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HIST 118A: The Crusades in Cross-Cultural Perspective Blumenthal Winter 2022 THE EXPLICATION DE TEXTE METHOD The explication de texte technique of analysis is used by historians to extract historical insights from a primary source, a document or text written in the historical period of focus. There are generally FOUR parts to an explication de texte. I. Introduction: Identify and describe the text under analysis • What is it? What kind of source is it? Identify the genre. How would you classify it? And, is it an excerpt from a larger work? What is this larger work? Is it part of a chronicle? A philosophical treatise? A court record? A letter? A sermon? A law code? What is the usual purpose of this kind of source? To describe contemporary events? To govern behavior? To articulate abstract principles? • Who wrote it? Who composed the work? What was his/her profession? Social standing? • What language was it written in? • When was it written? II. Textual Analysis: • Give a brief overview/summary of what the text says, in your own words. • Situate the document within its historical context. Describe what you know about historical context in which it was written. • Consider who the intended audience was for this work. What assumptions would the audience need to share with the author in order of the point of the work to be made successfully? Would the audience need to share the author’s religious beliefs? Would they need to share assumptions about gender? About social class? • Articulate what you think the author’s broader aim or purpose was in composing this text. • Analyze the language utilized. How does the author try to achieve his/her goals? Does the author appeal to the readers emotions? Make a reasoned argument based on logic? Mock the opposing point of view? III. Commentary: • What historical insights can be gained from reading this text? (i.e., about the Crusades in general or the specific focus of this week’s readings) • Be sure also to demonstrate these various insights by citing/quoting specific passages from the text directly in your discussion and then analyzing them in greater depth. • Be sure also to demonstrate that you are reading this text critically, that you are bearing in mind all the observations about the author's agenda that you noted in the previous section. How might the author’s purpose in writing the text shape the information contained therein? Can we take what the author is saying here at face value? IV. Conclusion: • Summarize your findings. • Also, include a more forward-looking statement which points to possibilities for future research and discovery. Acknowledge how your conclusion here is based on the analysis of just one document. What other sorts of evidence might you analyze to confirm and/or extend your conclusions? Current Content Sources Reference list for lack of financial literacy taught i ...
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How to use this template: To use this template, replace the instructions written in italic font with your own discussion text. Be sure to proofread your work and check it for completeness and accuracy. Delete any extra text/instructions/references that do not apply to your post. Then, copy your work and paste it into the discussion window in class.Week 1, Discussion 1: Initial Post My personal communication style is…(Here, you should talk about the “reflect” part of the prompt. You can share your personal verbal style, writing style, and any concerns you have about your ability to develop a truly academic argument in this class.) I have learned that an academic argument is…(Here, you should describe an academic argument in your own words, based upon the items you read in preparation for this discussion. Remember to describe the four basic elements of an argument.) A recent argument that I experienced was…(Or, if you do not wish to outline an argument from your personal experience, describe the argument presented in the sample paper. Be sure to identify the four basic elements of the argument, whether analyzing one from your experience or the student paper.) After reading the course materials, I have questions about…(Be sure to clearly state any questions or confusion you have regarding rhetoric, argument, or styles of argument. Your classmates can help you find the answers throughout the week.) References (If you reference the textbook, instructor guidance, or handout – which you should – be sure to cite them in-text and add the references to the end of your post. We are learning to master APA style in this class and this is a perfect opportunity to begin your practice. Remember: only items cited in-text should be listed as a reference. For more information: https://awc.ashford.edu/cd-in-text-citation-guide.html & https://awc.ashford.edu/cd-apa-reference-models.html) Drown, E., & Sole, K. (2013). Writing college research papers (2nd ed.). San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Flag Burning. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://cdmsmedia.bridgepointeducation.com/MediaService/MediaService.svc/constellation/book/AUWC.12.4/%7Bhandouts%7Da.8_sample_argument_paper.pdf Garten, A. (n.d.). ENG122 week 1 Instructor guidance [Course materials]. Garten, A., & Wilson, J. (2014). An Introduction to Argument [PDF]. College of Liberal Arts, Ashford University, San Diego, CA. ENG122: Composition II An Introduction to Argument P a g e | 1 English 122: Composition II An Introduction to Argument Argument and Rhetoric An argument can take many forms. An academic argument, at its root, a method for communicating a singular position with evidence, logic, and persuasion. There are essential elements to all valid arguments, though they may take different forms. 1. Claim 2. Evidence 3. Counterargument 4. Rebuttal A successful argument depends upon the delicate balance between these elements. Imagine a teeter-totter at the playground. The ...
