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1. BLUE BRAIN
BY
AJITHKUMAR

2. PREFACE
This presentation is delivered to you for improving
the knowledge about Blue Brain technology which is
going to produce a revolution in the artificial
intelligence field. We would like to convey our
gratitude to our Parents all our friends for
encouraging us.

3. BLUE BRAIN - A MAGIC
• The Blue Brain Project is an attempt to create a synthetic brain.
• This is done by reverse-engineering the mammalian brain down to the molecular
level.
• Goals of the project are to gain a complete understanding of the brain and to enable
faster development of brain disease treatment.
• A Blue Gene super computer is used , hence the name “BLUE BRAIN”.

5. BRAIN BEHIND BLUE BRAIN

6. ORIGIN
• Henry Markram is the founder of blue brain.
• Henry Markram is a professor of neuroscience at the Swiss Federal Institute for
Technology (EPFL).
• His team has developed a facility that can create realistic models of one of the
brain’s essential building blocks.
• These models exhibit the behavior of natural brain.

7. NEED FOR VIRTUAL BRAIN
• The man is called intelligent because of the brain.
• But the intelligence of brain is lost after the death of a person.
• But we can make the brain sustain in the earth even after a person’s death using the
technology - Blue Brain.
• This can be done by uploading human brain into machine.

9. BUILD STEPS
There are three main steps to building the virtual brain .
1) DATA ACQUISITION
2) SIMULATION
3) VISUALIZATION OF RESULTS

10. DATA AQUISITION
• Data acquisition involves taking brain slices, placing them under a microscope, and
measuring the shape and electrical activity of individual neurons.
• This is how the different types of neuron are studied and catalogued.
• The electrophysiological behavior of neurons is studied using a 12 patch clamp
instrument.

11. 12 PATCH CLAMP

12. SIMULATION
• The simulation step involves synthesizing virtual cells using the algorithms that
were found to describe real neurons.
• The primary software used by the BBP for neural simulations is a package called
NEURON.
• The algorithms and parameters are adjusted for the age, species, and disease stage
of the animal being simulated.
• The ultimate aim of this step is to be able to understand and reproduce human
consciousness.
• The simulation time step for the numerical integrations is 0.025 ms and the time
step for writing the output to disk is 0.1 metre per second.

13. SIMULATION WORKFLOW
• The algorithms and parameters are adjusted for the age, species, and disease stage
of the animal being simulated.
• Every single protein is simulated and there millions of them in a cell.
• A network skeleton is built from all the different kinds of synthesized neurons.
• Then the cells are connected together .
• Finally the neurons are functionalized and the simulation brought to life.

14. VISUALIZATION OF RESULTS
• RTNeuron is the primary application used by the BBP for visualization of neural
simulations. It is written in C++ and OpenGL.
• RTNeuron takes the output from Hodgkin-Huxley simulations in NEURON and
renders them in 3D.
• The animations can be stopped, started and zoomed, thus letting researchers interact
with the model.

15. VISUALIZATION OF RESULTS

16. GAINS
• Even after the death of a man his intelligence can be used.
• Decision can be made without the presence of a person.
• The activity of different animals can be understood.
• It would allow the deaf to hear via direct nerve stimulation.
• By down loading the contents of the brain that was uploaded into the computer,
the man can get rid from the madness.

17. CHALLENGES
• We become dependent upon the computer systems.
• Others may use technical knowledge against us.
• Computer viruses will pose an increasingly critical threat.
• The real threat, however, is the fear that people will have of new technologies.

18. HARDWARE USED
1) BLUE GENE/P
2) SILICON GRAPHICS
3) COMMODITY PC CLUSTERS
4) JuQUEEN

19. BLUE GENE
Blue Gene/P technical specifications:
• 4,096 quad-core nodes (16,384 cores in total)
• Each core is a Power PC 450 , 850 MHz
• Total: 56 teraflops, 16 terabytes of memory
• 4 racks, one row, wired as a 16x16x16 3D torus
• 1 PB of disk space, GPFS parallel file system
• Operating system: Linux SuSE SLES 10
• Public front end: bluegene.epfl.ch and processing log

21. JuQUEEN
• JuQUEEN is an IBM Blue Gene/Q supercomputer that was installed at the Jülich
Research Center in Germany in May 2012.
• It currently performs at 1.6 petaflops and was ranked the world's 8th fastest
supercomputer in June 2012.
• This aims to develop a three-dimensional, realistic model of the human brain.

23. MOTIVATIONS
• Brain disease treatments.
• Scientific curiosity about consciousness and the human mind.
• Integration of all neuroscientific research results worldwide.
• Progress towards building thinking machines (bottom up approach).

24. CONCLUSION
• If we could clearly understand the functionalities of the brain it is easy to cure
diseases of the brain.
• If this technology is put in use, a person can live on the earth through his
intelligence, feelings , personalities and memories.

25. CREDITS & SOURCE
SOURCE:
• www.artificialintelligence.com
• www.google.com
• www.googleimages.com
• www.epfl.com

27. ANY QUERIES