Sub-Saharan Africa

Miata. Blameless Faces. 2008.
http://www.blamelessfaces.com/html/~
OUR_FOUNDATION~.htm (accessed June
28, 2009).
World Regional Geography
Sub-Saharan Africa
© Mark M. Miller
World Regional Geography
Dept. of Geography &
Geology
The University of Southern
Mississippi

Scientific American July 2015:
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/a
frica-dwarfs-china-europe-and-the-u-s/

Atlas, The Times. Strange Maps. November 20,
2006: strangemaps.wordpres.come

National Geographic. Resources.
Retrieved April 15, 2010:
http://www.nationalgeographic.co
m/resources/ngo/maps/view/imag
es/africam.jpg

Robert Lamb. Top 10 Early Hominid Finds and Their Locations. Discovery. Retrieved April
18, 2013 http://dsc.discovery.com/tv-shows/curiosity/topics/10-early-hominid-finds.htm
Iconic Photos. The Leakeys. Retrieved April 18, 2013:
http://iconicphotos.wordpress.com/2009/05/20
/the-leakeys/

http://www.cnn.com/2015/09/10/africa/homo-naledi-human-relative-species/

Africa Information-Exit to Africa. Spread of HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa, generated by Joint United
Nations Program on AIDs: http://www.exittoafrica.com/html/eta_info_africa.html

Salaam-Blyther, Tiaji. Global Access to Clean Drinking Water and
Sanitation: U.S. and International Programs. Congressional Research Service. September 10,
2012: http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42717.pdf

Worldprocessor. Retrieved February 16, 2010:
http://www.worldprocessor.com/catalog/world/mainframe.ht
ml

Ethnic Diversity of States, Courtesy of the University of Texas Libraries, the University of Texas of Austin

Glassner & Fahrer 2004 Africabib. Retrieved January 18, 2006:
http://www.africabib.org/africatrans.gif

“Islamic Front. Muslim nations in
Africa.” University of Texas Library.
Retreived 09/15/09:
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/
africa_islam_87.jpg

Bustillo, Miguel. 2010. Wal-
Mart Bids $4.6 Billion for
South Africa's Massmart.
September 28:
http://online.wsj.com/news/a
rticles/SB10001424052748704
654004575517300108186976

Washington Post. December 22,
2013:
http://www.washingtonpost.com/bu
siness/graham-mackay-who-helped-
turn-south-african-brewery-into-
global-titan-dies-at-
64/2013/12/20/f2fd8354-68ee-11e3-
ae56-22de072140a2_story.html
Mr. Mackay helped lead the
company, originally South
African Breweries, through
some of its most dramatic
recent moments, beginning in
the early 1990s when the late
Nelson Mandela’s release
from prison led to a lifting of
sanctions on South Africa and
offered the potential for the
company to expand
internationally. It has grown
to own such brands as Miller
and Foster’s.
Mr. Mackay “is the man who
took South African Breweries
from being a parochial South
African company, if you like
. . . and built it into being a
first-class brewer,” said Roy
Summers, chairman of the
advisory board for the
International Center for
Brewing and Distilling at
Heriot-Watt University in
Scotland. “He knew the
company would go nowhere if
it just remained a South Africa
company.”

es/africam.jpg
Introduced capital:
Abuja

es/africam.jpg
South Africa
•Apartheid: ended 1990
•Nelson Mandela
Famous People. Retrieved April 21, 2010:
http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/nelson-
mandela-59.php

es/africam.jpg
Mwebantu. December 10, 2012: http://www.mwebantu.com/2012/12/10/ian-smiths-farm-
seized-in-zimbabwe-as-robert-mugabe-eyes-election/
Zimbabwe 
• Apartheid: ended 1979
• Robert Mugabe
• 230 million percent inflation
• Now without own currency

CATO Institute. Retrieved April 21, 2010:
http://www.cato.org/zimbabwe
CNN.com. 2009. Retrieved
April 21, 2010:
http://edition.cnn.com/200
9/WORLD/africa/02/02/zim
babwe.dollars/index.html

Somalia piracy
England's Royal Navy attack Somali pirates. The Daily Skew. September 7, 2009:
http://skew.dailyskew.com/2008/11/englands-royal-navy-attack-somali.html

