irr Agra, aD old lvoman said shc had ahveys bclicvccl
that saiils
--.,nrc lrorn cqgs which grcw ol a trec; but drat rnorning shc
had secn a
::rrl, rvith a f.riry bv his sidc. The lair,v was covercd rvith
fcrdrers ofthe
:rost bcautiflrl colours, hcr fecc rvas as rvhite as rlilk. and
thc.solrl had to
,r-cp his hand on hcr shouldcrs to lrcvent hcr from ll,ving a*'ay.
A1l this
::c old l'ornan had secn lvith ircr owll cvcs, and shc srvotc it

42. was true. I
::11 not so iqnorant now, ofcoursc, but I rvould hevc bclicvcd it
when first
. rrrivLi -rf Agra. I rficrq.rrds oftcn saw that -.,r/ril driving oLrt
with lus
,.lr. Sirc qorc a lpPct nudc frortt ttc:rcock fcathcrs, aud tire old
rvoman
::.ril nristaken this ior rvings.
'We rvcnt ro the Adjtltant's housc, rvhich was lour tiulcs
rhe size of drc hcadman's housc in tlv viilagc. He v':rs on thc
verandah,
rvith a long stick, measuring )'oung rrren who wcle rccrtlits. Hc
was vcry
-oung, not as tall as mysell and had no rvhiskcrs nor noustachc.
His face
rvas quite sr-nooth and looked morc likc a l.;onlarl's than a
ureu's. This rvas
dre {irst sali6 I had ever sec1r, and he did not fill lnc $'ith
rrruch arve. I did
not believe he could be much of a rvarrior with a face as smoorh
as thar
sincc arnong us it is considered a disgracc to be clcau-shavcn;
in fact a
srrooth-faccd soldier is usually tl.re butt for rnauy jokcs.
Ilowever he
banged those young recruits'heads aqainst thc s'all in a rnatrncr
which
shorved he had no fear, and they looked as ifthcy thouq ht he
r.vas about to
kill thern.
After he had frnishcd with thc n.reasuritrg, thc Adjutant
took noticc of ny unclc, and to my surprisc spokc to hiur in my
own

43. languagc. Hc sccmcd glad to scc hirn, askccl aftcr his rvclfarc,
and touchcd
his srvord." FIe thcn askcd u'iro I was, and on bciuq infomrcd
that I had
come to cnlist and lr,as lny uuclc's trc1,hcw, hc tokl my unclc
to take me to
the Doctor srrlil, to rvhom hc rvrotc a lcttcr. I was astollishcd at
thc speed
ro llrnrdirir, the felnale equivalent of sali&, was usually takcn
to mean
thc wife of a Europsrn. I anr not rwlrc thrt it was rnuch uscd by
Indians to sigdfy an
lndi:rn ladv of rank.
1l Sitr Ranis urrcle, rs a nnrk of respect, rvould have handcd the
Adjuta!! the hilt of his s$'ord to touch. This custonr rvas
follorvcd in rhe Indian Cavalry
utrtil r94o, or latcr.
13
Joining the Regiment
of his writing: in lcss time than I could have put water ro thc
ink and
written one linc, he had frllcd a page, which hc thcn doublcd up
and gavc
to my uncle, and wc went to thc Doctor salrib's housc.
This rvas cvcn biggcr than thc Adjutant's. My uncle told
me tbat the Doctor wrs marricd ancl had scvcral childrcn. Hc
was at homc
and we rvcrc ordcrcd into his prcsencc. A chair was providcd

44. for my unclc,
but no noticc was takcn ofmc so I squattcd on the ground. M1'
uncle made
mc stand up, ancl told me aftcrwards that it was bad manncrs to
sir down rn
the prcscncc ofa -ra/ril. Aftcr rcading thc note, tllc Doctor
ordcrcd mc to
strip, but I was so ashamcd I could not movc, for thcre was a
rlc,lrsalib in
thc room. Shc rvas sitring at a tablc covcrcd with a sl.rcct, and
fccding two
childrcn with cggs-thosc uncJcau things !'" I bcgan to rcgrct
having fol-
lowed my uuclc, and rcurcnrbcred thc pricst's warning about
bcirrg dclilcd.
Howcvcr I rvas ordcrcd sharplv to rakc offrrrv clothcs, and both
the chil-
drcn bcqan calling out 'Pxpa says vou arc to takc your c)othcs
oF! Don't
vou unclcrstand? Donkcr', piq, osl!'-and thc Doctor joirrcd irr,
saving I
uas a fool and al igrorant villaecr. Thcr) tbc childrcn cried out-
'Oh,
tnamrna, is hc covcrccl rvith hair?' I rvas so ashamcd that I ran
out onto thc
vcrandab, but nrv unclc carnc out and told mc not to bc afraid.
No harm
u,ould bc clonc !o urc. Tlrc Doctor thcn pushed nrc into an
clnDtv roour
rnd cxanrirrccl mc, bv thrustinq his Jrrnd aqrinst rul,stourach,
,rLriclin""r)y
Dradc ruc vomit. TJrcrr hc ol,cncd rDv cvclids with such
violcncc that tears
camc irrto mv cvcs, enci hc thurnpcd mv chcst. Aftcr this hc
pronounccd
rDc fit and ccascd tonlrcDtiDq mc-to ruv grcat rclief

45. Mv urclc ncxt 'cnt to pa)'his rcspccts to thc Coloncl
-cairib. Wc wcrc kcpt oLrtsidc for ar hour, and thcn ordercd to
approach. I
was now ill such a statc of tcrror, r'rot knowing what horror
nright ncxt
bcfall nrc, that my lcgs knockcd togcthcr. I imagined that the
Coloncl
srlril must bc tcrriblc to gazc upon-he courmandcd onc thousand
men-
his u'ish was law !Judgc my surprisc whcn I saw an old man,
very short
and stout, withoLrt a hair on his hcad or face, and w ith a skin
ofa bright red
colour. He was smoking a nragnificcnt hookah.," He got up to
welcomc
nry unclc, and aftcr I u'as introduccd spokc very kindl,v to mc,
tclling rnc
to bc a good boy and irnitatc ruy unclc in cvclything.
I havc said this rvas thc first tirnc irr rnl lifc I had cvcr secu
'r Sita ltam, as r tsrahrnn), would have bccn a srrict vcgctarian,
for
whoru cvcn cggs $ould bc tibu.
rr Thc smokiDg of hookahs, or hubblc-bubblcs, or rvrtcr-pipcs,
u:rs
part of Brirish s(,ci.l life tu hrdia until :rbout drc micldlc of drc
njnctcc,uh ccnlury u,hcn
for sonc rcrson it dicd out. Therc r';crc evcn somc rvorncu rvho
snrokcd /rootalrs,:rnd thc
sprcious Anglcnrdia,r houschoid of thosc days uslally nrchdcd a
scrvrnt whosc solc task
was iooking aftcr thc sali6's looAalrs:ud providirrg the tohcco.
These scrvrnts wcrc

46. known as }oolalbalaru.
JotntfiS tt '
3
.:-. safiibs, I had nos'secn r:
:: rhem. I could not belict: :
----:' were all smaller thl:l ::
-.. iat a number of curio.:s
::gine what theY did $ ii: :
: :eble full ofglass cuPs o: .:-
-,r:!h seven or eight gun! ;:
-!igers,
stags, anteloPe. .1::
: rl !, buttoned uP to ttlc t:: :
: rvhat I then thought rt:s ,
: rns, and long black bo.'::
'.',.as not struck with his .i::
:'..s $/hich I shall ner'.'r :r
::.rrcd to look throuqL ;---
: rid me that the Colonr. ''
:rany as nine tigers.
In a Grv i:''
.:irvays rcmembcr, for is ::
rlrade-ground was cove'r- :
:r]ost extraordinarv mov3::
.ansuaec of which I did n;
.rulh, ind stood astonisl--::
ear-by the drill hauildar ls::
rrtcnd drill for many mon:--
romething and was so sc!ei

47. I fell down senseless. I con
tlte drlll haviLlat. Althous:
day on he bullied me in e''
opPorffnirY-fuIhadgor'
treatment very much ano i:
drill layillar told the Adju:
lever make a soldier.
I told m1 :
I repented ofever havine c
day the Colonel salrib came
drill to his satisfaction. He '
my drill, and the Adjutan:
I so longed to wear a red c
rr Sita Ram:
15 It is orJ!
Hindi wot& of coo[rard in P::
t4 t5
-
b
:
L
h

48. l
)
I
:.
I
-
.::.r ro thc ink and
: :5lcd up arrd gavc
': ::
'. My uncle told:: ::. FIc rvas at homc
.
. :-:-'J fbr my unclc,
:. h' uncic made
: .,.r. to sit down in
: : (rrdcrcd nrc to
- -::,.s a nunsahib itt
: :nJ fi'ccling two
' :: j.cr havinq lbl-
: ::: bcirrg dcfricd.
: : l'oth thc chil-
-' ::rcs offl Don'r
- :r'..1 in, saving I
:t.-'J out-'Oh,
' ..:r our onto thc

