about exchange rate and interest rate

1. Exchange Rate Risk
and Interest Rate:
A Case Study for Turkey.
Presented By-
Pravneet Kaur (11403528)
Rishav Raj (11401746)
Priya Bansal (11401563)
Priyanka Bajaj (11401740)

2. Introduction
A Comprehensive package was provided for the same which included:
 Devaluation of Turkish Lira
 Institution of flexible exchange rates
 Maintenance of Positive real interest rates
 Tight control of money supply and credit
 Elimination of subsidies
 Freeing of prices charged by the state enterprises
 Reform of tax systems
 Encouragement of foreign investment
1980- Reform program to shift Turkey’s economy towards export led growth.
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3. Liberalization program in 1983.
It enabled Turkey to borrow in International capital markets.
But, rise in merchandise exports was less than that of Merchandise imports.
Between 1981 and 1985,
Real GNP grew 3 percent per year, led by growth in the manufacturing
sector.
Output in manufacturing sector rose by an average rate of 9.1%.
Devaluation of Lira made Turkey more competitive.
As a result exports of manufacturers increased by avg. rate of 45% p.a.
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4. Unemployment and Inflation were serious problems.
Turkish economy was also impacted upon by Persian Gulf war. Loss of
pipeline fees resulted in loss of USD 3 billion in trade with Iraq.
Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and UAE helped Turkey and the economy rose again
by 1992.
Budget deficits were covered due to high credit rating by Wall Street’s
Credit rating agencies in 1992 and 1993.
Accelerated Dollarization of economy (1994).
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5. To recover from its economic problems, government announced certain
measures:
Sharp increase in prices the public-sector enterprises.
Decreases in budgetary expenditures.
Commitment to raise taxes.
Accelerate privatization of state economic enterprises (SEEs).
However, slowdown in government spending resulted in sharp loss in
business confidence and decline in tax revenues.
Combined with stronger private sector, the economy was expected to bounce
back to a pattern of faster growth.
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6. Factors Affecting Exchange Rate
 Differentials in Inflation: Those countries with higher inflation typically
see depreciation in their currency in relation to the currencies of their
trading partners. This is also usually accompanied by higher interest rates.
 Differentials in Interest Rates: Higher interest rates attract foreign capital
and cause the exchange rate to rise & lower interest rates tend to decrease
exchange rates.
 Current-Account Deficits: The excess demand for foreign currency
lowers the country's exchange rate.
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7. Public Debt: Nations with large public deficits and debts are less attractive
to foreign investors. In the worst case scenario, a government may print
money to pay part of a large debt, but increasing the money supply
inevitably causes inflation.
Terms of Trade: Increasing terms of trade shows greater demand for the
country's exports. If the price of exports rises by a smaller rate than that of
its imports, the currency's value will decrease in relation to its trading
partners.
Political Stability and Economic Performance: Political turmoil, for
example, can cause a loss of confidence in a currency and a movement of
capital to the currencies of more stable countries.
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CONTINUED…

8. Effect of Exchange Rate Risk on Interest Rate
Positive relationship between the exchange rate risk and interest rates.
• Exchange
Rate
fluctuations
Introduces
• Risk on return
of an asset in
foreign
currency
Compensated
with • Higher risk
premium
Positive
relation
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9. Interest Rate Parity
Assumption :
capital mobility
 perfect substitutability
 No-arbitrage condition representing an equilibrium state.
A theory in which the interest rate differential between two countries is equal
to the differential between the forward exchange rate and the spot
exchange rate.
When domestic interest rate > foreign interest rate, domestic currency is
expected to depreciate.
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10. Results…
Table A
Explain the relationship between interest rate and exchange rate.
RESULT
 Exchange rate depreciation risk increase the interest rate.
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11. Results…
Table B
 There is a positive relationship between exchange rate risk and interest
rates.
Table C
 Shows the result from the post crisis period.
 Again, Positive relation between exchange rate risk and interest rates.
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12. Conclusion…
Study explain the effect of the exchange rate risk on the interest rate.
Data from Turkey suggests that a higher exchange rate risk increases the
interest rate.
Data from Jan 1995 to 2001 supporting an evidence.
Result become robust after considering the inflation risk.
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13. THANKS
ANY QUESTION?