Benefit Cost Analysis in the Marine Navigation Sector
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This document summarizes a presentation on comparing strategies for benefit-cost analysis of navigation projects. It discusses how different groups conduct BCA for construction, operations and maintenance, and environmental impacts. It also notes opportunities for further research on refinements to BCA approaches and inconsistencies that exist between discounting assumptions across agencies. The document advocates for combining quantitative analysis with compelling narratives to better persuade stakeholders and decision makers. It highlights several areas ripe for further academic and practical study related to inconsistencies in project evaluation.
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เอกสารประกอบการบรรยาย (Powerpoint)
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financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
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How Does It Work?
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Business
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S
ustainability has been an
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businesses, nonprofits and
governments in the past decade, yet
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organization is being sustainable or
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framework, called the triple
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traditional measures of profits, return
on investment, and shareholder
value to include environmental and
social dimensions. By focusing on
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that is, with respect to performance
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triple bottom line reporting can
be an important tool to support
sustainability goals.
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similar approach has gained currency
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The TBL is an accounting framework
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performance: social, environmental
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traditional reporting frameworks
as it includes ecological (or
environmental) and social measures
that can be difficult to assign
appropriate means of measurement.
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planet and profits. We will refer to
these as the 3Ps.
Well before Elkington introduced
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bottom line,” environmentalists
wrestled with measures of, and
frameworks for, sustainability.
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would agree with the general
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impact of an organization’s activities
on the world ... including both
its profitability and shareholder
values and its social, human and
environmental capital.”2
The trick isn’t defining TBL. The
trick is measuring it.
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This document provides an overview of power analysis and mapping for advocacy and influencing work. It discusses why power matters for development and change, different forms and spaces where power is exercised. It also provides examples of power analysis maps and discusses how to develop a theory of change. A theory of change explains how and why a desired change is expected to happen in a particular context, what actions need to be taken to influence relevant stakeholders, and what assumptions are being made about how change happens. Developing a theory of change involves defining the desired impact, identifying outcomes and strategies, and mapping the context and key players to determine how change can be influenced and sustained.
2014 FDA Process Review of Alberta Municipal Levies: Implication for Alberta ...
2014 FDA Process Review of Alberta Municipal Levies: Implication for Alberta ...Foundation for Democratic Advancement
Executive Summary
The Foundation for Democratic Advancement (FDA) asserts that municipalities like any other government department and agency, corporation, and non-profit/charity organization are expected to operate efficiently and effectively in order to provide adequate services at reasonable cost. In this report, the FDA is not promoting and will never promote the idea that municipalities have the right to impose their own levies in order to create more revenue. The reader knows that extra revenue and abundance of cash and resources may lead to complacency, inefficiency, waste, and corruption. However, the FDA supports and advocates that municipalities have the right, when needed and warranted, to supplement their revenue in order to provide services and develop and maintain safe and reliable communities.
In its research, the Foundation for Democratic Advancement uncovers the bias of section 648 of the Alberta Municipal Government Act (MGA, 2000) and the section’s inconsistent application throughout Alberta. As it stands, section 648 only allows Alberta municipalities to charge hard infrastructure levies (such as charges for sewer or water infrastructure) on new off-site developments as opposed to municipalities having the discretionary capacity to charge for both hard and soft levies which includes police and fire services, parks, and community infrastructure. Currently, several Alberta cities (most notably the City of Calgary) bypass this restriction on levies by signing private negotiated agreements (standard development agreements) with development community stakeholders. These agreements allow the City of Calgary, for instance, to charge also for soft infrastructure levies because the development industry agreed to them, and therefore it cannot sue on grounds of violation of the MGA. All other Alberta municipalities are restricted to charging only hard infrastructure levies unless they too can negotiate private agreements with developers and/or developer associations. Moreover, the Government of Alberta ignores the bypass of section 648 by Alberta municipalities.
In the FDA’s view, section 648 is a process shortcoming by allowing developers to either avoid soft infrastructure levies or negotiate low levies from a strong negotiating position. In either scenario, Alberta municipal taxpayers likely pay more for the capital costs of new off-site developments, while developers, which are the principle profit beneficiaries of new developments, pay less. This issue resolves around who pays for soft infrastructure which is critical to new off-site infrastructure and the ability of municipalities to maintain safe and viable communities (MGA, Part 1, Section 3).
