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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Yocto Project
un generatore automatico di
distribuzioni linux embedded
Marco Cavallini
2
 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Agenda
Linux embedded
Sistemi di generazione automatica
Yocto Project
Storia
OpenEmbedded
Panoramica
Recipes, Layers, Classes, etc...
Configurazione
Installazione
git clone
Utilizzo
bitbake
Tools
HOB, Toaster
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
4
 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Requisiti Linux Embedded
I requisiti indispensabili per un sistema linux embedded sono:
Dimensione contenuta
Busybox, etc...
Riproducibilità
Automatic build system
Affidabilità
Cross-compilation toolchain
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Creazione di una distribuzione
Approcci per creare una distribuzione Linux embedded :
Do It Yourself (DIY) Linux From Scratch (LFS)
Downscaling (Debian, Fedora, Slack)
Distro ARM preesistenti (Debian, Fedora)
Tools per generazione automatica...
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Build Tools
Alcuni dei più noti tool per la generazione automatica di sistemi
Linux embedded sono:
Crosstool (the precursor)
Crosstool­ng
PTXdist
Scratchbox
uClinux
OpenWRT
T2 Project
LTIB (Linux Target Image Builder)
EmDebian
Buildroot
OpenEmbedded
Yocto Project (Poky)
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
OpenEmbedded: storia
Altre distribuzioni hanno iniziato ad adottare OE: Unslug,
OpenSimpad, GPE Phone Edition, Ångström, OpenMoko e KaeilOS.
Ognuna di queste distribuzioni apporta il proprio bagaglio di
esperienze e di specifiche esigenze al progetto OE, aggiungendo
pacchetti e architetture supportate.
Il progetto OpenEmbedded è stato creato
originariamente nel 2003 da un gruppo di
sviluppatori del progetto OpenZaurus ed in
particolare da Chris Larson (overall architecture),
Holger Schurig (first implementation), e Michael
Lauer (first loads of packages and classes).
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Poky linux Yocto Project
OpenEmbedded, Poky, Yocto
Time
2003 2011
Open Zaurus
OpenEmbedded
(oe­classic)
oe­meta
poky
oe­core
meta...
meta­yocto
meta­yocto­bsp
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Build system - concetti
Il concetto sviluppato dai Build System, è di prendere del software
e creare qualcosa che si può eseguire su un altro dispositivo.
Host Target
Serial / 
Ethernet 
connection
PC x86
Embedded system
ARM, MIPS, x86, etc...
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Aspetti critici
Nel caso di sistemi embedded, ciò che rende difficile queste
procedure sono i seguenti aspetti:
Cross-compilazione: cross-compilare è difficile, e molto software
non ha alcun supporto per la cross-compilazione - tutti i pacchetti
inclusi nel OE sono cross-compilati;
Target e l'Host sono diversi: questo significa che non è possibile
compilare un programma e poi eseguirlo – esso è compilato per
funzionare con il sistema target, non sul sistema di Host di
compilazione.
Toolchains (compilatore, linker, ecc...) sono spesso difficili da
compilare. Le cross toolchains sono ancora più difficili. In genere si
tende a scaricare una toolchain fatta da qualcun altro.
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Caratteristiche
Naturalmente c'è molto di più che la semplice compilazione dei
pacchetti, alcune delle caratteristiche supportate comprendono:
Supporto per glibc e uclibc e recentemente elibc;
Generazione per diversi dispositivi target da un'unica base di
codice;
Automatizzare tutto ciò che è necessario per compilare e/o
eseguire il pacchetto (compilare le sue dipendenze);
Creazione di immagini disco flash (jffs2, ext2, gz, UBI, ecc...)
Supporto per vari formati di pacchettizzazione;
Costruzione automatica di tutti gli strumenti di cross-compilazione
necessari;
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Definizioni...
Yocto Project & OpenEmbedded
Definizioni
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Definizioni...
