If you want to take my Online Criminology Course for free you can click here: http://bit.ly/1iaexDD What is really a crime? Is it an action that offends society or it is just a breach of the law? There are many definitions about what crime is and this is the first thing we have to examine before we can understand crime and its context. Criminology, studies the normative crimes, whether they are punishable by law or not. This is why criminology also studies deviant behaviors even though they are not always considered crime by law. For Rafaelle Garofalo crime is only the “natural crime”. Thus crime is a trait, characteristic, or behavior that exists across cultures, regardless of the nuances of a given context. It is the act that offences the basic moral sentiments of pity (pieta) and probity (probita) of the others. Edwin Sutherland indicated the “social nature of crime”. Crime is a social phenomenon which is consisted from the following characteristics: - A value - An isolation or a cultural conflict - A coercion To find out more you can take my Online Criminology Course for free you can click here: http://bit.ly/1iaexDD

1. Emmanouel M. Technitis, LL.M, LL.M, Cert. I.M.
A simple introduction to
CRIMINOLOGY

2. Emmanouel M. Technitis, LL.M, LL.M, Cert. I.M.
2. WHAT IS crime

3. Emmanouel M. Technitis, LL.M, LL.M, Cert. I.M.
WHAT IS crime
• Is every violent behaviour?
• Is every antisocial behaviour?
• Is what the law says it is?

4. Emmanouel M. Technitis, LL.M, LL.M, Cert. I.M.
WHAT IS crime
• Is every violent behaviour?
• Is every antisocial behaviour?
• Is what the law says it is?
Not

5. only

6. and

7. not

8. necessary.

9. Crimes,

10. are

11. not

12.
only

13. the

14. violent

15. behaviours

16. and

17. sometime

18. a

19.
violent

20. behaviour

21. might

22. not

23. be

24. a

25. crime

26. (if

27.
someone

28. is

29. in

30. self-defence

31. Emmanouel M. Technitis, LL.M, LL.M, Cert. I.M.
WHAT IS crime
• Is every violent behaviour?
• Is every antisocial behaviour?
• Is what the law says it is?
Not

32. only

33. and

34. not

35. necessary.

36. Crimes,

37. are

38. not

39.
only

40. the

41. violent

42. behaviours

43. and

44. sometime

45. a

46.
violent

47. behaviour

48. might

49. not

50. be

51. a

52. crime

53. (if

54.
someone

55. is

56. in

57. self-defence
Something

58. antisocial

59. may

60. not

61. always

62. be

63. a

64. crime.

65. A

66.
person

67. who

68. is

69. a

70. little

71. “weird”

72. does

73. not

74. always

75.
commit

76. a

77. crime.

78. An

79. antisocial

80. act

81. might

82. just

83. be

84. a

85.
deviant

86. act

87. like

88. running

89. with

90. a

91. car

92. with

93. high

94.
speed

95. at

96. night.

97. Emmanouel M. Technitis, LL.M, LL.M, Cert. I.M.
WHAT IS crime
• Is every violent behaviour?
• Is every antisocial behaviour?
• Is what the law says it is?
Not

98. only

99. and

100. not

101. necessary.

102. Crimes,

103. are

104. not

105.
only

106. the

107. violent

108. behaviours

109. and

110. sometime

111. a

112.
violent

113. behaviour

114. might

115. not

116. be

117. a

118. crime

119. (if

120.
someone

121. is

122. in

123. self-defence
Something

124. antisocial

125. may

126. not

127. always

128. be

129. a

130. crime.

131. A

132.
person

133. who

134. is

135. a

136. little

137. “weird”

138. does

139. not

140. always

141.
commit

142. a

143. crime.

144. An

145. antisocial

146. act

147. might

148. just

149. be

150. a

151.
deviant

152. act

153. like

154. running

155. with

156. a

157. car

158. with

159. high

160.
speed

161. at

162. night.
Maybe…⋯!

163. And

164. maybe

165. not!

166. Emmanouel M. Technitis, LL.M, LL.M, Cert. I.M.
WHAT IS CRIME
Even

167. in

168. ancient

169. ages,

170. before

171. the

172.
states

173. and

174. the

175. Kingdoms,

176. people

177.
had

178. set

179. rules

180. in

181. order

182. to

183. leave

184.
peacefully

185. and

186. safely.

187. They

188. were

189.
not

190. written,

191. instead

192. they

193. had

194.
been

195. set

196. from

197. time

198. to

199. time.

200.
These

201. were

202. their

203. “Norms”.

204. Emmanouel M. Technitis, LL.M, LL.M, Cert. I.M.
WHAT IS CRIME
Even

205. in

206. ancient

207. ages,

208. before

209. the

210.
states

211. and

212. the

213. Kingdoms,

214. people

215.
had

216. set

217. rules

218. in

219. order

220. to

221. leave

222.
peacefully

223. and

224. safely.

225. They

226. were

227.
not

228. written,

229. instead

230. they

231. had

232.
been

233. set

234. from

235. time

236. to

237. time.