49. :::.riJ. No harrn
::: r rnptv rOOII
.. ,r hich ncarlv
, it.c that tears
'-:.ionounccd
' |lC LOIODCI
. : :-.rrrProach. I
-: : niight ncxt
' : lltc Coloncl
': -:..tnd lncn-
: :_ :::. tcry short
: r bright red
- , :.. rtclcomc
'r: -. rclling rnc
-:.ricvcrsccrt
' ' r:setrrirn, for
' _:'!lirfcs' $ ils
.:riurt u,hcn
:,:.Jrr, rnd thc
.:: ,,c sole trsk
,rr'.rDts wcrc
Joining the Regiment
---. .,'alibs. I had now seen three, and how differcut thcy werc
to my icleas
:: :.!em. I could not believe they were so brave as they werc
rePutcd to be;

50. ----.', lere all smaller than my uncle and did not look half as
strong. And
=..:ar a number of curious things they had in thcir houses. I
could not
:::Ejnc what they did with them. In one corncr ofthc Coloncl's
rooIrr lvas
, ,.r!1" full ofgl".t
"ups
ofall sorts and sizes, and in anothcr colncr a sland
=.'::r seven or;ight guns. The walls l'erc hung with thc hcads of
alimels
-:,q.rs,
staqs,
"ntelope,
and other dce!. The saitib was wearing a tight bluc
, ,,,i bu,,onid up ,o ihe throat with big brass buttons, and with
two lurnps
: u'hat I thcn thought was gold on his shoulders.ta He wore
white panta-
: rns, and long black boots with golden tassels on cither sidc.
Although I
'...:s Dot stluck with his size or strength, still thcrc was
somcthing in hrs
:. rx which I shall never forget; thcy wcrc likc the cyes of a
hawk and
r:..'nlcd to look through and through one. Afrcr wc had lcft. my
unclc
::t,l me that the Cololncl was a re;owncd sportsman who lrad

51. killed as
::ranv as nine tigers.
ln a few days I was scnt to begin my drill. It is a day I shall
-:irvays remcmbcr, for is it not imprcssed for ever on ny mind?
The
.a."ie-ground w"s covered by partics ofsix or eight mcn,
pcrforming thc
,r.rost eitraordinary movements I had evcr seen, and thcsc to
orders in a
.anquase of which I did not understand a single word.'" I felt
inclincd to
,.uih, ind rtood astonished at the sight. However a violcnt
wrcnch ofrrv
car-by thc drill hauildar lsergeantl soon brought mc to my
senses. I had to
rttend drill for many months, and one day I happencd to forgct
how to do
lomethinq and was so scverely cu6ed on the hcad by the dtill
hauildar that
I fell doin senseless. I complained to my uncle who was very
angry with
the drtll hauildar- Although he never darcd to strikc mc again,
from that
dav on he bullied me in every other way and used to abuse me at
cvery
opportunity. As I had gone to great Pains to learn my.duties, I
rcsentcd-this
,ra"t-.n, u"ry -uch and had almost made up my mind to rul away
The

52. drlll hauil,lar iold the Adjutant that I was obstinate and stupid,
and would
never make a soldier.
I told my uncle ofthe treatment I was rcceiving, and said
I repented ofever having come with him. But he encouraged mc,
and one
clav the Colonel sahi6 caire to inspect the recruits and I
managed to do my
drill to his satisfaction. He ordered the Adjutant to tcst me in
the whole of
mv drill. and the Adiutant told the Colonel that I was fit to join
the ranks'
I so loneed to *.",
-"
,.d coat, and to have a musket ofrny own' Besides
r' Si!. Ram is herc referring to the gold-l'ce ePaulcttes ofa field
of6ccr'
16 It is onlv within thc last threc years that the Indit Army hat
adoPtcd
Hindi sotd! ofcommand in Placc ofEi:glisb.
t5
Joixing the Reginent
:,ll.i, t ltid only been eight months a1 my dnll, and our of a

53. party ofsevcnty-eight recruits, mariy of wh
ontv on. ri.",Jio.1iii'..,.;'il it
had enlisted before me' I was the
#;:1.""i'i;;;#;il"1T;iiL.-"'iiil".lT:":"';i::fr :t:l
'My unde next weflt to paf his respects to the Colonel salib,
t6
The Gurkha War:
t8t4-t8t6
.Sii; i:
'
,:-ft'ccrs, at'i | ,
' ',tsltip trhich t:.:, ' I
:l-rr3,l1 Nrtil'c rl.':
;r oq'a/rr-v c C:, '
'fi;t'.
,
' )rld l(d,ll -(c,: . .
.,,:J onclw{cd ri;.:: S ::
, th rleliberate inr.' :.
'-. apartjon Sttt |:
.lxs bY thdr ltitl': .
' '. tutdultclll st'i,'.: '

54. : i:.7, it ltartiul'tr. ::
; ...1,a1 1/14 5qp6r'1 :. :
, :,.ldicrJront thc )l
' : :: 'Dic Hards' .' ) l
:,-,ir ,'ft-rrrs rll,, i:.,.'
. 'i:r,tlutd to idettti.i
: ,,rtiue by their pcy, ,'
. ,: -|-fghan Wat (.t ! ' :
: i,rlll, JI/ggeJ/-r, ,,f j
,l , tt,cr, thc uost li' .
' ' .,iar lcst hkJratk ,.'
,iipany and cndang" ,
,:: c cntered wilh hitt: :
-.:'l's initial reluctai:.' '
lI'' ::
' . :it1tcr1t wqs tlrc 21tl 1..
'
'riy sepoy regittrcrrt -': ::, :
.':listed, ard noreot:' '.
:rhib.'Estuart' is a c: ",
:):crc was d Major Bc :- t'
.7hhou.gh he was oni; ::,.
o. rJ4,June r960.
':Fr,.:: :i

55. '-neir dying commandi.: ::
irrd, JTth! Die hardl'
! Thi ::
I! coruisled of two battr.::1
R. Henry who was aPPc;:::
i. In the rcorganrzlnoc .:
bccarxe 52nd BNI. lt mu::i-:.
'At
-ltrct I ./omd it rcr1t l1qrrr"o61, wcuirtg tlte red coat,
19
IVar:
Sita Ra'.|. tlevotes part oJ this dry ter to a description Ltf his
' ,11 pfuccrs, atd thci rclotiotts u,ir/r t/rc sc1'oys, aud hc also
tLxrchL's Ln tht
': t:lip which cxisted bchueu ccrfah British rcgittrcttts hc kucw
anrl
::;:tgal Natirc rcginuis, He the goes ou ttt ttll o.f lis ctpcrienccs
itt
', r against tlrc Gtrkhas which began in tStl and lastcd ncarll'
nuo
Tlrcre is cousirlcrable obscurity regardirg tlrc regitncnts irt
.:ii Sita Ratr senrcd. Lonl Sidtuouth tlc v o tc d -forty-fivc
ycars' swiy to
: tnl rortlulctl that Sita Rau vas cithcr contiwally charyitg his
urrit, ot
'ryh rleliberate irtent, or loss Lrf uunory, enbroidcrctl his
stor1,,1

56. 1:,lre.apai jon Sita Rauis lnziuess ot,cr ilates, hc rrct'er
nruttions any oJ his
' ::ncuts by their ttinbcrs. This is uot altogcther wrptisilg sitcc
rhe Butgal
.:' tity rutdcnucnt sclcral reorganizatiorts itt tlrc cotrsc LtJ'his
scrvirc, anl
tiz4, h partiarlar, the unrltcring olregirictts uios courylctcly
chatgcd.
' 1.,r'corer t/rc scpoys r rsrclIy ygfaypl 1p thcir rcgintuts by
thcir poytlar tourcs,
: a solrliat Jron thc Midrllescx Rcgitttcttt ttight hnuc rcJcrrcrl to
his utit
.:: tlr'Dic Hards'.. Most sepoy rcgiurcnts were ktrctwt by thc
une s of thc
i"itish oficcrs u,ho ltad originall), raiscl thcu, ht Sita Ram locs
lot usc et'e,,
'::is nethorl to irlentiJy his rcghrcnx, although hc does refer
later it his
:rrarive by their popular natucs to thrce rcgiments which took
part in the
First Afghu War (t 6 j6-42)- His urctnory nay haue been failing
hin, as Lorrl
>rdmurth srggests, or hc nay havefclt this was a notter oJno
cotcenr.
Hatrarcr, the fitost liktly explarutiott is that he uas anxious to
cover his traces
.{,tr fear lest hisJrank contne ts shauld incrr the displeasure oJ
the all-powerful
Conpany and cxtlanger his precious pension- His tra slato
Norgate, ny
haua ctrtered with hin iito this cotlspiracy oJ siletce ix ortler to
overcolte Sita
Rani s itritial reluqance ro vritc his ncmoirs.