Recipe
Pron. / res pi/ˈ ə (http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/recipe)
Definisce dove scaricare e come compilare pacchetti sorgenti
ed eventuali patches
${LAYERDIR}/recipes-*/*/*.bb
Layer
Definisce liste di meta-pacchetti raggruppati
$HOME/yocto/poky/meta-*
Task
Definisce funzionalità predefinite all'interno di classi
${LAYERDIR}/classes/*.bbclass
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Fasi di generazione - Tasks
Per ogni progetto viene generalmente richiesta la stessa sequenza
dei seguenti compiti:
Scaricare il codice sorgente, e relativi file di supporto (come
initscripts);
Estrarre il codice sorgente e applicare tutte le patch che possono
essere necessarie;
Configurare il software, se necessario (come si fa eseguendo lo
script 'configure');
Compilare il tutto;
Pacchettizzare tutti i file in uno dei formati disponibili, come .deb o
.rpm o .ipk, pronti per l'installazione.
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Tasks - Build steps
do_fetchdo_fetch
STARTSTART
do_unpackdo_unpack
do_patchdo_patch
do_configuredo_configure
do_compiledo_compile
do_stagedo_stage
do_installdo_install
do_packagedo_package
ENDEND
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Layers
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Definizioni...
Image
Definisce liste di meta-pacchetti usati per la generazione
dell'immagine finale del sistema
${LAYERDIR}/recipes-image/*/*.bb
Machine
Definisce il BSP per l'architettura hardware supportata
${LAYERDIR}/conf/machine/*.conf
Distro
La distribuzione definisce tipo e versione dei pacchetti
${LAYERDIR}/conf/distro/*.conf
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Definizioni.
Le impostazioni di MACHINE+DISTRO+IMAGE definiscono come e
cosa generare
MACHINE DISTRO IMAGE
qemu86 poky
at91sama5d3 angstrom
BeagleBone poky core-image-minimal
core-image-minimal
core-image-sato
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Panoramica di Yocto Project
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Sorgenti
24
 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Sorgenti - Fetch
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Sorgenti - Unpack
26
 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Configurazione
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Configurazione dell'utente
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Package feeds
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Package feeds
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Yocto Project reference manual
Per maggiori dettagli
Yocto Project reference manual
http://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/2.0/ref-manual/ref-manual.html
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Installazione
Procedura di installazione di Yocto Project
https://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/current/yocto-project-qs/yocto-project-qs.html
http://wiki.kaeilos.com/index.php/Yocto_Project_my_own_quick_start
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Fasi di utilizzo
Le fasi di utilizzo del sistema di build di Yocto :
Installazione (una sola volta)
Git clone dai repository
Configurazione (una sola volta)
Impostazione di MACHINE+DISTRO
Compilazione (ogni volta che è necessario)
Bitbake <NOME_IMAGE>
34
 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Installazione
Installazione dei pacchetti necessari dal repository della
distribuzione
Ubuntu e Debian
$ sudo apt­get install gawk wget git­core diffstat unzip  
texinfo gcc­multilib build­essential chrpath socat 
libsdl1.2­dev xterm
Fedora
$ sudo dnf install gawk make wget tar bzip2 gzip python  
unzip perl patch diffutils diffstat git cpp gcc gcc­c++ 
glibc­devel texinfo chrpath ccache perl­Data­Dumper 
perl­Text­ParseWords perl­Thread­Queue perl­bignum socat 
findutils which SDL­devel xterm
35
 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Installazione
Scaricamento sorgenti di Yocto dal repository git
$ mkdir $HOME/yocto
$ cd $HOME/yocto
$ git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky ­b krogoth
 Cloning into 'poky'...
 remote: Counting objects: 226790, done.
 remote: Compressing objects: 100% (57465/57465), done.
 remote: Total 226790 (delta 165212), reused 225887 (delta 164327)
 Receiving objects: 100% (226790/226790), 100.98 MiB | 263 KiB/s, done.
 Resolving deltas: 100% (165212/165212), done.
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Installazione
Albero dei sorgenti scaricati
$ .
