Bangladesh is a densely populated country with a small area. Urbanization is a popular term in Bangladesh but the main problem is that it has a very bad impact on the environment. The environment is constantly changing and evolving. Our response to these drastic changes is what makes the future of the earth and living. Many of the urbanization environmental effects are dangerous for our health as well as the environment. There is a lot of pollution in many cities due to what we put into the air like smoke or harmful chemicals from factories, power plants, cars, etc. Whatever decisions we make, will be crucial as a lot is at stake. The country is suffering from the environment issue from a long time this time the urbanization has been added. The elements of the environment are being damaged and this has a bad impression on us. Basically, the mega cities like Dhaka is suffering from it most. It is a city which is not suitable for people but it is the capital of Bangladesh. There is a term Smart Urbanization. Bangladesh should adopt the smart urbanization concept and build smart cities. Though government has some rules regulations but the proper steps should be taken.

1. Submitted To
Gazi Arafat Uz-Zaman Markony
Assistant Professor
Department of Public Administration & Governance Studies
Jatiya kabi Kazi Narul Islam University
Submitted By
Group “A”
Session: 2017-18
4th Year 2nd Semester
Department of Public Administration & Governance Studies
Jatiya Kabi kazi Nazrul Islam University
Course Code: PA-425

2.  Concept of Urbanization
 What is Environment?
 Urbanization & Environment
 Bangladesh Perspective
 Impacts of Urbanization on Environment
 The Environmental Cost of Urbanization in Dhaka City
 Smart Urbanization
 The Future of Smart Urbanization in Dhaka City
 Government Initiatives
 Recommendation
Objectives

3. Sayeda Tahsin
18123101

4. Concept Of Urbanization
Urbanization means the concentration of people in cities and
towns.
Urbanization refers to the number of people who migrate from
rural areas to urban areas, resulting in growth.
Urbanization is the process where increasing percentage of a
population lives in cities and suburbs.
According to Cambridge dictionary, Urbanization is the process
by which more and more people leave the countryside to live in
cities.

5. What is Environment?
The word environment is derived from the French
word for "to surround."
 physical environment and
 biotic environment.
Two Types

6. Urbanization creates the
most human dominated
landscapes
Drives local and regional
environmental changes

7. Habiba Sultana
18123102

8. Bangladesh Perspective
 Most densely populated
country
 Witness of a rapid
spread of urbanization
 An increasing share of
population of
Bangladesh migrates to
urban centers in search
for employment
 Bangladesh’s urban
population has been
growing at a yearly
average rate of 6
percent since
independence
As per recent UN
data,
approximately 25
percent of
Bangladesh’s
current
population
currently lives in
urban areas.

9. This graph depicts the rate of urbanization in Bangladesh from 2011 to 2021.
Bangladesh's rapid urbanization degrades the natural character of economic
development by influencing the establishment of industries, residences, and other
types of infrastructure, all of which contribute to the environmental deterioration.

10. MD. Ramjan Ali
18123103

11. Materials like concrete, asphalt, bricks etc
absorb and reflect energy differently than
vegetation and soil.
Cities remain warm in the night when the
countryside has already cooled.
Heat islands contribute to
higher daytime temperatures,
 reduced nighttime cooling, and
higher air-pollution levels.
The Creation of heat island
Many of the urbanization environmental effects are dangerous for our health as well as the environment.

12. Human activities release a wide range of
emissions into the environment including
• carbon dioxide,
• carbon monoxide,
• ozone,
• sulfur oxides,
• nitrogen oxides,
• lead,
• and many other pollutants.
Bangladesh’s air contained 76.9 micrograms of small
and hazardous airborne particles per cubic metre
(μg/m3), over 15 times the WHO-recommended level
of 5 μg/m3, the report said.

13. Changes in patterns of Precipitation
Cities often receive more rain than the surrounding
countryside since dust can provoke the condensation
of water vapor into rain droplets.
Rainfall in Bangladesh mostly occurs in monsoon
period, caused by weak tropical depressions that are
brought from the Bay of Bengal into Bangladesh by
the wet monsoon winds. More than 75% rainfall
occurs in monsoon .