57. I c cnn be fairly certain, howercr, that Sito Rdt i sfrst
rcginle uas the md Battaliot oJ'the z6th Bengal Natiue
Infantry.3 lt was the
orly sepoy reginent stetioned at Aga at the tine whex Sita Ra,:r.
says he
enlisted, ard tnoreovet he tells us that his j.rst comtrandixg
offcer was'Estuart'
sahib.'Esnort' is a couurox rendering of Stewart ix the
vernacular, and
there was a Mnjor Benjamin Steuart seruing tuith the 2f 26th
BNI ot Agra.
Although he was only the thid wajor h order of seniority, the
othet two
I
Journal oJ the Suietf Jot Aft y Histatieal Reseatch, Vol.
XXXVlll,
No. rj4,Juoe 1960.
, From the celebrated incidcnt ar the barde of Albuhere, r8rr,
v,,hcn
thei! dying commanding ofiicer, Lieutenant-Colonel Ing)is,
cheered them on, with 'Die
herd, szth! Die hard!'
t The 26th Bengel Native Infrntry was raised ir Cawnporc in
r8o{.
h coruisted of two battalions, ofwhich the znd ]r'zskr.ow'r
^s
Hindti-ki-Paltdr from Caprain
R. H.nry who was appointed to the battalion in r8o5 and who for
somc timc commanded

58. it. In the rcorgabizltioD of.r824, when two bafta.lion rcgimdrB
wcrc abolishcd, 2/r6th
bccaDlc J2nd BM. It mutinied in r8j? atJubbulporc aod was
disbrndcd.
t9
I
n 'Jr+
I
URKHA
(r326)
THE G
t8t4-t8t6
? p l?o^ir""
rtad;rut
DETHI
WAR
-.j
i;'li:*r'l:i.::..';..*'..',.''
Siiiiie€i siigr ii:*:: = = _ j:?ij 1ttr1;= lFiil€ti; Ti: i:i{i+i ll}.:
i-
' l::;' ' i", , , 2.)

59. r(
.. . S ita Rant' s great hcro was his .frst cortpany
commander:::.c,tlls'Bunrnpcel'- Like auy other young soldiir,
his conpaty
. :.:,:t meaflt a grcot deal uore to him that his Conn,ndinp Ofitu,
antl
:..l ccrta tly scens to havc been an offrcr oJ chnracrer.-Hiwas
l,.: ,luittg tha Gurkha War, and again latcr. By the time Sita
Raln canre. ,:t,
't
rcnois 'Burnunpecl' had bctonc thc paiapou ofall militatv
Tltis i.s hartlly surprising. I can rctuenLcriry jr* ,i,,,pnry
,ou,,ror,lrr,
| .i rnt rise abote the tanle oJLieutenant-Coloxel, far betier than
nv
' i "tinnding Officer vlto bccane a uery distinpuisherl Cercral.
Atrenuts ta':. F,,t t unperl' ha'c ru l,,runatcly Ja,L,/. tt i frohabh
rhnt it vas a
: . Sira Rar,r sn)s rln l,t was wotnied ar rh, srornir2 cI Knlarrya
' : t Curkln War. bn tln ofliccr tourtt.uditg tlrc c,.,ttl,.riy ai ,t'
- - rl-'l il tltat action uas Thonas Tlnclecray, ru rclc of tlrc
wuclist, atd he
.. .l Jtonly aJion'ards ntJailnQ. Whcrcas ' Bt tr,,n,-ptr l' .
ocr.rrlinq r,,
. . t. ,rc,'utrt,lf,olt ltis u ou nli,r skk lcavt in Erylnut!, nud

60. l.;ll) rc l,c wout ,d nltitt it rl,, .,prariotu ag,itn in fl,tltt,tl,ts.
- .'iLltcel' utst the/eJorc rcl afu a nJ)stcty.
'fhc
East Inrlin Conpary. nJ,,r pati,n y crt1yuritry-fnrnir
. ,
':l;es
vith rha Ncpalese Jor nany yL,ats, went to oai vith thcitt ir t8t4;
: ::'iryaign whichfolloued is rcmlly knotol as the Curkha War. l -
hc ruling
.,: , pal is of lndiau ot i.qit. beiqq Rajpus who rcoh rcfrqc it
.tpol
- ,: -10,r/errr pcrsrcutior early h the Jourtccttth ccnnry. lhiy
Jtrst i,rahlishat'::"::clves h the little town oJ Gukha Jron u,herc
they eucnt iliv rorqucrrd the
:::!e oJ'Ncpal as we know,it today. By the end of thc'
eightcenth- rcntury they
:: , vendcd Nepal's boundaries ro irchdc Siula h theionh-uest
and'
'.<<w in the east and their expa sionist polities hatl Lrouphr n t
into co,tflicl
.:tt rhc Conpany. Curkha rule was nor popular amory the hill
people
'
',::,' said of them,'They had no lau to gtide then, nor did they
mre-for
:.te and prosperity' ; but they uere formidable soldiers and thi
Bitih thoueht
',:d and lory before it was lecided to hing the Gurkhas to heel.

61. Fotu colunns oJBritish and Indian tuoops took pai h, the
Lerations; therc was also ajJth, or subsidiary, rclunn
citnposad'mosrly oI
.rregulor troops under Ganlner atd Hearscy. The onhcr column
was
.iiected agafust the Cu*ha strorgholds in the mou tains arouqd
Simla, ond it
las cotnmanded bf Dauid Ochtetlony, dsjne a soldier as ever
serued Britai^
in Indio. The centre cofumn marclrcdJrom Meerut to assault thc
fortress of
Kalanga anl to cut the Gurhha conmuxicatiots with Nepal. It;as
coflnended by Sir Rollo Gillespk, a name to conjure with in
IndM at that tine.
The third a.nd -fourth columns operarcd fanher h the cas! wi.th
rhe ain offorcing
the passes into cefiral Nepal and seizing the capitol,
Kathmandu.
-
>s
vOl
3 r 3l-1 vl
=
2t
I ne b ltlA wdt
Otly Othtcrlouy's colunr uas succcssfi . Cillespie ruas killed

62. whilc,leading the. sronn-oJ Kolanga;,hc uas bwicd in lr/ileni
cctrciery rrhere
nts oo?ttsk nscs htgh abouc the jtuglc st!rrouditry ovcr a
ccnhrry's rrolh of
U,rt:Ul Sr:*:. Kd.langa evcnually fc.ll, but rct iefort its nincty
srtruiuittg
aeJotd(ts had tadr tlrci escape; u,lile at Jaithak, thc rcxt Jort to
be atachcd,
thcrt IL,as d entpl(tc rcuersal. Sita Ran vas prcsent at both
tlrcse actious. Tlrcrc
tuos sinilar J'ailwe ix the east, hrt Ochrerlony's succcss hal
darnrctl thc
Ncpa,le.sc. Thcft gcntrol, Anar Singh Thap), antt rc Ncpalcse
Covcruttrcnr,
dspcd lof tcrnts-
Sercral nouhs oJ rcgotiations follouttl, antl this respllg u,a5
,lized,hy
thc-Gurkhas to st.rengthu their dcJenics corcriry Kdthntailu.
t hey the rcJused to rdtiJy thc pcnrc trcdty. IAar brokc out apain
aud
Ochtcrlony yas giueu rcnunand oI oll rh Cnu,pony', troopsl Hr.
out_
lctrc rry(d rhe C tklns, copnriul tlrcir suppos,dly iuprcsnablc
fornr,ss at
Chiringhai altcr a tlariry night approoth-ru'orrh ,rl,irh ,or't,t
"q,n"lly
easilv hdw
rcsultcd i disast(. Thc Curkhas rcpitnlatctl it order rc aroitl th,
irrupniio,
of Karhnarlu. A pet1rc treity wos sigtrcd at Sogauli ir tEt6. By
this ihc

63. Nepalcx lost Sinla, Dchro Dnn, parts oJ the Tcrai, antl Sikkin,
!,n r,,taircrl
th.e.ir indcpcnrlurcc. Thay agrecd to atcept o Britkh Rcsilent in
Kathrnudua antl
allored thc Cotrpany to reuuit Cwkhns.l'or thc Bctgal Arnty.
'l:: C:,.
': .:::: .la th!' io!l'-i;:---.
- : Euio',.ean ser::':.'-
: .- ::-.' ianguage c,:::
::, i:i not knos- r'.::
-:i:..:::. and insteaj :.:
-,,,,i t]tc AC-jutaI:: :-
':.::::. and rve cou.j :
-i.i l:::: -
:::1 this as oi::-.
..: ' '.'._as vcrr'hea',-.- ::
::- .'. :cclrstomcd r.. :.-
:: ., lcn I coulci'.''.'::
:, :.i1a's verl tlq:: ::
-:. -:, :i': muskct vc:'. :-:
:' ::rs i!.' The Poucl-i
I ncra ir,
, C:-.rar:r of mv ccr---:
. ro bc. His nan: ':t.
:::.'sr as broad as tll.':
:: :::cn rrsed to 1-r!'!:.:
-::i he s as in thc l :-:
::' could dcfeat hi:::. .