   └── poky
       bitbake├──
       documentation├──
       LICENSE├──
       meta├──
       meta­hob├──
       meta­skeleton├──
       meta­yocto├──
       meta­yocto­bsp├──
       oe­init­build­env├──
       README├──
       README.hardware├──
       scripts └──
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Installazione
Layer aggiuntivi (opzionali)
$ cd $HOME/yocto/poky
$ git clone git://git.openembedded.org/meta­openembedded ­b krogoth
$ cd $HOME/yocto/poky
$ git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/meta­fsl­arm ­b krogoth
$ git clone https://github.com/Freescale/meta­fsl­arm­extra.git ­b krogoth
$ cd $HOME/yocto/poky
$ git clone https://github.com/meta­qt5/meta­qt5.git ­b krogoth 
38
 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Installazione
Albero con i layer aggiuntivi opzionali
$ .
   └── poky
       bitbake├──
       documentation├──
       LICENSE├──
       meta├──
       meta­hob├──
       ├── meta­fsl­arm
       ├── meta­fsl­arm­extra
       ├── meta­openembedded/
       ├── meta­qt5
       meta­skeleton├──
       meta­yocto├──
       meta­yocto­bsp├──
       oe­init­build­env├──
       README├──
       README.hardware├──
       scripts └──
39
 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Installazione
Prima inizializzazione
Questa procedura inizializza il sistema
Deve essere eseguita ogni volta che si avvia una console
   $ cd $HOME/yocto/poky
   $ source ./oe­init­build­env 
40
 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Installazione
Directory di build
   └── poky
       bitbake├──
       ├── build             <----- lanciare bitbake dentro questa dir
       documentation├──
       LICENSE├──
       meta├──
       meta­hob├──
       ├── meta­fsl­arm
       ├── meta­fsl­arm­extra
       ├── meta­openembedded/
       ├── meta­qt5
       meta­skeleton├──
       meta­yocto├──
       meta­yocto­bsp├──
       oe­init­build­env├──
       README├──
       README.hardware├──
       scripts └──
41
 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Configurazione
E' necessario configurare due files
build/conf/bblayers.conf
build/conf/local.conf 
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Configurazione
Editare il file : build/conf/bblayers.conf
BBLAYERS ?= " 
/home/tux/yocto/poky/meta 
/home/tux/yocto/poky/meta­yocto 
/home/tux/yocto/poky/meta­yocto­bsp 
/home/tux/yocto/poky/meta­openembedded/meta­oe 
/home/tux/yocto/poky/meta­fsl­arm 
/home/tux/yocto/poky/meta­fsl­arm­extra 
"
 
43
 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Configurazione
Editare il file : build/conf/local.conf
Cambiare I seguenti valori
 PACKAGE_CLASSES ?= "package_ipk"
 MACHINE ?= "beaglebone"
 
44
 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Compilazione
Verificare sempre:
1. Impostazione dell'ambiente di sviluppo
       $ cd $HOME/yocto/poky
2. Impostazione della directory di build
       $ source ./oe­init­build­env 
 
45
 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Compilazione
A questo punto possiamo creare la nostra prima immagine
Saremo nella directory di build
       $HOME/yocto/poky/build
E potremo lanciare bitbake
       $ bitbake core­image­minimal 
 
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Compilazione
$ bitbake core­image­minimal
Parsing recipes: 100% |#############################################################| Time: 00:00:56
Parsing of 899 .bb files complete (0 cached, 899 parsed). 1330 targets, 38 skipped, 0 masked, 0 errors.