An off-site levy is one financing source to both pay for growth-related infrastructure and pass on infrastructure costs to those individuals and organizations who are the primary beneficiaries of the growth, and thereby ensure “growth pays for growth”....Discourses on Benefit Sharing, Legitimacy and Equity in REDD+: Lessons for S...
This presentation details the various discourses surrounding benefit sharing, legitimacy and equity in REDD+
Session(รวม) sum11[1]
The document provides an introduction and overview of an economic analysis and public policy course. It outlines the main elements of a policy analysis, including describing the problem, history of past policy responses, goals of potential policies, alternatives, and recommendations. It also discusses the main elements of an example policy analysis of the Canadian salmon fishery, following the same structure. The document notes some limitations of student projects in the course and provides guidance on gathering information. It previews topics to be covered in future sessions, including market failures related to public goods and externalities.
เอกสารประกอบการบรรยาย (Powerpoint)
The document provides an introduction and overview of an economic analysis and public policy course. It outlines the purpose of the course as acquiring knowledge of economic concepts relevant to policy analysis and exploring the policy analysis process. The main elements of a sample policy analysis on the Canadian salmon fishery are described, including describing the problem, history of responses, goals, alternatives, and a recommendation. The document also discusses the main elements that should be included in student projects for the course.
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Public service: state of transformation 2018 report
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4 Indiana University Kelley School of Business, Indiana Busi.docx
4 Indiana University Kelley School of Business, Indiana Busi.docx
Future of the commons: Priorities for policy & "operations"
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California Funders' Convening on Gentrification & Displacement Proceedings Su...
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Haiti Earthquake Essay. Haiti earthquake case study
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2014 FDA Process Review of Alberta Municipal Levies: Implication for Alberta ...
2014 FDA Process Review of Alberta Municipal Levies: Implication for Alberta ...
Discourses on Benefit Sharing, Legitimacy and Equity in REDD+: Lessons for S...
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Recently uploaded
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptx
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
How Non-Banking Financial Companies Empower Startups With Venture Debt Financing
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Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...
Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...Labour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
OJP data from firms like Vicinity Jobs have emerged as a complement to traditional sources of labour demand data, such as the Job Vacancy and Wages Survey (JVWS). Ibrahim Abuallail, PhD Candidate, University of Ottawa, presented research relating to bias in OJPs and a proposed approach to effectively adjust OJP data to complement existing official data (such as from the JVWS) and improve the measurement of labour demand.2. Elemental Economics - Mineral demand.pdf
After this second you should be able to: Explain the main determinants of demand for any mineral product, and their relative importance; recognise and explain how demand for any product is likely to change with economic activity; recognise and explain the roles of technology and relative prices in influencing demand; be able to explain the differences between the rates of growth of demand for different products.
在线办理(GU毕业证书)美国贡萨加大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(GU毕业证书)美国贡萨加大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
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◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
1：1制作加拿大麦吉尔大学毕业证硕士学历证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【加拿大麦吉尔大学毕业证硕士学历证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdf
After this first you should: Understand the nature of mining; have an awareness of the industry’s boundaries, corporate structure and size; appreciation the complex motivations and objectives of the industries’ various participants; know how mineral reserves are defined and estimated, and how they evolve over time.
Does teamwork really matter? Looking beyond the job posting to understand lab...
Does teamwork really matter? Looking beyond the job posting to understand lab...Labour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
Vicinity Jobs’ data includes more than three million 2023 OJPs and thousands of skills. Most skills appear in less than 0.02% of job postings, so most postings rely on a small subset of commonly used terms, like teamwork.
Laura Adkins-Hackett, Economist, LMIC, and Sukriti Trehan, Data Scientist, LMIC, presented their research exploring trends in the skills listed in OJPs to develop a deeper understanding of in-demand skills. This research project uses pointwise mutual information and other methods to extract more information about common skills from the relationships between skills, occupations and regions.Eco-Innovations and Firm Heterogeneity. Evidence from Italian Family and Nonf...