64. ' : ;'resrlcr'. Nearl' :-
'-.::r. One t'as the 1':i:
:--r'Jsc he had a lona :
: -. als said that rvord. rr
. ::. 'oung, mere oo'.'5. j
.:rring and shooting.
' There s
: -i unit, consisting ulu:llr :
_ : :er sergeant, who usual..
: rsty men who had gcn: :
:-::ted to traasfer to the Cc:
::=idcrable) cither on discL
'This s:.
';e British ArmY, as iodeeC :.
--.nccssioi was made to thc :'
:anicularly trying for lnd:r.
a This s
I pounds end with an etrcc::t
'g
Th€ 6'-
:hirds would be abscnt on l::'
Io Hanur
.l
took my place as a rcgular scpoy in rny uncle's colupary,
Number:,r cight months frorn the dry I had enrered the Sirlnr's

65. scivicc.
-But my annoyances did not ceasc here. Through some infucnce
ofthe drill
havildar, thc Euopean sergeant of my comp;y took a dislikc to
me and
was conrinually finding fauk and gening me punished. I
discovered that I
had nevcr givcn the usual prescnt ro thc dtil hauildar when I had
passed
my drill, and I dctermincd ncver to do so after his bad treatmeut
of me.
This fee was sixteen rupees, of which five or six went to the
European
. Thcrc was a Britirh Residcnt in Karhmandu, .r,.irh a personal
cscort of
troops, flonr thc end ofthc Gurkha War until Iodia bccamc
independeni in 1947, but for
dmo$ all thc rime his movemcnB were rcstrictcd ro thc vdlcy
ofKathmandu, Th;NcDalcsc
would nor rllow him ro visir oudying arcas, cvcn though ii was
from thcsc areas that thc
British lccruited thcir curkhr soldiers, and ir is only within thc
las! fifteen ycars or !o th.l
Ncpal hes becn opcncd up to tour;ts.It is a land ofsingularcharm
and beauiy.
5 Numbcr.: was alwrys rhe Light Company. Thcsc
wcrcinrroduceq rn
Indie * e result ofrhc British Army's expcriencc in thc
pcnirsular Wer. Thcrc was a Grenr_
dicr and e Light company in each batalion, consisting ofpickcd
mcn, and it wes common
practicc to takc thc Grcnadicr rnd L;ght compaDies from scvcrel
battalions to form an
,d ro. Light Brltalion, or 'Flank' B.ttalion. Sita Ram appcars to

66. havc scrvcd in such a unit
for part ofthc Gurkha w:r.
23
. _.--. ! r,! rrcPdrcsc
, . - -: :-:::e 3reas that rhe
: -=:r.r. The Nepatese
||$ a -: - : :.:.3 inrroduced ir
nh;t .::d-- ; _- --::re r,ar a Grena-
nr-r .: s.as commorr
-
-.: !_- :.-:r::x ro fo.m an
_:.lc's coDpally,
:: : -iif^,rr's servicc.
, : _t.-iic to me and
f{* : _ -:..oycred that I
- .::: I had passed
. ::.:,:rtcttt of m..
,*r -: :: rhe European
The Curkho War
,:::rnr ofthc company to which the recruit was posted' At this
time there
-: : European sergeant with each comPany of sepoys.6 Some of

67. them
.-.,..-rhc language quite well, and on the whole were kind to us,
but
---.:s did noiknow our languagc, or could not rnake us
understand thetr
---::ing, and instead resorted to low abuse. Numerous
complaints were
:-:: to the Adjutant, but he nearly always took the side ofthe
European
:,:,'ant, and we could obtain very little or no redress.-
At first I found it very disagreeable wearing the red coat;
:- rugh this was opcn in front, it was very tight under the arms.
The
:i-.' rvas vcry healy and burt my head, but ofcourse it was very
smart.
. ::ew accustomed to all this after a time, but I always found it a
grcat
, ,.: rvhc. I could wear my own loose dress. The uniform ofthe
British
,: always very tight and prevcnted the free use of arms and legs.
I also
' :r d the musket viry heavy, and for a long time my shoulder
ached when
,:::', ing it." The pouch-belt and knapsack were a load for a
coolie.
Th"r" *.t. eight' English ofricers in my regimettt, and
':: Captain of my company i",
"

68. ,""'l safiib-jusr as I had imagincd all
,:,,,.-,, to be. His name was 'Burrumpeel'- He was six feet three
inches tall,
, chest as broad as the monkey god's,'0 and he was tremendously
strong.
,i: often used to wrestle with the sepoys and won uaiversal
admiratron
. :en he was in the wrestling arena. He had learnt all the throws
and no
:-'1,could dcfeat him. This ofiicer was always known
amongourselves as
,.-"twrertl"r'. Nearly all our oflicers had nicknames by which we
knew
:.::m. One was the 'Prince' sallb, and another was known as
the'Camel'
::cause he had a long neck. Another we called 'Damn'saii&
because hc
.-*'ays said that word when he gave an order. Some of the
ofiicers were
'. .-r1' young, mere boys, and when they were not on duty they
were always
:rnting and shooting.
6 There was a small ca&e ofBritish non-commitsioocd officers
in crch
.:01 unit, consisting uually ofa sergeant-mrjor, onc setgeant pe!
comPlrll, anda guartcr-
.,"ri.. t"tg.^"t, who usually retired rich if he did not die of
drink. These NCOs wcrc
,,,osrly rnen who had gone out to lndia originally with a British
regimcnt,Iur who.had

69. :lected to transfer to the Compalyt service (wherc the pay was
bcttcr and thc pcrquisitcs
:onsidenble) either on discharge or whcn their Bdtish tegimenis
left thc Indian Establish-
:..enr'
? This smart but not very practicable headdress had been copied
from
..he Brirish Armv. as indeed had most ofthe uniforms of thc
Compeny's Army. Vcry litdc
conccsioir was made to rhe climate and the thick and
tighF{itting uniform must heve bcen
?articularly tryiDg for Indians, whose normal dress is cotton,
and both light and loose'-
3 This would be the smoo*rborcd muskct 'Browa 86r', wcighing
9 pounds and with an efective range of3oo yards. It was only
eccurate-up to roo.yarils.
! The establishment was z3 British oficers, but of thesc ai le'st
two-
rhirdr would be absent on leavc, or in stefror othe! employment
10 Henuman, the monkcy god, is onc of the bc*.*ffi"*:*;::1:
''.':1. Gillaspic pas leillcd
'. !.:rut rcnrcfery uhere
' .1 ,.fihtty's ,ofih af
:: 'iitety sutuiuittg
.:.:: .l'.rt to be attacked,-
. :l: thcsc actiorts. There
.:: :itned thc
.' . ::.:I.:c Covuuncut,

70. :. .:.:.! this respite uas
' :1 Kothnandu
,.: .:gaitt atd
:.::. Hc a -
' ':.ti.,!e.forncss at
.: . nally easily have
: :.:. tlv ocorpotiotr
.:. B; this tha
a .: .:,' r, hft retahrcd
: : : 1,7111n14n/ne n,tr1
i!5. rG I : sr.3 in such a unit
The Gurleha Wat
The Colonel sahib owned four elephants and often or_
ganized tiger hunts. At the time I am writing aboui there werc
tigers rn
abundance in the-jungles arourd Ag.", o.., ih"r",pore, and on
thZ.oad
to Mutthura.rr Thesejungles have since been clearedawav and
thcrc is nor
a tiger to be seen, but Colonel Estuart'sali6 seldom retuined
from a hunr
without
_rwo
tigers. He was well-known al] around and thc villagcrs camc
trom as lar as thilty miles away to inform him wherc thc game
u.a.; qlrqy
were,cerrain ofrcceiving a good reward. Nowadays the silils do

71. nor go
out all day during the hot weather, but formerly thev bore rhe
hcat iusr as
we]l as we do, and sometimes even better.
Most of our officers had Indian womcn living with them,
and these had_great influence in thc regiment. Thcy always
iretcndcd to
lr"y".pol.
infllence than was-probabl! thc case iu order ihai thcy might
oe Dnbed to ask the i4ribs lor iavours on our behale Thc scroys
thernsclvcs
welc sometimes instrumental in persuading the ofiicers to take
their fcmalc
reranons rnto thelr servlce, but such men were usually oflow
castc, or clse
Mahommedans.l" In those days the scfiibs could speai< our
lansuase nruch
better rhan they do_now, and they mixcd more witl, us.
AIrho'ugli o{ii.cru
today have,to passthc language examination, and havc to rcad
books. thcy
do.not understand our language. I havc seldom met a sahib who
could
rcally rcad a book or letter although hc_had been passcd by thc
cxamining
board. The only language thcy leern is that ofthelL*cr orjcrs,
which rLcy
plck up from their servants, and which is unsuitable to bc used
in polire
conversation. The sahibs often used to gi ve flautchest3 for the
regimcni. and
they attendcd
-all

72. rhe mcn! games,. They-also took us with theniwhen they
went out hunting, or at least all ttose ofus who wanted to go.
Nowadays they seldom attend naukhes
-becausc
their
Padre sali&s have told them it is wrong. Thcse salil,s have
done, and are
::]J
d.,Ig,many things to esrrange th; Brirish offcers from the
sepoys.la'When
I was a sepol tbe Captain of my cornpany would hav",o-" oith"
rlllrerc are still tigers ncar Bluratporc, but thcy are few and
strictly
'Although sira Ram docs Dor appcar ro
"oor"".
.f ho,lt:t#;o;
kccpmg Lndull misllcsscs, hc docs sccm to favou. .slccping
dictiooaries'! By no mean, all
British ofrcers k€pt Indian misrlclres; many mafficd Indiin
wives in the normal fashion,
:nd some ofthcsc werc ladies ofhish birth.
rs Nalrt tes weie cnteltainments providcd by rroupcs of
profersiond
drncers, both mcn aad women. Atthough thc dances were mainly
clasical, *"r,y *.."
highly!!otic, :Dd oftcn, but by no mcans always, thc dancers
wcrc aiso prostitutes. Narlr.lrer
might hst .il night and were an acquircd tastc so far es the

73. Europcans werc concemcd, but
tnc Jatoys loved tllem_
- . . . . .
1. Sita Rrm ir hcrc exprcssing a bclief widcly hcld by thc repoyr
that
l,rrt|sh chaprarnt were coming betwecn rhc oficers and their
mcn. The rcpoyr also fcared
thlt thc chrplaini wcrc sccting to convcrt thcm to Christiarity,
a3 somc ofihim undouot_
cdly tricd to do, .nd thir was anothcr ofthc Dely ouscs ofthc
Mutiny.
1 .a 'r',.
-._ :: l-:i::-:l: a-. i:'.
-_'-: -i ::--- :i: :::::::l:-
- -:a ::: :l ::':--:_.::-
: : - :.-.:: ,': ::.::.:;: l:
--:: :: :1'3.:i:': I::' -:.:'::
-- ' '. ::-: r. -:- =:: ::-
- -- ::: ::- :!: -,.:j::: i :::,
_: :,'.:.:it l.i llkiC::-:::'
: .., :rli .i: !:.::;-l
. - --.1^-
j .. -..
I h. _:r:
-::: -! rn tile sanlc :,.:-,...''.--...