NOTE: Resolving any missing task queue dependencies
Build Configuration:
BB_VERSION        = "1.28.0"
BUILD_SYS         = "i686­linux"
NATIVELSBSTRING   = "Ubuntu­14.04"
TARGET_SYS        = "i586­poky­linux"
MACHINE           = "beaglebone"
DISTRO            = "poky"
DISTRO_VERSION    = "2.0.1"
TUNE_FEATURES     = "m32 i586"
TARGET_FPU        = ""
meta              
meta­yocto        
meta­yocto­bsp    = "jethro:6dba9abd43f7584178de52b623c603a5d4fcec5c"
NOTE: Preparing RunQueue
NOTE: Executing SetScene Tasks
NOTE: Executing RunQueue Tasks
Currently 4 running tasks (14 of 2050):
0: quilt­native­0.64­r0 do_compile (pid 3651)
1: autoconf­native­2.69­r11 do_fetch (pid 3653)
2: automake­native­1.15­r0 do_fetch (pid 3654)
3: libtool­native­2.4.6­r0 do_fetch (pid 3680) 
47
 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Risultato della compilazione
$ cd $HOME/yocto/poky/build/tmp/deploy/images/beaglebone
core­image­minimal­beaglebone.jffs2
core­image­minimal­beaglebone.manifest
core­image­minimal­beaglebone.tar.bz2
MLO
README_­_DO_NOT_DELETE_FILES_IN_THIS_DIRECTORY.txt
u­boot.img
zImage
zImage­am335x­boneblack.dtb
lista dei files ridotta
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Contenuto della microSD
MLO
u­boot.img
zImage
am335x­boneblack.dtb
uEenv.txt
Root filesystem
(ext4)
core­image­minimal­beaglebone
ext4
FAT16
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Creazione del cross-compilatore
Yocto ci permette di creare un cross-compilatore
       
       $ bitbake meta­toolchain 
 
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Cross-Development Toolchain
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Installazione del cross-compilatore
Installazione del cross-compilatore (redistribuzione)
       
$ cd $HOME/yocto/poky/build/tmp/deploy/sdk
$ ./poky­glibc­x86_64­meta­toolchain­cortexa8hf­vfp­
neon­toolchain­2.0.1.sh
Verrà installato in /opt/poky/2.0.1
       
 
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Installazione del cross-compilatore
Il cross-compilatore verrà installato in        
/opt/poky/2.0.1/
E potrà essere usato dopo aver impostato
$ source /opt/poky/2.0.1/environment­setup­
cortexa8hf­vfp­neon­poky­linux­gnueabi
  
 
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Configurazione - menuconfig
Configurazione tramite un'interfaccia a caratteri “menuconfig”.
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Configurazione - HOB
Configurazione tramite pacchetto “HOB”.
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Toaster
Configurazione tramite pacchetto “Toaster”.
https://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/2.0/toaster-manual/toaster-manual.html
Django is a high-level Python Web framework that encourages rapid
development and clean, pragmatic design. Built by experienced
developers, it takes care of much of the hassle of Web development,
so you can focus on writing your app without needing to reinvent
the wheel. It’s free and open source.
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Toaster - Configurazione
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Libri
Embedded Linux Development with Yocto Project, by Otavio Salvador and
Daiane Agolini
Embedded Linux Projects Using Yocto Project Cookbook, by Alex Gonzaléz ***
Learning Embedded Linux using the Yocto Project, by Alexandru Vaduva
Using Yocto Project with BeagleBone Black, by H M Irfan Sadiq
Yocto for Raspberry Pi, by Pierre-Jean Texier and Petter Mabäcker
***
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
http://yoctoproject.org
Domande?
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 KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
Rights to copy
Attribution – ShareAlike 3.0
You are free
to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work
to make derivative works
to make commercial use of the work
Under the following conditions
Attribution. You must give the original author credit.
Share Alike. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you
may distribute the resulting work only under a license identical to
this one.
For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license
terms of this work.
Any of these conditions can be waived if you get permission from the
copyright holder.
Your fair use and other rights are in no way affected by the above.
License text: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode
© Copyright 2016, Marco Cavallini - KOAN sas
m.cavallini <AT> koansoftware.com
Corrections, suggestions,
contributions and translations are welcome!