238.
These

239. were

240. their

241. “Norms”.
Then,

242. when

243. the

244. states

245. and

246.
kingdoms

247. appeared,

248. they

249. put

250. down

251.
those

252. rules.

253. From

254. that

255. time

256. the

257.
king

258. or

259. the

260. state’

261. s

262.
administrations

263. started

264. stating

265.
more

266. and

267. more

268. written

269. rules,

270.
called

271. “the

272. Law”

273. Emmanouel M. Technitis, LL.M, LL.M, Cert. I.M.
WHAT IS crime
Normative

274. Crime

275. Emmanouel M. Technitis, LL.M, LL.M, Cert. I.M.
WHAT IS crime
Legal

276. Crime

277. Emmanouel M. Technitis, LL.M, LL.M, Cert. I.M.
WHAT IS crime
Legal

278. CrimeNormative

279. Crime

280. Emmanouel M. Technitis, LL.M, LL.M, Cert. I.M.
WHAT IS crime
Normative crime: Is the human behavior which is
antisocial and dangerous for the society because it
creates social harm (near to the consensus view).
Legal Crime: Is every human behavior which is
punishable by the law (near to the conflict view)
(Aleksiades, 2004)

281. Emmanouel M. Technitis, LL.M, LL.M, Cert. I.M.
WHAT IS crime
To put this simple, normative crime is every human
behavior which against the beliefs, the morality and the
rules of society.
On the other hand legal crime is what the law says it is
whether it is an antisocial behavior or not.

282. Emmanouel M. Technitis, LL.M, LL.M, Cert. I.M.
WHAT IS crime
Legal

283. CrimeNormative

284. Crime
Crime

285. which

286. is

287. both

288.
normative

289. and

290. legal

291. Emmanouel M. Technitis, LL.M, LL.M, Cert. I.M.
WHAT IS CRIME
In

292. most

293. occasions,

294. the

295. crime

296. punishable

297. by

298. law

299. is

300. also

301. considered

302.
unmoral

303. and

304. punishable

305. by

306. society.

307. There

308. are

309. some

310. crimes,

311. though,

312.
that

313. even

314. though

315. they

316. are

317. punishable

318. by

319. law,

320. society

321. sees

322. it

323.
otherwise.

324. For

325. example,

326. watching

327. online

328. or

329. downloading

330. movies

331. is

332. a

333.
criminal

334. offence

335. due

336. to

337. copyrights

338. law

339. but

340. the

341. internet

342. users

343.
usually

344. see

345. it

346. as

347. something

348. normal

349. and

350. not

351. as

352. a

353. crime.

354. Emmanouel M. Technitis, LL.M, LL.M, Cert. I.M.
WHAT IS crime
Criminology, studies the normative crimes, whether they
are punishable by law or not. This is why criminology
also studies deviant behaviors even though they are not
always considered crime by law.

355. Emmanouel M. Technitis, LL.M, LL.M, Cert. I.M.
WHAT IS crime
A criminologist’ s perspective always depends of the definition
of the crime which he or she adopts.
Main Views for the definitions crime:
• Conflict View of the crime: Law is a tool of the ruling classes to
control the underclasses and crime is a politically defined
concept
• Consensus View of the crime: The law defines the crime, but
the law itself is defined by the public opinion and therefore
only the unsocial and dangerous behaviors are considered to
be legal crimes. The law is applied to all citizens equally.

356. Emmanouel M. Technitis, LL.M, LL.M, Cert. I.M.
Some definitions about
crime

357. Emmanouel M. Technitis, LL.M, LL.M, Cert. I.M.
DEFINITIONS ABOUT CRIME
Raffaele Garofalo
For Garofalo crime is only the
“natural crime”. Thus crime
is a trait, characteristic, or
behavior that exists across
cultures, regardless of the
nuances of a given context.
It is the act that offences the
basic moral sentiments of pity
(pieta) and probity (probita)
of the others.

358. Emmanouel M. Technitis, LL.M, LL.M, Cert. I.M.
DEFINITIONS ABOUT CRIME
Edwin Sutherland
Sutherland indicated the
“social nature of crime”.
Crime is a social phenomenon
which is consisted from the
following characteristics:
- A value
- An isolation or a cultural
conflict
- A coercion

359. Emmanouel M. Technitis, LL.M, LL.M, Cert. I.M.
DEFINITIONS ABOUT CRIME
Neo-Marxists
(Taylor, Walton
Young)
Crime is a product of the
social system the person is
immersed in. The defining
characteristic of a behavior
as a crime is not the law,
but the behavior itself.

360. Emmanouel M. Technitis, LL.M, LL.M, Cert. I.M.
sources / for further
study
Most of the material presented here was taken by the
following books:
Larry Siegel. 2012. Criminology. Wadsworth
Brown, Esbensen and Geis. 2010. Criminology,
Explaining Crime and Its Context. Anderson Publishing