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How to use this template: To use this template, replace the instructions written in italic font with your own discussion text. Be sure to proofread your work and check it for completeness and accuracy. Delete any extra text/instructions/references that do not apply to your post. Then, copy your work and paste it into the discussion window in class.Week 1, Discussion 1: Initial Post My personal communication style is…(Here, you should talk about the “reflect” part of the prompt. You can share your personal verbal style, writing style, and any concerns you have about your ability to develop a truly academic argument in this class.) I have learned that an academic argument is…(Here, you should describe an academic argument in your own words, based upon the items you read in preparation for this discussion. Remember to describe the four basic elements of an argument.) A recent argument that I experienced was…(Or, if you do not wish to outline an argument from your personal experience, describe the argument presented in the sample paper. Be sure to identify the four basic elements of the argument, whether analyzing one from your experience or the student paper.) After reading the course materials, I have questions about…(Be sure to clearly state any questions or confusion you have regarding rhetoric, argument, or styles of argument. Your classmates can help you find the answers throughout the week.) References (If you reference the textbook, instructor guidance, or handout – which you should – be sure to cite them in-text and add the references to the end of your post. We are learning to master APA style in this class and this is a perfect opportunity to begin your practice. Remember: only items cited in-text should be listed as a reference. For more information: https://awc.ashford.edu/cd-in-text-citation-guide.html & https://awc.ashford.edu/cd-apa-reference-models.html) Drown, E., & Sole, K. (2013). Writing college research papers (2nd ed.). San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Flag Burning. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://cdmsmedia.bridgepointeducation.com/MediaService/MediaService.svc/constellation/book/AUWC.12.4/%7Bhandouts%7Da.8_sample_argument_paper.pdf Garten, A. (n.d.). ENG122 week 1 Instructor guidance [Course materials]. Garten, A., & Wilson, J. (2014). An Introduction to Argument [PDF]. College of Liberal Arts, Ashford University, San Diego, CA. ENG122: Composition II An Introduction to Argument P a g e | 1 English 122: Composition II An Introduction to Argument Argument and Rhetoric An argument can take many forms. An academic argument, at its root, a method for communicating a singular position with evidence, logic, and persuasion. There are essential elements to all valid arguments, though they may take different forms. 1. Claim 2. Evidence 3. Counterargument 4. Rebuttal A successful argument depends upon the delicate balance between these elements. Imagine a teeter-totter at the playground. The ...
How to use this template To use this template, replace the inst.docx
How to use this template To use this template, replace the inst.docx
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Instructions for writing a paper Content Organize your paper into sections with headings. For a term paper the sections might be: Topic Introduction Main point #1 Main point #2 Main point #3 Summary References (Figures – if not embedded in text) · Length (7-8 pages). · Make sure that when you turn in your paper, you have read through it in its final form. This may prove difficult to do after the many editing sessions that you have already enjoyed with it. It is often very helpful to have a friend read it through as well as this lends a fresh perspective. Format · Please double-space all your text. That way it is much easier for the instructor to annotate your work. · Use 1” margins all round. Use 12 pt font. (or 14 font with 1.5 space).Number your pages. · The final copy should be clean and neat. Style · Try to write in the third person whenever possible. For the most part you will be presenting facts. Although, for debate papers you will be arguing a certain point of view and it may therefore be appropriate to use “I” now and then, avoid repeated use of the first person. · Avoid clichés. (“the bottom line”, “at the end of the day”, “all in all” etc.) · Avoid slang and informal terms of expression. (“Well, …”, “It was like, we went…”) · Avoid rhetoric. (“How should I interpret these results?”, “I asked myself - What do people think about global warming?”) · When you use equations in your paper, make sure that every symbol in the equation is explained. Number equations sequentially for easy referencing. Grammar and spelling · Don’t rely on the spelling checker to find all your spelling errors. You must also read through you document to check that “their”, “there” and “they’re”, for example, are correctly used. · Read and re-read your manuscript. Edit it more than once or twice. Avoid the repetitious use of the same word in a sentence or a paragraph. Edit away all redundancies. I do not want to read the same information over and over again, simply expressed in a slightly different way each time. Remove unnecessary words. Be clear and succinct. References · Cite articles by author(s) and year within your text. If there is a single author, the last name and year will suffice – e.g. (Hutchinson, 1995). If there are two authors, include both names and the year of the publication – e.g. (Hutchinson and Osborne, 1978). For more than two authors, use the first author with et al. – e.g. (Hutchinson et al., 1984). · Include the list of references at the end of your paper. Do not include references you have read but not cited. List the references alphabetically by the first author’s last name. Apply Semiotics (class terms): The Saussurean model - Signifier - Signified concept - The relational system The Peircean model - symbolic mode - iconic mode - indexical .
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Developing Writing Skills
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