ftp://ftp.koansoftware.com/public/talks/LinuxDay2016/
Custom Development
System integration
BSP creation fir new boards
System optimization
Linux kernel drivers
Application and interface development
KOAN services
Technical Support
Development tool and application support
Issue investigation and solution follow­up with 
mainstream developers
Help getting started
Embedded Linux Training
Unix and GNU/Linux basics
Linux kernel and drivers development
Real­time Linux
Yocto Project
Development and profiling tools
Lightweight tools for embedded systems
Root filesystem creation
Audio and multimedia
System optimization
Consulting
Help in decision making
System architecture
Identification of suitable technologies
Managing licensing requirements
System design and performance review
http://koansoftware.com

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Linux day 2016 Yocto Project

  • 1. 1  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Yocto Project un generatore automatico di distribuzioni linux embedded Marco Cavallini
  • 2. 2  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Agenda Linux embedded Sistemi di generazione automatica Yocto Project Storia OpenEmbedded Panoramica Recipes, Layers, Classes, etc... Configurazione Installazione git clone Utilizzo bitbake Tools HOB, Toaster
  • 3. 3  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
  • 4. 4  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Requisiti Linux Embedded I requisiti indispensabili per un sistema linux embedded sono: Dimensione contenuta Busybox, etc... Riproducibilità Automatic build system Affidabilità Cross-compilation toolchain
  • 5. 5  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Creazione di una distribuzione Approcci per creare una distribuzione Linux embedded : Do It Yourself (DIY) Linux From Scratch (LFS) Downscaling (Debian, Fedora, Slack) Distro ARM preesistenti (Debian, Fedora) Tools per generazione automatica...
  • 6. 6  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Build Tools Alcuni dei più noti tool per la generazione automatica di sistemi Linux embedded sono: Crosstool (the precursor) Crosstool­ng PTXdist Scratchbox uClinux OpenWRT T2 Project LTIB (Linux Target Image Builder) EmDebian Buildroot OpenEmbedded Yocto Project (Poky)
  • 7. 7  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com OpenEmbedded: storia Altre distribuzioni hanno iniziato ad adottare OE: Unslug, OpenSimpad, GPE Phone Edition, Ångström, OpenMoko e KaeilOS. Ognuna di queste distribuzioni apporta il proprio bagaglio di esperienze e di specifiche esigenze al progetto OE, aggiungendo pacchetti e architetture supportate. Il progetto OpenEmbedded è stato creato originariamente nel 2003 da un gruppo di sviluppatori del progetto OpenZaurus ed in particolare da Chris Larson (overall architecture), Holger Schurig (first implementation), e Michael Lauer (first loads of packages and classes).
  • 8. 8  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Poky linux Yocto Project OpenEmbedded, Poky, Yocto Time 2003 2011 Open Zaurus OpenEmbedded (oe­classic) oe­meta poky oe­core meta... meta­yocto meta­yocto­bsp
  • 9. 9  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
  • 10. 10  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Build system - concetti Il concetto sviluppato dai Build System, è di prendere del software e creare qualcosa che si può eseguire su un altro dispositivo. Host Target Serial /  Ethernet  connection PC x86 Embedded system ARM, MIPS, x86, etc...
  • 11. 11  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Aspetti critici Nel caso di sistemi embedded, ciò che rende difficile queste procedure sono i seguenti aspetti: Cross-compilazione: cross-compilare è difficile, e molto software non ha alcun supporto per la cross-compilazione - tutti i pacchetti inclusi nel OE sono cross-compilati; Target e l'Host sono diversi: questo significa che non è possibile compilare un programma e poi eseguirlo – esso è compilato per funzionare con il sistema target, non sul sistema di Host di compilazione. Toolchains (compilatore, linker, ecc...) sono spesso difficili da compilare. Le cross toolchains sono ancora più difficili. In genere si tende a scaricare una toolchain fatta da qualcun altro.
  • 12. 12  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Caratteristiche Naturalmente c'è molto di più che la semplice compilazione dei pacchetti, alcune delle caratteristiche supportate comprendono: Supporto per glibc e uclibc e recentemente elibc; Generazione per diversi dispositivi target da un'unica base di codice; Automatizzare tutto ciò che è necessario per compilare e/o eseguire il pacchetto (compilare le sue dipendenze); Creazione di immagini disco flash (jffs2, ext2, gz, UBI, ecc...) Supporto per vari formati di pacchettizzazione; Costruzione automatica di tutti gli strumenti di cross-compilazione necessari;
  • 13. 13  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
  • 14. 14  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Definizioni... Yocto Project & OpenEmbedded Definizioni
  • 15. 15  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Definizioni... Recipe Pron. / res pi/ˈ ə (http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/recipe) Definisce dove scaricare e come compilare pacchetti sorgenti ed eventuali patches ${LAYERDIR}/recipes-*/*/*.bb Layer Definisce liste di meta-pacchetti raggruppati $HOME/yocto/poky/meta-* Task Definisce funzionalità predefinite all'interno di classi ${LAYERDIR}/classes/*.bbclass
  • 16. 16  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Fasi di generazione - Tasks Per ogni progetto viene generalmente richiesta la stessa sequenza dei seguenti compiti: Scaricare il codice sorgente, e relativi file di supporto (come initscripts); Estrarre il codice sorgente e applicare tutte le patch che possono essere necessarie; Configurare il software, se necessario (come si fa eseguendo lo script 'configure'); Compilare il tutto; Pacchettizzare tutti i file in uno dei formati disponibili, come .deb o .rpm o .ipk, pronti per l'installazione.
