FOOD AND NUTRITION INTRODUCTION

1. FOOD AND NURTION

2. FOOD - DEFINITION
 Food refers to any substance that nourishes our
body or in other words, it is anything that we can
digest, absorb and utilize, for various
physiological functions of the body including
growth and development.

3. Food groups
 Food groups can also be classified according to their functions
 Group 1. Energy giving foods- This category includes foods rich in carbohydrate
and fat
 Cereals , roots and tubers
 Sugar and jaggery
 Fats and oils
 Group 2. Body building group – this category includes foods rich in protein
 Milk and milk products
 Meat and meat products, fish, egg or poultry
 Pulses
 Nuts and oilseeds
 Group 3. Protective or regulatory foods – This group include foods providing
vitamins and minerals
 Fruits
 Vegetables

4. NUTRITION DEFINITION
 Nutrition is the science of food and a study of the process
that includes everything that happens to food from the
time it is eaten until it is used for various functions in the
body.
 It is the scientific study of foods and the nutrients therein;
their action and interaction and balance, in health and
diseases.
 It is the study of ingestion, digestion, absorption,
utilization and assimilation of nutrients present in food.

5. Essential Components of Food
 Carbohydrates
 Proteins
 Fats
 Minerals
 Vitamins
 Roughage (Fibre)
 Water
 Nutrients are those chemical substances in
foods that are required by the body for energy,
growth and maintenance.

6. Nutrients can be broadly classified as
macro- and micro-nutrients depending
upon their daily requirements by the
body.
Macro and Micro Nutrients

7. Macro and Micro Nutrients
 Some nutrients are needed in larger amounts,
these are called macronutrients. Nutrients like
Carbohydrates, proteins and fats and water
are macronutrients.
 vitamins and minerals are required in small
amounts and are called micronutrients.

8. Macro Nutrients
 Macronutrients are required by the body in relatively
large amounts. Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are
macronutrients and are also called ‘proximate
principles’ because they form the main bulk of the diet.
 carbohydrates: 55-60%; protein: 10- 15% and fats: 20-
30%.
 Water does not provide energy but is a vital nutrient
required in large quantity for functioning of metabolic
processes in the body and various regulatory functions.
Therefore, it is also considered a macronutrient.

9. Micro Nutrients- Minerals
 minerals required in larger amounts called
macro-minerals
 Sodium
 Chloride
 Potassium
 Calcium
 Phosphorus
 Magnesium
 Sulphur
Minerals - inorganic elements
 those required in smaller amounts are called
micro-minerals (trace minerals).
 Iron
 Zinc
 Iodine
 Selenium
 Copper
 Fluoride
 Chromium
 Molybdenum

10. Micro Nutrients - Vitamins
 Water Soluble Vitamins
 B complex
 Vitamin C
 All Vitamins are
Organic
 Fat Soluble Vitamins
 Vitamin A
 Vitamin D
 Vitamin E
 Vitamin K

11. Nutritive and Non- Nutritive components

12. Nutritive components of Food
 Carbohydrates
 Fats
 Proteins
 Minerals
 Vitamins

13. Non-Nutritive components
 BENEFICIAL NON-NUTRITIVE
FACTORS OF FOODS
 Phytochemicals
 Anthocyanins
 Flavonoids or isoflavones
 Artificial Sweeteners
 Preservatives
 Spices
 Coffee
 Anti-Nutritional Factors
(ANFs) - interfere with nutrient
absorption
 Phytates
 Tannins
 Trypsin Inhibitors-
 Oxalates
 Goitrogens