74. - :. :i::crs ..i rhe R:'
: . --r'-i:h thc ior;:.'. :-.:
: :.:::: callcd a c:::-:
' r. -{:nrt. And r'.': l:
,:.-. i made rl,ry;'.:::."- :
: i :rllorvl l har'.' ::
:::.:r knog'ing th: :-
- ::--.: s of temper.;:::-
::::.is widr tire Ing,i'i .
' .::rr'ss, And wh' l],]:
- ..: ,euard duties ir :l-..
':.a ihem our orn:I:
'lrlavs. Thet are n:::.
i rrl speak one s'':j
. -:.i lcarn polite ex.-::
:.-.:'. rvould indeed t:::
I har'.' :-
ti Reg::.:
:..1 lrid for by thc East I::: :
i: :ting's Troops, or (urr,ler -
16 Sit: L::
::: Fint Afghrn Wrr' r3:l: i:
::. now the rtt Blttalion. ii:
l:.'en's Roval Lenccr': 3:,.-. ::
rs Dui:::
:!vc up their rations to }ai :

75. 24
. .:ants and oftcn or_
:: lnere were trqcrs in
-: .rc. and on thc road
: .-.r-a,, ancl thcrc is not
: ::l--rrrccl fron a hunt
':: rhc villagcrs camc
' :::-. qanlc 1'as; thc}'
:.--: -.,r/rils do not go
-_ rrc ole hciltJust as
:., .rr.ing rvitlr drcnr,
- '.:rs pretcrrclcd to
: ::: rirat thcr. rrriqht
- ,1,.,1s thernsclvcs
: r.rkc'tbeir uralc
- r ,r' castc. or clse
:: .rnqLtagc nruch
.:- rhough olliccrs
-:.1 books, rhcl.
, 'i r.,'ho could: :irc cxamining
' ::,:.. rvhich they
,: -:(cd n pollte
' : -.: rcgin-rent, and
::::n tvhen thcy

76. : : :r.
:..cause thcir
- : J ,nc, and arc
: :: ii:. -rsp6)/5.rr
.'. : ,orue of drc
.:: :rr rnd srricrly
Frcaervcd,'1ah:sofiiccrs
I r:o means all
::::: I frshion,
: : : ;rofesional
r:.. iranv wcrc.- :::.r5. -:aal.rer
'. 'l : :::..med, but
: :.:: J?o),r thac
: - ::iso fearcd
::::: undoubt-
The Gurkha Wdr
=* at his house all day long and he talked with them. Of coursc
many
-. ::rt with the intention ofgaining somcthing-to persuade the
cornpany
:rnande! to recon'lmend thcm to thc Coloncl for promotion, or
to
:.rin this or that appointment in the rcgimcnt-but fat more of us
went

77. ::.-ause we liked the rari, who always trcated us as if we were
his children.
:::r a vcry old man norv and my words xle true. I havc livcd to
scc qrcat
: -::rqcs in thc sa&i|s' attitude towards us. I know that manv
ofliccrs no$a-
-: , only spcak to thcir men whcn obliqcd to do so, and they
shorv rhat
:.-.: 5usiness is irksomc and try to gct rid ofthe sepoys as
quickly as posible.
--;s -r,rli6 told us thet hc nevc! knew what to sav to us. Thc
so/ril.,s alu.avs
. v wlrrt to sry. and how tn say it. whcn I was a loung roldicr.
If I r;n
. :rking too boldJv, vour Honour must forgivc nrc !
The ofrcers of the Roval fumyrs since thc Mutiny clo nor
:::at us in the same fashion as they uscd to io. I arn fulJy ru'rrc
of thc
rr.:.cration my unworthy brcthrcD descrvc for thcir brutal
conduct durirrq
: : Mutiny, but surely this should comc from thcir orvn olliccrs,
ald not
:-- r:n ofiicers of the Ror.al Arrny, Evcn when it was known
that I had
, ::r'cJ with thc force which relievcd Lucknorv, I can
ncverthclcss rcmcrn-
:.: bcing callcd'a damned black pig'bv morc than oDc ofiiccr
ofthc
. -.,r1 fumy. And vet I can recall that olilcers ofthc r3th and 4rsr
Foot,16
.. :tcnI nad,e chappatist? for thcnr in Kabul, told mc. .Jack
..r1,,'y is a darnncd
::.,J fellow !' I have not scrvccl fortr'-cisht tcars rvirh lnglish

78. o{rccrs
.. rrhour knowing thc meaninq of all this. It can lrrgely bc
attributcd ro
:.tincss of tcmpcr, and rvho can strugglc against fatc? I ahvals
rvas good
::i:'nds with the English soldiers, and thcv used to trcrt the
scyo1, rvith qrcat
.::ndncss. And why not-did wc not do all their rvork? Wc
pcrformcd ali
:-c'ir guard duries in thc heat. We stood scntn'ovcr thcir nun-
crsks. Wc
:ivc thcn our orvn food.'. Wcll, English soldiers are a difrcrent
brced
:rrwada)'s. Thcv are ncither as furc nor as tall as thcl used to be.
Thcy can
,:ldorn speak one word of our lanquaqc cxccpt to abusc us, and
if thcy
.-ould leam polite exprcssions as quicklv rs they can learn
lbusivc ones,
:ncy u'ould indccd bc apt scholars.
I have noticed that a rcgimcnt ncw to lndia, both ollicers
I'Regimcnts ofdre British Armv, serving on the Indirn
Estrbhhment
:nd paid for by the East India Company), werc usually rcferrcd
to as thc Ilorrl Arnry, or
rr Kingt Troops, or (urlder Vicroria) Quccn s Troops.
16 Sita Rrm is herc rcferrirlg to the British Regimcnts he met
dr-rring
:hc First Afghrn Wrr. rjth Fool erc no*'the rst Bittalion, The
Light Inf,rntr,v; 4rst Foot
:re now the rst Brttalion, Ro)d Regimcnt ofU/rlcsi r6th Lincers
are now r6th/5th Thc

79. Queen's Rollll Lanccrs; and the rTth Foot are the 4rh B3ttrlion,
Roval Anglixn Resitnenr-
'1 chappati!: thc flai. brked rvheaten crke .*'o' "":h*.iL,:j
13 During the siege ofJellelabrd (r84r-2), the.rcpoTr of the 35th
DNl
gave up thcir rations to HM rtth Foot.
25
€1r
r/a
I
'. . . oxe uolley called Datlhor which was the noutlt of heli.
Tlte Marclt
into Afghanistan:
-(it: R : '':
'' :j:.: I lr,ii,lt'-'. :
: ; .Li i:. .l: :_, :
j.:: , d l-r.1rr) iri,:':
. :,.. lJicr ,'i :j:.
'..-':rcJ ,:-iri,' .:.
: " ir r,:lt l,lrgir r::, ",
,''i/gr.,rr',1r.'r, :,'
:,-,:1lr-,i,'r.'J l ; ::,.
: .i

80. 'rl {',li-'r;';:.
::
,: t l,teak it rt .:: ,
: ::t,i thc Butgr: -:"
=..'.:1-[,,rce thot ,:: :'
FoT l':; ' :
. , r:pcr'/cltces ,it :i;,
: ,;,tve alreadY L.: : .
.': tlr,rt ir tt'as tli '.', :
- ,, .,tirrcttricr,l S:':-:.::
.:,i hns writtctt t;::: :
:'h uerdict is Yr; ",
.::t)' in India ari, i:::
':g,tl ralile ,l r;r'
Sit'r R :
,,.,1 i,,L,/it l,)' st'., ', .
,lttrl It',ts /tt/crtt/i,;' :" ,
'' .ttisnut ftcr tlrc D',:
:. succutltl in alit' :'
..,;c,'-,-fir/1;' a-r lc /r'::
ht:
:. iu S/r,rl Slrrir/r ,". :
l.;,tr.uttucd Knn 'l', '.;
,.:r,,1,111, nll)'tlu," D .
, ,. r'c,1 rttot c tt't otrg. - l'-