  • 17. 17  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Tasks - Build steps do_fetchdo_fetch STARTSTART do_unpackdo_unpack do_patchdo_patch do_configuredo_configure do_compiledo_compile do_stagedo_stage do_installdo_install do_packagedo_package ENDEND
  • 18. 18  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Layers
  • 19. 19  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Definizioni... Image Definisce liste di meta-pacchetti usati per la generazione dell'immagine finale del sistema ${LAYERDIR}/recipes-image/*/*.bb Machine Definisce il BSP per l'architettura hardware supportata ${LAYERDIR}/conf/machine/*.conf Distro La distribuzione definisce tipo e versione dei pacchetti ${LAYERDIR}/conf/distro/*.conf
  • 20. 20  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Definizioni. Le impostazioni di MACHINE+DISTRO+IMAGE definiscono come e cosa generare MACHINE DISTRO IMAGE qemu86 poky at91sama5d3 angstrom BeagleBone poky core-image-minimal core-image-minimal core-image-sato
  • 21. 21  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
  • 22. 22  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Panoramica di Yocto Project
  • 23. 23  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Sorgenti
  • 24. 24  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Sorgenti - Fetch
  • 25. 25  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Sorgenti - Unpack
  • 26. 26  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Configurazione
  • 27. 27  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Configurazione dell'utente
  • 28. 28  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Package feeds
  • 29. 29  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Package feeds
  • 30. 30  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Yocto Project reference manual Per maggiori dettagli Yocto Project reference manual http://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/2.0/ref-manual/ref-manual.html
  • 31. 31  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
  • 32. 32  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Installazione Procedura di installazione di Yocto Project https://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/current/yocto-project-qs/yocto-project-qs.html http://wiki.kaeilos.com/index.php/Yocto_Project_my_own_quick_start
  • 33. 33  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Fasi di utilizzo Le fasi di utilizzo del sistema di build di Yocto : Installazione (una sola volta) Git clone dai repository Configurazione (una sola volta) Impostazione di MACHINE+DISTRO Compilazione (ogni volta che è necessario) Bitbake <NOME_IMAGE>
  • 34. 34  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Installazione Installazione dei pacchetti necessari dal repository della distribuzione Ubuntu e Debian $ sudo apt­get install gawk wget git­core diffstat unzip   texinfo gcc­multilib build­essential chrpath socat  libsdl1.2­dev xterm Fedora $ sudo dnf install gawk make wget tar bzip2 gzip python   unzip perl patch diffutils diffstat git cpp gcc gcc­c++  glibc­devel texinfo chrpath ccache perl­Data­Dumper  perl­Text­ParseWords perl­Thread­Queue perl­bignum socat  findutils which SDL­devel xterm
  • 35. 35  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Installazione Scaricamento sorgenti di Yocto dal repository git $ mkdir $HOME/yocto $ cd $HOME/yocto $ git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky ­b krogoth  Cloning into 'poky'...  remote: Counting objects: 226790, done.  remote: Compressing objects: 100% (57465/57465), done.  remote: Total 226790 (delta 165212), reused 225887 (delta 164327)  Receiving objects: 100% (226790/226790), 100.98 MiB | 263 KiB/s, done.  Resolving deltas: 100% (165212/165212), done.