•In The Know: Situation In Nigeria Seems Pretty
Complex (2:41)
http://www.theonion.com/video/in-the-know-
situation-in-nigeria-seems-pretty-comp,14171/

Joseph Kony & “Lord's Resistance Army”
Politico. Anti-Joseph Kony resolution introduced in House. Retrieved April
11, 2012: http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0312/73949.html

Lord’s Resistance Army. USA for the International Criminal Court.
Retrieved November 15, 2011: http://usaforicc.org/taxonomy/term/154

http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/story/2011/07/10/independent-baby-
sudan.html

Los Angeles Times. Independence for South Sudan. July
8, 2011:
http://framework.latimes.com/2011/07/08/independe

Darfur:
Genocide in Sudan
By former Political Geography
student Stephanie Latza
Image: The Moving Target. “The Biden Doctrine: Joe Biden’s Call for U.S. Military Force in Darfur Offers Hope to the Victims
of Genocide”. Retrieved October 30, 2009. http://themovingtarget.wordpress.com/2008/08/27/the-biden-doctrine-joe-bidens-call-for-
us-military-force-in-darfur-offers-hope-to-the-victims-of-genocide/
Terms:
•Genocide
•Sovereignty
•International human
rights

Muhlenberg College: Institute for Jewish-Christian Understanding. “100 Days
for Darfur.” Retrieved October 30, 2009.
www.muhlenberg.edu/cultural/ijcu/darfur.html
Stand Up for Darfur. Retrieved October 30, 2009. http://standup4darfur.org/

Who’s Fighting?
Janjaweed: Arabic for
“man on horse with
guns”. Gunmen hired
by the Sudanese
Government to help
put down the Sudan
Liberation Army…..
Koerner, Brendan. Slate. “Who are the Janjaweed: A guide to
Sudanese militiamen.” Accessed November14, 2009.
http://www.slate.com/id/2104210/
Image: BBC News, “Sudan: Big Country Big Problems.” Accessed November 14, 2009.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3795269.stm

Who’s Fighting?
Sudan Liberation Army: "The
objective of the SLA is to
create a united democratic
Sudan. ..Sudan's unity must
therefore ultimately be based
on the right to self-
determination and the free
will of the various peoples of
Sudan... on an economy and a
political system that address
the uneven development and
marginalization that have
plagued the country since
independence,”
-Political Declaration
published by SLA
BBC News. “Who are Sudan’s Darfur Rebels?”.
Retrieved November 14, 2009.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3702242.stm

Darfur Conflict Statistics
• 400,000 deaths since
February 2003
• 2.5 million displaced
peoples
• 200,000 have fled to
Chad
• Humanitarian Aid can
only reach about 20% of
those a
• At least 1 million people
are in danger of dying
from malnutrition
and/or disease
What is the Crisis in Darfur?.
http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/daccampaigns/uploads/
WhatIsTheCrisisInDarfurWhatIsTheCrisisInDarfurHisto
ry_of_Darfur_FLYER.doc.
Image: Retrieved November 14, 2009.
http://backinasecond.files.wordpress.com/2007/12/darfur.jpg

April 19, 2010:
http://www.amn
estyusa.org/darf
ur/page.do?id=1
351050

Criticism of US involvement
Mike Luckovich. Truth Dig: Drilling
Beneath the Headlines. Retrieved
October 30, 2009.
http://www.truthdig.com/cartoon/ite
m/20060428_luckovich_darfur/

"Diamonds: It's to die for." Flickr.com. 27 Sept. 2007. Web. 09 Nov. 2009. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/toddaustin/1448814817/>.
Thanks
to
Human
Rights
seminar
student
Mary
Meyers
Franco

Polgreen, Lydia. "Diamonds Mover From Blood to Sweat and Tears." Nytimes.com.
25 Mar. 2005. 09 Nov. 2009
<http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/25/world/africa/25diamonds.html>.
•In Africa, they have been a
cause to terrorize many
innocent civilians
•Civilians have been forced to
mine for diamonds in very
harsh conditions with the
threat of death and basically
no pay (2)
• Rape, amputations, torture,
and mass murder are
examples of the types of
abuse civilians have suffered
from (1)
2.) "Blood Diamonds." History.com. The History Channel.
09 Nov. 2009
<http://www.history.com/content/blooddiamonds/about-
blood-diamonds>.
1.) Workman, Daniel. "Blood Diamond Countries."
Internationaltrade.suite.101.com. 09 Nov. 2009
<http://internationaltrade.suite101.com/article.cf
m/blood_diamond_countries>.