81. :.1 trtasut', tltc l)ri:,:
: :t fi:sPtcltt'l rforl/i-i.. :
.;rc tolJ ,f Sit,r li rrti -' , '-
.,:suuliy ,'f tfu cx1, ;,:
lrctgh tlrc l)tluclti:: :
liu as blttL's twrc crt:;.'
Most of thcsc ruttc-fti). ' -
alotrc, but ltL,th thc Br::::
priu'ttions'
8i
t$8-tg9
h
b
I
t
Sita Ran begins thk chapter with a criticism of the rcu
;:l Arury thdt hod ariser phoerix-like rton the ashcs oJ the okl
arny which
' ,!ni icd h t857. It is hard to say uhether his criticisrus are
justiferl,
trtltcr tlrcrc is any truth fu his allcgotions oJ disloynlty auong
the Puujabi
- t''s. As a soldier oJ the oltl school ofpipcclay arrl close -ortler
tlrill, Sita Raur
' '' tl'ly rcsurtetl the Jreer antl casier ways oJ tlrc teu orny. The
Jact tlnt it

82. :ioirrcd o nuch lcrger lunrber oJMoslenrs lhon theJorlrer orlry
clso
':trsetl hk religious prejudices. But it nwst be renetrbcrctl that
he uas ol,l,
' 1 and disillusionetl by the tiue lrc wrote his ttrenoirs. There
untloubtctlll'
.:: a good rleal of dkcoutent it tlrc yc.trs irtntediatel afte( tlrc
M&tit,
r vell as a bre ok in relotions betve en ludians atd British,Itut
thcre cau ltc
.., dottbt tha,t lr Bct$al Arny post-,Vutitty ua! d t,tudt Lttt,r
r!:xipli,t,,l
lua onl(ctedJot(e tho s prtdKessor.
For the nost part, hoveuer, Sita Ran tlLnls in this cltdpttr
:L,ith lis cxpcriutce s at the ofiset aJ'thc First A-fghan War. Thc
causts 1,,,
'ltnt ytu hdue alrcddy bcen ciiscussetl in thc Ltroductiott, awl it
suftus-to
,t y hcre that it ruos tlrc grcotcst disasfcr British duus wt:tc to
su|; i Asid
:rtttil the swtendcr oJ Singaporc alnost exactly orrc lautltc,l
yi,trs lattr,
I.:ttc.yne,lns ttttttctt rlt,l Ilrc cntupnign Lr:: gln rcthi,ry
bur,lir3ntJ, attJ
.at lnrsh v,rdin is prol,nbly tnt, . Ir strtnll l,u,nStd ti,,. 1,r,,srgc
afrli
Cottrpany
-in
India ond hadJar-rcdchiug cfccrs on tlc disciplirrr: rtnrl ntorala
oJ

83. lIc Be rrg,rl rotiuc,tllty.
_ Sito Ra'l tooh patt h tlrc canrp,rigrr ns o h:rvild;rr irr n.ftr.r,.
iruitcd iu lndia by Shah Slrrga/r-rrl-.,l.ftrl/t. Ir rr,,rs Irrorlrr ,rs
S;'ralr Sirrrf,lr's
I-rr), aiul rns itte tlt:d to ettsure S/rali S/rrg,rlr's sccrrrity ou
rlrr, tluortc oJ
.lftlrdrii-tdlr lftcr tlrc Britkh hod u,itht{rnrut -ll on tlnt
iorntr1,. Iu Jatt itc
5lt,th succultd itt nlicttatittg ltis t'u'rr tuoopr, Brifis/r r'/f-rr'r-r
arr,1 scpol,s ,r/itc,
,r-, -.rrcres-$irlll as hc hd alicn,rted Itis orrrrr corrrrtr.)rlrr,rr.
It u,ill be rccallcd tlnllrc dn ttJ th b irislt t,,ts to
rt'store Slr,rlr Slur-iah ott tlrt tluotc -lirtn ry1,ir1t hc hd ltttr
otr:tcd 4, Dosr
f.Iahotnr.netl Kntl. Thcy lvlie vcd Irc ntral[1! 1y.1t1ts tpt bt a
notL, tuLstu,Ltrtlry attd
pctdablL ally tlutt Dot llahottrnctl, lwt scLLat ltas duy
Qot,utunt,tt [ttlctt
p r.olcr/ lror', r l rrrrg. .1-/i,,i.Jir rr r 1,,,nrr' r,rlrpaigrr irrg,
nrrd ,rr gritrt co-v irr |/ot d
auJ rn'i'lttr', tltc l3ritish t'oe ttt L'nut hov gricL,r.rrl1, tht1, har{
niscdlcrl,ttci
rlrc rcspcrtrr,, rlort/r-r.,t'S/r,i/r Slrrirr/r oriJ Do.v -[ I,
lt,unutcrl. In /lii-t rli,iptu,r rle
dr? f0ld (t-Sinr l{nrrr's crp, ricrrrc.s r/rrririg t/rc-/ilst 1l,r-rc rr l
irc awrynioi-.tltc
,i-,-.,'rrrlrl1 r,frlre c.rpr',liti.uary _l,,rcc ,ut! its nirtL ,tuoss ric
Siu,l ,listi atr{
tlrrrrglr t/rc lSrrLirlri-rt,lr lrr)ll,l,ril.r l() K,tul,lw.lt rr,,rs
lirtrr,r/ly l/rr,rrlL,r: -s_
Jiu ns Inttlt s rlct c cottct nttl, lut tlrous,rnrls dir,tl ,.,J' lungu,
Ihit.:t, ar tt! disc,tsc.
tr4osf g[tJir-cc rlrrcJt/l,lrcrs, ,,/11',11n,,, ,r.J, ooo nciontltinicd

84. tfu lJcrg,rl D1,i-sl,,1r
alont,but lxtth theBritish anJ Iuditut trt,tlts also srJJcrr:d
srrtrcll,Jion,
Prttttllt0llS.
*it".-ffi-
r- _---<.]i:--4si__--_:--*<f_
:L utouth of hell'
..u1:
8t
x
e
se-
s9
tv
3
I
V
o
z
z
I
o
uJ
I

85. F
Atrd :l'
. :1'5 llcw arll't al:'-_ _'
:r drc Mutillv ' A5 L:
. - ,-Hindus, Mehotr'-::
,:rre; thcy ucvcr,ktl -
r. r'clr, attd lnorllcr : : -
": ,:Jc rvas likclY to s-:r:
:r,rlc trcc:r disturbc'i'
-illr,tr rvith the sam:
-'
.rtivc Ar Y rt thc bcgi:::::
:)utillicd rd crc drsr:::-
.r.l vcre hter rctrrol-co ::
rhcm werc comPoscd-'ilr:
PLIniirbi Mus$lnla'rs >::: :
nc$'comers as rude alld '::::
fro rn the Kangra ano"
s u-: '
doubtless considered drat
::
prcseDt This hrs bcc'r)
trr'
r

86. thc strong hand ofJohu.L
workcd o thc PrtnclPtc r
63
,l
I
l
.l
a)
iY
o
.z
z
I
o
TL
llJ
T
F
'llrc Mdrch itn A.lghoristdil
Iront tht aut:L I tlu r,uty,tipn rrrrr rrirsrri.:a,rqr r/. Thtre u,as
::.'n hdutcctt thc gcncrak; bctu'cur tht 1utL'r,tls ,u,! lte political
,,fta,rs
:. r.utn,srrppostd to hr: addsin,q thutt;bLtu,ttn o-fhcus o.l rc
Ro1,,tl Ant1,

87. r r/rc ,'ffir. rs ,y' tlrc Botnbdy an,l Bttryal Arlies; hctrt,tctt thc
1,lficers oJ tltc
.'thiy.Tnrl'atkl thos,,-fir.rt Btn.qal; u,hile all u,crc ntitcd it
tltsyi:iug thc
, yuq and luL'tail rulto lntl .i,,ind ry h Shah Shujth's Lcr,1,. N,
rr,,,,,,/,,r lrar
:.r 1{arrr rrlrlcs-rc-r /r/s ostonislurwtt at tht, itttptiturlc t,l
his.qtnt'"dls, ,tuil tlrc
liur t.,i,t,t,ut.t.i, t,, ttr ,1 tln t.u,ty,ti,tt.
Ancl norv, nrl Lord, I shall ser- sollcthirrg lboLrt thc
.iillar's ncrv lrnir', artl bt tlris I rnclr thc arrrrv rvhich hls bccrr
rlisctl
.incc rhc lrlLrtinr'., As iur as I kn,rrr., cverr on. .i]slrkcs rlrc
scr.lce Do.a-
.lrrr llinclLrs, NI:iltonrmcrlrrrs. Sikh'. t,.rtjrrns, rrr,l D,,qr.rs.
Thct qct no
tcisLrrc; tlrcl ncvcr krr<,s thcil rvotk; tlrcy havc to lcarn onc
kl,ri.ri',lr;ll
ihis r car, lncl auorhcr rhc lcrr, an.l rhcr. arc puuislrcd firr rot
rcrncnrbcr-
irg thc ncrv tlrill. Thci lorr-have c;rlminatious and frollrotion
gocs b).
sLrprposcd rncrir, rvlriclr nrclns irr cl,ii'ct lt thc plcasurc ofthc
Commaudinq
Olliccr, rvliich is a vcrv I'rccarious tirilg to dcpcld upol for
pronorion.,
Thc I)unj.rbis xn(l Sikhs onh. curcrccl thc Sirlrrr's scrvicc
bccausc ri,.1
thoLrqlrt thcrc rvorrlcl bc ofpoltunirics for plurdcr, rnd not
bcclusc they
rrcrc plcrscd rrj()inirrg thc scrvicc, or lookcd on it fbr brcacl
ancl pcnsion.-l'hcv
do not rcspcct rhc (lorcnrnrcr)t ls yc llscJ to rcs|cct tltc

