3. 6 STEPS
01 INITIAL APPROACH
02 RAPID READING
03
READING FOR
COMPREHENSION
04 OUTLINE OR SUMMARY
05 INITIAL MEMORISATION
06
MEMORISATION
AND REVIEW
4. WHAT MATTERS MOST WHEN
STUDYING A TEXT
READING AS THE MAIN INGREDIENT
Study techniques are not just outlines and summaries. Of the many mistakes made,
the most important one is the lack of reading for understanding.
The following steps are usually followed:
1. Reading superficially once or twice
2. Drawing up an outline which does not serve as a script
3. Trying to memorise again and again, unsuccessfully. A lot of time is usually
devoted to the final point. However, reading must be the basis: it is very hard
to assimilate information which is not understood
6. STEP 01
INITIAL APPROACH TO THE TEXT
Take a quick look before you start reading, like warming up before a race. Important
to revise:
● The title: What is the text about? What am I going to learn?
● The sections and subsections it consists of
● Important boxes, tables or graphs
Deduce in a few minutes the theme of the text. If the theme is of interest, it can be
used to look for additional information, relate with prior information (for example, if
it is the theme of a subject, relate with a previous or subsequent theme). If it is a
theme with lots of sections and subsections, before carrying on, a short table of
contents can be drawn up ONLY with the titles and leave it visible whilst carrying
out the successive readings. It is important to devote the necessary time to this
step: the more complex the text, the more necessary this is
8. STEP 02
RAPID READING
Normal or superficial reading, without stopping anywhere to underline or note
down, but reading the full text from start to finish. This stage will be the warming up
10. STEP 03
READING FOR COMPREHENSION
This is not just one reading, but there is no specific number. It means reading in
detail, paragraph by paragraph, word by word, inspecting the text and taking out all
the information required to understand it as clearly as possible
This reading includes:
● Underlining and highlighting: there is no perfect way of underlining, but it is
important for the underlining to offer the visual information required to, in just
one glance, remember and locate relevant information, which will facilitate the
next step.
● Notes in the margin
● Search for information
12. STEP 04
OUTLINE OR SUMMARY
Don’t do it until you have understood fully. Differentiating between the outline that
you do for your teacher and the one you do for yourself. The latter should be
personalised. Although there are several types (summary, development outline, key
outline…), each person must use whatever helps them most (which shall also
depend on the study objective)
What matters most is for the outline to be used as a script to be memorised:
1. The aim is to reduce the text information and be left with something smaller,
but which contains all the information which needs to be remembered
2. A good outline must be effective: a script so you don’t have to go back to the
text every time
14. STEP 05
INITIAL MEMORISATION
Use the outline or summary as a script and verify whether it can be used to
remember what was read. If you need to go to the text constantly to remember,
then the outline is not effective. You will have to include the information that is
missing
16. PASO 6
MEMORIZACIÓN Y REPASO
● You can study in a quiet voice, but talk out loud (which is called the
production effect). It is more effective to move around the room talking out
loud, act like the teacher, record a video or audio or present to someone else
● Studying in motion also promotes memorisation
● A review is the successive memorisation repetitions on subsequent days
● It is important to study sufficiently in advance to carry out the necessary
reviews before the day of the exam
17. FINAL TIPS
HOW AND HOW MUCH TO STUDY
COMPLEXITY OF THE CONTEXT STUDENT’S ABILITY
CONCENTRATION LEVEL STUDY OBJECTIVE
The number of readings required shall depend on:
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