  • 36. 36  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Installazione Albero dei sorgenti scaricati $ .    └── poky        bitbake├──        documentation├──        LICENSE├──        meta├──        meta­hob├──        meta­skeleton├──        meta­yocto├──        meta­yocto­bsp├──        oe­init­build­env├──        README├──        README.hardware├──        scripts └──
  • 37. 37  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Installazione Layer aggiuntivi (opzionali) $ cd $HOME/yocto/poky $ git clone git://git.openembedded.org/meta­openembedded ­b krogoth $ cd $HOME/yocto/poky $ git clone git://git.yoctoproject.org/meta­fsl­arm ­b krogoth $ git clone https://github.com/Freescale/meta­fsl­arm­extra.git ­b krogoth $ cd $HOME/yocto/poky $ git clone https://github.com/meta­qt5/meta­qt5.git ­b krogoth 
  • 38. 38  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Installazione Albero con i layer aggiuntivi opzionali $ .    └── poky        bitbake├──        documentation├──        LICENSE├──        meta├──        meta­hob├──        ├── meta­fsl­arm        ├── meta­fsl­arm­extra        ├── meta­openembedded/        ├── meta­qt5        meta­skeleton├──        meta­yocto├──        meta­yocto­bsp├──        oe­init­build­env├──        README├──        README.hardware├──        scripts └──
  • 39. 39  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Installazione Prima inizializzazione Questa procedura inizializza il sistema Deve essere eseguita ogni volta che si avvia una console    $ cd $HOME/yocto/poky    $ source ./oe­init­build­env 
  • 40. 40  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Installazione Directory di build    └── poky        bitbake├──        ├── build             <----- lanciare bitbake dentro questa dir        documentation├──        LICENSE├──        meta├──        meta­hob├──        ├── meta­fsl­arm        ├── meta­fsl­arm­extra        ├── meta­openembedded/        ├── meta­qt5        meta­skeleton├──        meta­yocto├──        meta­yocto­bsp├──        oe­init­build­env├──        README├──        README.hardware├──        scripts └──
  • 41. 41  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Configurazione E' necessario configurare due files build/conf/bblayers.conf build/conf/local.conf 
  • 42. 42  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Configurazione Editare il file : build/conf/bblayers.conf BBLAYERS ?= "  /home/tux/yocto/poky/meta  /home/tux/yocto/poky/meta­yocto  /home/tux/yocto/poky/meta­yocto­bsp  /home/tux/yocto/poky/meta­openembedded/meta­oe  /home/tux/yocto/poky/meta­fsl­arm  /home/tux/yocto/poky/meta­fsl­arm­extra  "  
  • 43. 43  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Configurazione Editare il file : build/conf/local.conf Cambiare I seguenti valori  PACKAGE_CLASSES ?= "package_ipk"  MACHINE ?= "beaglebone"  
  • 44. 44  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Compilazione Verificare sempre: 1. Impostazione dell'ambiente di sviluppo        $ cd $HOME/yocto/poky 2. Impostazione della directory di build        $ source ./oe­init­build­env   
  • 45. 45  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Compilazione A questo punto possiamo creare la nostra prima immagine Saremo nella directory di build        $HOME/yocto/poky/build E potremo lanciare bitbake        $ bitbake core­image­minimal   
  • 46. 46  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Compilazione $ bitbake core­image­minimal Parsing recipes: 100% |#############################################################| Time: 00:00:56 Parsing of 899 .bb files complete (0 cached, 899 parsed). 1330 targets, 38 skipped, 0 masked, 0 errors. NOTE: Resolving any missing task queue dependencies Build Configuration: BB_VERSION        = "1.28.0" BUILD_SYS         = "i686­linux" NATIVELSBSTRING   = "Ubuntu­14.04" TARGET_SYS        = "i586­poky­linux" MACHINE           = "beaglebone" DISTRO            = "poky" DISTRO_VERSION    = "2.0.1" TUNE_FEATURES     = "m32 i586" TARGET_FPU        = "" meta               meta­yocto         meta­yocto­bsp    = "jethro:6dba9abd43f7584178de52b623c603a5d4fcec5c" NOTE: Preparing RunQueue NOTE: Executing SetScene Tasks NOTE: Executing RunQueue Tasks Currently 4 running tasks (14 of 2050): 0: quilt­native­0.64­r0 do_compile (pid 3651) 1: autoconf­native­2.69­r11 do_fetch (pid 3653) 2: automake­native­1.15­r0 do_fetch (pid 3654) 3: libtool­native­2.4.6­r0 do_fetch (pid 3680) 