Flow of Blood Diamonds
• Sierra Leone
• Angola
• Democratic Republic of Congo
• Liberia
• Ivory Coast

"Blood Diamonds - Conflict Diamonds." Geology.com. 09 Nov. 2009 <http://geology.com/articles/blood-diamonds.shtml>.
** Blood Diamonds

Statistics
•1990s Sierra Leone civil war led to 50,000 deaths and thousands of amputees
•Civil war in Angola was responsible for 500,000 deaths and 100,000 maimings
• Made $4 billion off of blood diamonds between 1992 and1999
•Republic of Congo stills has conflict today
•Hundreds of millions of blood diamonds still transported out of country each
year
•Responsible for 2.5 million deaths and millions of wounded victims
Workman, Daniel. "Blood Diamond Countries." Internationaltrade.suite.101.com. 09 Nov. 2009
<http://internationaltrade.suite101.com/article.cfm/blood_diamond_countries>.

•Young boy lost
both hands to
Rebels’
Machetes in
Sierra Leone
(Left)
"Conflict Diamonds." UN.org. 21 Mar. 2001. Web.
16 Nov. 2009.
<http://www.un.org/peace/africa/Diamond.html>.
•Child soldier lies
paralyzed
with tetanus in a
backwater
hospital.
© Chris Hondros
(Right)
Campbell, Greg. "Blood Diamonds." Amnestyusa.org. 2002. Web. 16 Nov. 2009.
<http://www.amnestyusa.org/amnesty-magazine/fall-2002/blood-
diamonds/page.do?id=1105119>.

Prevention
•The Kimberly Process: Protects against blood diamonds entering
the rightful diamond supply chain. Officially adopted in 2003
• It is mandated by the United Nations
•74 governments are now apart of the Kimberly process
•99% of the global production of rough diamonds is done by
Kimberly Process participants
"Conflict Diamonds." DiamondFacts.com 09 Nov. 2009 <http://www.diamondfacts.com/conflict/index.html>.

Red Areas = Participants in the Kimberly Process
"The Kimberly Process." Wikipedia.org. Web. 11 Nov. 09. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Kimberley_Process

Requirements of the Kimberly Process :
•Each shipment of rough diamonds crossing an international border must
be:
•Transported in a tamper-resistant container
•Accompanied by a government-validated Kimberley Process
Certificate
•Each certificate must be resistant to forgery, uniquely numbered and
describe the shipment's contents
•The shipment can only be exported to another Kimberley Process
participant country
•It is illegal for uncertified shipments of rough diamonds to either be
imported or exported by a Kimberley Process participant country
•If any concerns arise regarding a country's adherence to the Kimberley
Process, they are investigated and dealt with at an intergovernmental
level
"Conflict Diamonds." DiamondFacts.com. 09 Nov. 2009
http://www.diamondfacts.com/conflict/eliminating_conflict_diamonds.html

System of Warranties Sheet

Facts to Know about Diamonds
•Conflict diamonds have been reduced
from approximately 4% to considerably
less than 1% since the implementation
of the Kimberley Process in 2003
•An estimated 5 million people have
access to appropriate healthcare
globally thanks to revenues from
diamonds
•Diamond revenues enable every child
in Botswana to receive free education
up to the age of 13
•Sierra Leone is now at peace and
exported approximately $125 million
diamonds in 2006
•Approximately $8.5 billion worth of
diamonds a year come from African
countries
•An estimated 65% of the world's
diamonds come from African countries
"Diamond Facts." DiamondFacts.com. Web. 16 Nov. 2009.
<http://www.diamondfacts.com/facts/index.html>.

Make sure that the jeweler is willing to spend
time providing the information you need.
A reputable jeweler should:
•Only use suppliers who can provide a
guarantee that their diamonds are from
sources free of conflict
•Have a conflict diamond policy
•Be able to answer a customer's questions
about the topic
"Buying With Confidence." DiamondFacts.com. Web. 16 Nov. 2009.
<http://www.diamondfacts.com/confidence/index.html>.

"Conflict Diamonds." UN.org. 21 Mar. 2001. Web. 16 Nov. 2009.
<http://www.un.org/peace/africa/Diamond.html>.

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