Eco-Innovations and Firm Heterogeneity. Evidence from Italian Family and Nonf...University of Calabria
The study analyzes differences and primary drivers of green performance between family firms and non-family firms
This assessment plan proposal is to outline a structured approach to evaluati...
This assessment plan proposal is to outline a structured approach to evaluati...lamluanvan.net Viết thuê luận văn
Luận Văn Group hỗ trợ viết luận văn thạc sĩ,chuyên đề,khóa luận tốt nghiệp, báo cáo thực tập, Assignment, Essay
Zalo/Sdt 0967 538 624/ 0886 091 915 Website:lamluanvan.net
Tham gia nhóm hỗ trợ viết bài fb: https://www.facebook.com/groups/285625754522599?locale=vi_VNSWAIAP Fraud Risk Mitigation Prof Oyedokun.pptx
SWAIAP Fraud Risk Mitigation Prof Oyedokun.pptxGodwin Emmanuel Oyedokun MBA MSc PhD FCA FCTI FCNA CFE FFAR
Lecture slide titled Fraud Risk Mitigation, Webinar Lecture Delivered at the Society for West African Internal Audit Practitioners (SWAIAP) on Wednesday, November 8, 2023.
Pensions and housing - Pensions PlayPen - 4 June 2024 v3 (1).pdf
Wayhome's analysis of the UK market and how pension schemes can help solve the problems it presents younger people
What's a worker’s market? Job quality and labour market tightness
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In a tight labour market, job-seekers gain bargaining power and leverage it into greater job quality—at least, that’s the conventional wisdom.
Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...AntoniaOwensDetwiler
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.一比一原版(UoB毕业证)伯明翰大学毕业证如何办理
UoB本科学位证成绩单【微信95270640】伯明翰大学没毕业>办理伯明翰大学毕业证成绩单【微信UoB】UoB毕业证成绩单UoB学历证书UoB文凭《UoB毕业套号文凭网认证伯明翰大学毕业证成绩单》《哪里买伯明翰大学毕业证文凭UoB成绩学校快递邮寄信封》《开版伯明翰大学文凭》UoB留信认证本科硕士学历认证
如果您是以下情况，我们都能竭诚为您解决实际问题：【公司采用定金+余款的付款流程，以最大化保障您的利益，让您放心无忧】
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4、回国时间很长，忘记办理；
5、回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
6、企事业单位必须要求办理的；
面向美国乔治城大学毕业留学生提供以下服务:
【★伯明翰大学伯明翰大学硕士毕业证成绩单毕业证、成绩单等全套材料，从防伪到印刷，从水印到钢印烫金，与学校100%相同】
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【★真实留信认证，留信网入库存档，可查伯明翰大学伯明翰大学硕士毕业证成绩单】
我们从事工作十余年的有着丰富经验的业务顾问，熟悉海外各国大学的学制及教育体系，并且以挂科生解决毕业材料不全问题为基础，为客户量身定制1对1方案，未能毕业的回国留学生成功搭建回国顺利发展所需的桥梁。我们一直努力以高品质的教育为起点，以诚信、专业、高效、创新作为一切的行动宗旨，始终把“诚信为主、质量为本、客户第一”作为我们全部工作的出发点和归宿点。同时为海内外留学生提供大学毕业证购买、补办成绩单及各类分数修改等服务；归国认证方面，提供《留信网入库》申请、《国外学历学位认证》申请以及真实学籍办理等服务，帮助众多莘莘学子实现了一个又一个梦想。
专业服务，请勿犹豫联系我
如果您真实毕业回国，对于学历认证无从下手，请联系我，我们免费帮您递交
诚招代理：本公司诚聘当地代理人员，如果你有业余时间，或者你有同学朋友需要，有兴趣就请联系我
你赢我赢，共创双赢
你做代理，可以帮助伯明翰大学同学朋友
你做代理，可以拯救伯明翰大学失足青年
你做代理，可以挽救伯明翰大学一个个人才
你做代理，你将是别人人生伯明翰大学的转折点
你做代理，可以改变自己，改变他人，给他人和自己一个机会大块就啃啃得满嘴满脸猴屁股般的红艳大家一个劲地指着对方吃吃地笑瓜裂得古怪奇形怪状却丝毫不影响瓜味甜丝丝的满嘴生津遍地都是瓜横七竖八的活像掷满了一地的大石块摘走二三只爷爷是断然发现不了的即便发现爷爷也不恼反而教山娃辨认孰熟孰嫩孰甜孰淡名义上是护瓜往往在瓜棚里坐上一刻饱吃一顿后山娃就领着阿黑漫山遍野地跑阿黑是一条黑色的大猎狗挺机灵的是山娃多年的忠实伙伴平时山娃上学阿黑也摇头晃脑地跟去暑假用不着上学阿钩
WhatsPump Thriving in the Whirlwind of Biden’s Crypto Roller Coaster
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Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...
