The presentation gives an idea about the primary requirements for the establishment of a coal based THERMAL POWER STATION. The estimates are quite fair.

1. Basics of Thermal Power Stations
Manohar Tatwawadi
total output power solutions

2. Thermal Power Plant System
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3. Main Requirements
• Fuel Requirement (Coal)
• Land Requirement
• Water Requirement
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4. Fuel (Coal) Requirement
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5. Fuel (Coal) Requirement
The following is a rough calculation with some
assumptions, as indicated.
• A 500 MW power plant gives the electrical power
output of the plant. Therefore the actual power from
coal combustion needs to be determined taking into
account the efficiency of the plant. A general efficiency
rating for a coal fired plant is about 35%.
• Therefore the resulting required power to produce 500
MW of electricity is 1429 MW (500/0.35).
• 1 watt of power is equivalent to 1 Joule per second.
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6. Coal Requirement
• Therefore the plant would need to produce: 1429 x 106
(to convert MW into Watts) Joules per second.
• Next the energy per mass from coal needs to be
considered. There are many types of coal with different
carbon contents, and other factors e.g. moisture
content that will affect the calorific value. However, for
general purpose coal a value of 37 MJ/kg is used in the
example.
• From the above it is possible to determine mass of coal
burnt per second.
• 1429000000 J/s divided by 37000000 J/kg gives a mass
of 38.6 kg/s of coal that needs to be burnt.
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7. Coal Requirement
• Multiplying this figure 86400 (the number of
seconds in a 24 hour period), and you get
3,337,000 kg of coal burnt per day, or 3,337
tons per day.
• Similarly it can be calculated for the year.
• Generally a plant generating about 1300MW
would require 7.5MTPA of coal
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8. Land Requirement
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9. Land Requirement
• Pit head / Load Center Stations using
indigenous coal
• Coastal stations using imported coal
(3X660MW)
• Coastal Stations using imported coal (5x800
MW)
• Coastal stations using imported coal (6x660
MW)
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10. Pit head Power Plant
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11. Pit head / Load Center Stations using
indigenous coal
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12. Coastal Power Stations
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13. Coastal stations using imported coal
(3X660MW)
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14. Coastal Stations using imported coal
(5x800 MW)
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15. Coastal stations using imported coal
(6x660 MW)
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16. Land Requirement
• Figures shown within bracket in Table indicate
land requirement per megawatt.
• Land indicated above is based on provision of
IDCT. In case NDCT is used the land
requirement will increase as indicated within
brackets in Tables.
• Space requirement is based on water reservoir
capacity considering depth of reservoir as 8m
and storage requirement of 10 days.
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17. Land Requirement
• Requirement of space/land will change from
project to project depending on required
storage capacity and depth of reservoir.
• Area for corridors may vary from station to
station depending upon distance between the
plant and ash dyke/ raw water intake point/
coal dispatch point.
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18. Land Requirement
• Additional land may be required for
switchyard if other voltage levels such as 220
kV, 132 kV, 33 kV are required for specific
projects.
• Land requirement for switchyard can be
further reduced to 30% in case Gas Insulated
Switchgear Switchyard (GIS) is used. GIS
option could be adopted in coastal areas or in
areas where there is acute shortage of land.
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19. Land Requirements
• Land requirement for coal storage & handling
facilities can be reduced by about 50% in pit-head
plants in cases where sized coal is dispatched
from the mine end by conveyors instead of rail.
• References
1. Land Review Report by CEA September’ 2010.
2. The Bulletin on Energy Efficiency, Volume 7 Issue
3,December, 2006.
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20. Water Requirement
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21. Water Requirement
• Typical range of specific water consumption figures of
different power plants
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22. Typical Breakup of Water Consumption
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