88. Corlperry
B,rld,/rf. lil)clhi hacl nor fallcn at rhc timc it rlid, dre ljritish
,,r.ouiei uor
]tu'c 1,.-rsLraclccl s() rltilll l)lthiuls lnd othcr- rrorthcru rncu
to clltcr thcir
scrlicc. Ir is u cll knorln thlr rlrcsc urcn hunq back, u,aiting to
scc whic]r
siLlc s.as likcl,, to rvirr. Thcir qrctr ltopc yxs that the punjab
rvouid also
h.rvc lcor disturbed,,, irr whic]r casc tlrcy rvoLrld 1,""c gon"
agrinsr thc
.Srrl,rr * ith thc srrnc .rl:rcrirl' es drcy displayed lvhcl entcring
iis scrvicc.
, Thcr. $.rc ut$,rrd5ofnnrct) regulir jnf: rtr] batt:rlions in rhe
Bcng:rl
Nrtivc Ao ' ,t thc bclr'rnrir)g of r S7-thc ) crr ofthc Grcrr
t,truiny. Trvo+hirds ofthcsc
rDuri,,rcd.urJ $.rc Ji,b.rrl.leJ; (,fdrc rcnr.,ir)dcr, sevcrat
hovercd on the vergc ofrnutiny
aird crc Lrtcr rcIlrov.,l li(, r rhc A I. Li*. 'I hc ncwli, rriscd
reginrcnts u.hich rcplaccd
thcn, rrerc corrrposcd nti,,lv ol ncr tionr norrtrcnr Indir_plthrns,
Sikhs, r)ograi, and
|"r)jrl,i r|lustrlr)rir)s. Sitr lhnr, .t Ilr.,Ln,in fn,D rhc hcr.t of
Itin.lost3n, rcg"rJed tncsc
rrcc,rners rs rrrlc auLl Lrncouth, cvcrr rrhcn drcv Ncre co-
rcligionists such ri the Dogrrs
fr,!,1t1. K.,ngrtr xnd Kr'1u vrllcys.
l Thesc vicws conflict with thosc cxprcscd prcviously, but Sirr
Ram
d,rubtlcs c.usiilrrcd tl)I thc olJ dars rnrl oll s.ars rverc nr clcrv
,ry suprrior to thc
Frcsent. This hrs bccn the,)Lt n,ldicrs prjvitrgc sincc Iong
beforc Tristran Siandyl

89. 3 The hnrjib loutd ccrteinl;. havc burst irrto flanrcs had rr
noibcen for
drc srrong h,rnd ofJohn Lrwrcnce, the Conlnrissi(r1er, rnd his
tcanr of assist;rnts, $,ho
rvorkctl on thc principlc,'A(r 615r, ind ask rfter!rrdi.
.Sl
The Morch ixto Alghanistar
Their sole object was love of loot. More than half the men of
thesc : -
nrcnts now want their discharge, and the other halfonly remain
b. -, .
they think there may be a chance of plunder for them in China
or .-
where. But thanks to the amazing good fortune of the SirAar, all
prc , -
ofwar has been extinguished, like hot ashes after sprinkling 6om
a r. .: : .- -
skin, and as peace is likely to last for many years to come, nrosr
oi :.-..
men will wish to leave the service. If they are prevented ftom
doins :
they will only be unwilling servants.
Numbers ofyoung men can always be found to enlis:
once the novelty has worn oFthey will soon want to leave a
service n:.
is daily becoming more distasteful to them. Their officers will
havc ha: .
the trouble ofdrilling them for nothing. In the Punjab the Sikhs
will ::,

90. service because they are near their homes, but they do not care
for :-
other country.. There is also an uneasy feeling about pay. The
cava.-
trooper has had his pay increased, but the foot soldier's remains
the san
Since throughout Hindustan everything nowadays has become so
mu:
more expensive, and since the Goverumcnt allows the
moncylendcrs to i
as they please, the pay of seven rupees a month will not support
eiri:.:
Sikhs, Punjabis, or Mahomrnedans . So 6r as the latrcr are
concerned, rL.
always think they will reconquer Hindustan from the foreigners
and thc
look forward to that day, {lattering themsclves that it is not far
oll Thc
have not seen what I have, or they would not entcrtain such
fooljsl.
notions, but they love to boast ofwhat they have done and what
they on:
day will do again. They might h".,. ro-e idea ofthe absurdity
ofihcse
ideas when they remember that they could not hold Delhi even
wirh thr
Company's army in their service, and its artilleryin
theirpossession, agains:
four or {ive European regirnents and a few hastily raised
rcgirncnts ofdirn'
Punjabis. After the Mutiny I was posted to a Purjabi corps, and
I knorv
what I have said to have been the general Geling. I also know
that if the
people of the Punjab should rebcl and fight thc Sirlar, therc
would be

91. roo,ooo Hindustanis ready and willing to take service agaimsr
them, ifonlt
to pay offold scores.s
The Government's practicc ofkceping several regiments
of Nativc troops together at the same station is unwise. It is
thcD tlut thc
young men becorne firll of their own importance and swagger
about the
bazaars pufed up with vain conceis and talking about things
they had
better not. They forget the giver oftheir salt. There are plenry
ofrascals in
I It is strange tbat Site Ram should take this view ofthe Sikhs
who are
somc ofthe greatest travellels in India, and certain-ly among thc
mosr enterprising oflndia's
maoy nccs rnd sccts.
5 Site Ram was postcd to thc rzth Punjab Infantry after his own
rcginent had mutiqicd. This would havc been composed of mcu
from northem lndia,
with probably a prepondere*c of Mahommedarx and Silis,
Tlrc [utt: :'::
and in most Srr,l"i:'
a In mort i$lra:ra
ro!1c ilittancc ftom thc city ot
tcr-
overawc thc local PoPulaflor'
allo i:

92. rldrost cvery lodien city' Bazaars ':
uP in cvery cantonm:1ffTil;T;;
call thc countrY AfehenlYn;
t';-l:
arc Kabr:I" [Footaotc
in I'torBatc srcr
;;"J#""#i'#i'"T*:ffi
in opcratiotu io Ankan tnd there
::
BomblY Aroics scco to hrvc.rurcr
rnd tomc lutbo'itiG h2vc lttlrDureq
x"ff"9*et,ff't'iJ#,"Y':r
in thc Bodbay ArdY 2!d thcrc
w2s
65
E4
I
-
:-: ::]en of theJe regi_
' l:..i' remam bCCaUSe
.' ,_ in China or else_

93. -' : S:rknr, all prospect
-_.-.:ng trom a water_
- : : rle, most of these
:::j from doing this
: : ::.rnd to enlist but
:.:aservicewhich
,:, '.r'ill have had all
- . : :.:: Sikls will take
:: :ct carc for any
-: :.lr.. Tire cavalry- :::lains the samc.
- .: ::come so much
-::.!'.lendcrs to do
-:r support cithcr
- - ::i crrncerned, thcy
. ::::igners and they
. :rr far off Thc)...:::n
such foolish
' , :-i s.hat they one
::surdity of thesc
- .-:i even with thc
- : rssession, against
: :.:imcnts ofdirty
: ::s, and I know
--rorv that if the
,- ::r(-rc would b€
. _ .-::.c drem, ifonly

94. The March into Afghanistan
every city, and in most Sdd b^z:,ars,' who encourage the sepoys
in every
kind ofvillainy. This idle behaviour has much increased since
the Mutiny.
Before that time I never heard much about it, but now that
calamity has
africted Hindustan, it has become comtnon practice. Thcse
brzaar rufians
have nothing to lose, and they reckon that in times ofconfusion
and drs-
order they will benefit, as many ofthem did during the rebellion.
Meerut,
Cawnoore. and some other cities are full ofthese men who
escapcd punish-
ment ior their evil deeds and boast ofthe 6ct. Some bad me" *ill
bi found
in every regiment and their induence should be well guarded
against-
especially among the young soldiers.
For several years nothing haPpened in my regiment. My
son became a frne young man and was enlisted into my corps. In
the year
1837 it was common gossip throughout India that the Sir&4t
was going to
assist Shah Shujah-ul-Mulk, the Amir of Kabul,' to rcgrin his
throne.
Every day the rumours grew stronger and there was grcat
cxciterrcnt
throuehout Hindustan. Some said the Sirlar would meet the
Russians rn
AfghJnistan and that they had promised to hclp the AmirDost