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1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdf
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This assessment plan proposal is to outline a structured approach to evaluati...
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Benefit Cost Analysis in the Marine Navigation Sector
- 1. Why Doesn't Anyone Compare Navigation Benefit/Cost Analysis Strategies? Smart Rivers 2017 Doug Scheffler, Bruce Lambert, Marty Hettel Presented by Mark J Carr
- 2. Who in this group: •Does BCA: •On construction? •On O&M? •On Enviro?
- 3. Who in this group: Is early in their research careers or looking for a new horizon? Thinks the study of BCA “refinements and nuances” are rich enough for a career?
- 4. Credits: Meaningful ideas are Doug Scheffler’s, Bruce Lambert’s and Marty Hettel’s. Crazy ideas are mine alone.
- 5. One stakeholders’ benefit is another’s cost Law (…to every whomsoever they accrue.) OMB direction Economic standing assumptions
- 6. One stakeholders’ benefit is another’s cost Can you switch the positions and analyze anew?
- 7. Numbers and narrative Each can illuminate or obscure Combined effectively, solid figures and compelling stories persuade and defend. Congress Administration Public
- 8. Beneficiaries work of Larry Bray Shows billions in benefits of the pooled water Municipal water supply; industrial and utility cooling; irrigation; recreation; property value increases; others These sectors include rate-payers or other taxable entities. Those beneficiaries’ federal tax payments the justification for the federal share of L&D
- 9. Beneficiaries work of Larry Bray No other beneficiaries directly pay PPP with inland maritime is the $.29 diesel fee
- 10. Why are there inconsistencies in discounting and other assumptions? When an entity asserts that “We’re different,” hold onto your wallet DOD personnel records data systems is poster child of this inwardly-focused myth USACE consideration of national and regional economic benefits may be inconsistent with considerations for roadways Much mischief in the current Principals and Guidelines Recent attempt to update P&G a sick joke
- 11. Plenty here for academics and practitioners •Road and river inconsistencies •National and regional benefits •Environmental applications •Increasing granularity of analysis •Narrative development in parallel to BCA •More
- 12. Authority – responsibility Questions? Mark J Carr Channel Design Group (.com) DC NOLA StL
Editor's Notes
- America enjoys an abundance of coastlines and inland waterways; and where previous investment in water projects sustains economic activity and national security. Navigation projects especially contribute to nation’s growth, through its linkages to road and rail modes. However, these previously generated benefits will not last indefinitely. Today, governmental decision makers must define and rank the relative merits of both new navigation construction and on-going maintenance projects. This linkage between national modal investments, both within a single mode, but also across modes, represents a rich field for additional research; the presenters call for such sustained action in the subject through this paper demonstrating both the problem and some areas where additional research is required. Various agencies share responsibility for components of the waterway navigation system. Eventually, legislative and regulatory policies codified different evaluation approaches when examining investments in waterways. For example, the Corps of Engineers, state and federal DOTs and the US Office of Management and Budget each rely upon different Benefit/Cost Analysis and multipliers (BCA), sometimes in analyzing the same project. The presenters will identify established ways that BCA approaches are used in navigation related projects. The presenters call for research on how investment decisions and prioritization of inland waterway navigation projects would improve by reconciling inconsistencies between BCA strategies and requirements. The presenters call on researchers to expand work on maritime transportation subjects, such as to identify how to use BCA to account for different agencies requirements; to identify the common areas of consideration; identify false differences between BCA strategies; to demonstrate how these valuations could be expanded to include the true economic alternatives of not only a discreet project, but to also facilitate comparison between alternative projects across a geographic region proposed to meet a transportation requirement.