  • 47. 47  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Risultato della compilazione $ cd $HOME/yocto/poky/build/tmp/deploy/images/beaglebone core­image­minimal­beaglebone.jffs2 core­image­minimal­beaglebone.manifest core­image­minimal­beaglebone.tar.bz2 MLO README_­_DO_NOT_DELETE_FILES_IN_THIS_DIRECTORY.txt u­boot.img zImage zImage­am335x­boneblack.dtb lista dei files ridotta
  • 48. 48  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Contenuto della microSD MLO u­boot.img zImage am335x­boneblack.dtb uEenv.txt Root filesystem (ext4) core­image­minimal­beaglebone ext4 FAT16
  • 49. 49  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
  • 50. 50  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Creazione del cross-compilatore Yocto ci permette di creare un cross-compilatore                $ bitbake meta­toolchain   
  • 51. 51  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Cross-Development Toolchain
  • 52. 52  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Installazione del cross-compilatore Installazione del cross-compilatore (redistribuzione)         $ cd $HOME/yocto/poky/build/tmp/deploy/sdk $ ./poky­glibc­x86_64­meta­toolchain­cortexa8hf­vfp­ neon­toolchain­2.0.1.sh Verrà installato in /opt/poky/2.0.1          
  • 53. 53  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Installazione del cross-compilatore Il cross-compilatore verrà installato in         /opt/poky/2.0.1/ E potrà essere usato dopo aver impostato $ source /opt/poky/2.0.1/environment­setup­ cortexa8hf­vfp­neon­poky­linux­gnueabi     
  • 54. 54  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
  • 55. 55  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Configurazione - menuconfig Configurazione tramite un'interfaccia a caratteri “menuconfig”.
  • 56. 56  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Configurazione - HOB Configurazione tramite pacchetto “HOB”.
  • 57. 57  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Toaster Configurazione tramite pacchetto “Toaster”. https://www.yoctoproject.org/docs/2.0/toaster-manual/toaster-manual.html Django is a high-level Python Web framework that encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design. Built by experienced developers, it takes care of much of the hassle of Web development, so you can focus on writing your app without needing to reinvent the wheel. It’s free and open source.
  • 58. 58  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Toaster - Configurazione
  • 59. 59  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com
  • 60. 60  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Libri Embedded Linux Development with Yocto Project, by Otavio Salvador and Daiane Agolini Embedded Linux Projects Using Yocto Project Cookbook, by Alex Gonzaléz *** Learning Embedded Linux using the Yocto Project, by Alexandru Vaduva Using Yocto Project with BeagleBone Black, by H M Irfan Sadiq Yocto for Raspberry Pi, by Pierre-Jean Texier and Petter Mabäcker ***
  • 61. 61  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com http://yoctoproject.org Domande?
  • 62. 62  KOAN - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support http//KoanSoftware.com Rights to copy Attribution – ShareAlike 3.0 You are free to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work to make derivative works to make commercial use of the work Under the following conditions Attribution. You must give the original author credit. Share Alike. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under a license identical to this one. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Your fair use and other rights are in no way affected by the above. License text: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode © Copyright 2016, Marco Cavallini - KOAN sas m.cavallini <AT> koansoftware.com Corrections, suggestions, contributions and translations are welcome! ftp://ftp.koansoftware.com/public/talks/LinuxDay2016/
  • 63. Custom Development System integration BSP creation fir new boards System optimization Linux kernel drivers Application and interface development KOAN services Technical Support Development tool and application support Issue investigation and solution follow­up with  mainstream developers Help getting started Embedded Linux Training Unix and GNU/Linux basics Linux kernel and drivers development Real­time Linux Yocto Project Development and profiling tools Lightweight tools for embedded systems Root filesystem creation Audio and multimedia System optimization Consulting Help in decision making System architecture Identification of suitable technologies Managing licensing requirements System design and performance review http://koansoftware.com