95. Mahommcd
Khan, who was the favourite ruler among the Afghans.
Thereforc the
whole country, supported by a large army ofboth Russians and
Persians,
would be against the English. Many people said that the Sr*art
army
would be beaten, while others considered that the English would
succeed
in taking Kabul because there was a strong party which
favoured the de-
posed king, Shujah-ul-Mulk. The septiys dreaded crossing thc
tndus be-
i"*" it *1, bey-ond Hindustan; this is ?orbidden by our ieligion
and the
very act means loss ofcaste." Consequently many rePof obtained
their dis-
charqe, and many deserted. The Mahommedans said that a lalge
army was
coming to invadc India and tried by every means to excite the
feelings of
. In aost iostances the militery liner, or cantonmcnt, were
situatcd
romc distailce from the city or town' This was patly for
defensivc purposcs, partly to
ovcmwc thc local population, and pardy for hygicnic tcasons
since diseasc was cndcrnic in
rlmost cvery Indirn city. Baz3ars, o! me.kcts, to scrve the
soldiers and thei! familicr spr$g
uD in cvery centonmmt, rnd wcrc known as Sny'da bazaars.
? 'Tbc inhrbitaos of India, although they talk of aa Afgban,
scldon

96. call thc country Afghanisaa; with them it is Kebrn. Kandahar,
Jellalabad, Ghazoi-ell
rrc Kabul,' [Foooorc in Norgatc's origin.l tdc5latioD.]-
3 Thc reludatrce ofhigh castc Hindu repoTs to scrvc ovctseu, or
bcyond
wh.t tbcy considcred to bc thc coo.fncs ofHindurtrn such ar thc
rivcr lodus, *T : a peqrctud
problem in the Bcngal Native Atmy. Thc +zth BM mutinied in
t835 lathe than takc Palt
in oocrationr ia Anlzn ard thcrc arc many similer instanccr.
Ncider thc Madras nor tbc
Bombav Armict sccd to hevc suffacd &om this problcm, or at
lcast to a much lcss cxtcnt,
and sooc authondcs hew attributed this to thc fact that thcy
rccruitcd Je?o/J oflovc! castc'
Ncvcrthelc$ thc Bombay Army rccruitcd soac ofits soldicn ftoo
thc samc atal in Oudh
rr chc Beacal Almy but had ouch lcss troublc with thcm.
Discipline was ccrtainly suiccr
ia thc Bo;b.y Aroy aad thcrc vrl much less disposition o coddlc
thc mco-
.'. rral regiments
.: :s then that thc
':lgcr about the
- ::rngs they had
,:r. ofrascals in
: ::3 Sikhs who are
r::-rising oflndia's
- -- :-r after his owD
- -- -:: nolahem India,

97. 6S
',7,gcuts oJ th Nrrr,,il of C)rr,//r and also oJ' the Kin3 o;f Delhi'
ht
Ittinl' of thc l]rttt t
'
B.,{dl i,i .il{rrf'lr.l "'-
rclfh rtlo ),f,rr-r l!rl,r '
laydltics tlrlt tc]-ult t' :
tcuafu ltt)'al to tl r c
that he.fearcrl fu ni.1 :
lo.rl,ts ard Jtdrs rt' tt'
,lfiar o]]l tire S.'ral "1":
dilcfi tta 4t the lurt :'
chasc to tcnnir l') )'i' : '
totrlottiots. 'I't: .
dtd trndiliosditl :"':''
nncienl cu:tons'I'l:"''
rc iurtghrcd tlnt;t : :
-&foltotltttrc,l,tti st'1't.= :
it1 4 ,tilht, 4s 1t'c nrc
a s/,It,,ritrttttcrittg "r "
t357. '4r Lt'ur tlt "':
,trt,/t,,0[ tro.llilr tli' I '
PoliicalIY-nt'"tit"tt'

98. :
Ilritis/r.,lt is t/tt-' tt '
:
nilitatY rcl'tlliott :: .
i llrrlia, or it lL"tti ::
rir.ilc tirc Briri-'l 1":;:
f. -:
lot,cd C,,nnt,tn,!, ' :-.t
t'
Bctigai llor-tc --lt;:'
Filst, t/ir'y''ti-r "i
; ''
artd tlisJcat u"t' it: ::
Sccotld, tltc'rttrtt'r'r'
srltti efi, at L::' : '
.varrriirrq irr l/lr { ':.':j
rroru Brifish tr'r'ril"'; '
tu Irc sncatcd vil: "
rllirlr tlc scPo) l;'' I :
o/rlrc scPoY irr rl': 'E '
itPortatce' Fi.Jilt .t' '
ElroPeot and Indi':'::
MairY broke o tt' :' :.''..'
Bengal, Modtas' ar: "

99. :'
li-
14 The Wind of
Madness
::te Kiry of Delhi'
In thk chaptet Sita Rali' dcuribes his expcricnccs tlwhry the
Mutiny oJ the Bengal Native Aruy diclt-first broke out
atBcrhaupore in.
Bcngal in March t3 57, ard continrctl rntil Outlh u,ns jnall),
clcarcl oJ the
rehels hvo ycars lnter. Sita Rall,r gives us dtr cxcellent exmrple
oJ'thc cou,fl)ct of
Ioyahics that result from an uprising oJ this kintl o , olthotgh
fte r/ro-.e to
renain loyal to tlrc Coveruwcrt he hatl serued so lorg, he is
hurcst h arlnittittg
that he feared he night well be servi q aloshgcaux. His occtunt
LtJ-his
tlorbts antl fears tenintls nc oJ a sinilar situotit)tl sotrc ),carc
ogo whu ar Aralt
offcer of the South Arabian Arny took ne irto his conJtdeute atd
ntld nc ttJ his
.lile ft a at the time tuhen nationdlisru was gathuhry force in
Adcu. IIe too
chose to renah loyal to his solt awl was,like Sita Rau, callerl a
troiht by ltis
cotIpatriots.
The Iulian Mutirty tvas basically a reuolt by a couscrvdtive
oud traditionalist societl agoi|st ,hat seencrl to be a tln'cat to

100. their rcligiot and
dncient a$tonls. There were wany couses Jbr tlrc Nhrtiuy,lrrf au
fond it tlos
the imagircd thrcat to thcir religion thdt causetl so ur,ruy Hitdu
and
Mahonnucdon scpoys to brcll< ort into rct'olt. Hoveucr, all this
did not lnppcn
in a night, as we are sometincs lcd to bclicvc itr novck oJ the
A&t ty,butwas
a slow siulnering over fiary yearc thot only cdr e to tlrc ltoil h
the 4n iug of
t857. And even then unny of thg uulincers hurricd honc Jrom
their Sdrisons
and took no jrrthcr part fu the ptotcetliugs, lcaving it to their
nore
politically-utotivatcd orfanatical conrades to ptusuc thc rebellio
og,tittst irc
British. It is this vhich uakcs tha Mutiny less d national ist
uptililg in a
nilitory rebcllion pute and simple but it is oJ corrsc true thqt
tliue u'crt nton)'
in h ia, or ot lcost iu Hin&rctou, who sought to utili:c the
soldiut' uxily to
driue the British bdck itto the su vheuca they h,tci cotre.
Field-Marslll Lord Robcrts, onc oJ the Luliat Arnty's best-
loued Conuuanders-in-Chid foryht throughout the fulutiny as au
Ltffccr fu the
Bcugal Horse Artillery. In Iis uiev the cdtst,s Ltf the Mrtitty
rucre asfollovs-
First, theJears oJthe high-cdste Flh u sollicrs that thcir religiLut
ruc,s iu danger,
autl thisJear was ir turn cLtntnnicatcd to thcir Llaho uucddn
conndcl
Sccotul, the annexation oJOulh b), Lord Dalhotsic, u,hi&
o.lJiutlcd local

101. sentineflt, afid. rcsukerl in the lLtss Ly the sepoys of thci
Jorurcr privilcgecl
stondins in the courts: thcy could scarccly clniu sltccial
priuiL:ges iu ulnt was
nou Btitish territory, Thiftl, tha alen oJ the cartridges uhkh
u'crc supposcr!
to be snearcd uith a tnixturc oJ cov's fat anl l,td for presert'ntiue
puryoscs, tn,l
which thc sepoy had to bite beJorc loatliug his ureapot. Fowth,
panperitg
of the sepoy ir the Bengal Arny, which gave hiu an uuluc sense
oJhis otvtr
importonce. FiJth, the tlorgcrous dkproportion iu nwrlters
bctwecn the
Erropean and Inrlian boops. It is .tstouishig to lcarn thot in
r857, uhen the
Mutiny broke out, there were only z t, t 97 British troops in
India, thcrcas the
Bengal, Madros, antl Bonbay Native Armies totalled z77,ooo
tneu; and this
r57
.;igttrc docs ttot inclufu tlc parattilit,try .litrcts srch as thc
artntd yLtlirc.
Silt/r, /i,r-rati-frrriorr ir,/rorl.q l/r. scpols ot,o t't1iit)rs
dtluiilislnltit,c nkt,1sru.s,
:'uth r th: vithlnnul ol-li'Ll alL,t'trtrccJ,tr troops scruing in the
Pnjab anrl
Sind, and thc ir-ri-rtcarc, ,r/icr ,Nrrlc nLtr t3;6,l/r,?t scpoys
trtst tulciakc o,t
cttliltltclt to sL't,c bc1'ont! tltc st't. ItLtst hilLcntu LIitd6
helierttl rhat scrurcc
Lcyond the Kala,Pari, or l|lack Wnttr, ,a ll irtt,itnl)ly fultrcy