14. Pollutants are often
dispersed across cities
or concentrated in
industrial areas or waste
sites.
Lead- based paint
used on roads and
highways and on
buildings is one
such example of a
widely dispersed
pollutant that
found its way into
soil.
Burying tremendous
amounts of waste in
the ground at
municipal and
industrial dumps.
Urbanization often results in deforestation,
habitat loss, and the extraction of
freshwater from the environment, which
can decrease biodiversity and alter species
ranges and interactions.

15. Degraded Water Quality The water quality has degraded
with time due to urbanization
that ultimately leads to increased
sedimentation there by also
increasing the pollutant in run-off.
The causes liable for water degradation are acid
precipitation , sewage and waste water, oil
pollutants, industrial waste, dumping etc.

16. Sabrina Munmun
18123104

17. The Environmental Cost of Urbanization in Dhaka City
Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, has
lost around 75% of its wetlands in the
last 40 years or so, due to
encroachment for urbanization
purposes.
This has put the entire city and its
neighbouring areas at great risk of flood, and
high-rise apartments in those areas are at risk
of earthquake damage.
The real estate business in
Bangladesh – Dhaka in particular –
has been booming since the late
2000s.

18. Environmental cost of urbanization in Dhaka city
in this march of progress and continuous struggle to
overcome the natural environment, we have forgotten
how to take care of the world.
“We are living on the plannet as if we have another one to
go”

19. Some environmental cost because of rapid
urbanization
Environmental Degradation
Because of urbanization Dhaka has lost itbs
natural resources.The early victims of this
process were the khals( the canals) of Dhaka,
most of which have disappeared and the few
remaining are continuing to disappear under
built structures and illegal encroachments.

20. High risk of water logging
The filling up of the natural waterways for the housing of overcrowded people
and for building new industry running through the city has led to water-logging
which is exacerbated by the poor drainage capacity of the sewerage system
especially in the rainy season.

21. Change in air quality
• With growing urbanization, the number of vehicles and industry
is also rising rapidly and contributing more and more to air
pollution.
• MRT-6 project, which is to run from Uttara to Motijheel via
Mirpur and Farmgate, has become one of the primary sources
of air pollution in the city, especially in the areas where the
tracks are being constructed.

22. At least 18% of the pollutants are emitted from road and soil dust, a great deal
of which can be attributed to, in some way or another, infrastructural
development. For residents of the capital city, the metro rail project has been the
bane of their existence over the past few years.
However, these are not the only ongoing projects that are contributing
to the worsening of air quality. The elevated expressway, which has
seen only 22% of its construction complete in the last eight years, as
well as the construction of BRT Lines, outer, inner and middle rings,
numerous flyovers – all of them continue to contaminate the air we
breathe, and each of these projects is necessary for the development
of the city.

23. Mahmudur Rahman
18123105

24. Smart Urbanization
However, while cities have been a powerful tool
in the evolution of human civilization, they have
also been a threat to environmental
sustainability.
Therapid urbanization has also resulted in the growth of slums,
rise in urban violence and often reduced quality of living.

25. “A city that has an advanced model of technology but is badly planned, with
outdated legal frameworks or lacking a good financial model, will only
aggravate the dysfunction in the city. A ‘smart city’ is a city that uses
technology in a ‘smart’ way to reinforce the pillars of urbanization.”
— Dr. Joan Clos, executive director, UN-Habitat

26. However, regardless of the issues arising, urbanization cannot be stopped. To quote UNESCO, the issue is no longer the choice between urban and
rural life, butthechoiceof“howto live well” withmillions ofothers in megacities.AndtheanswertosustainableurbanizationareSmartCities.

27. The Future of Smart Urbanization in Bangladesh
Environmental Sustainability
Environmental pollution is one of the biggest concerns of the cities in
Bangladesh with its capital being one of the most polluted cities in the world.
With the Vision-2021 of the Bangladesh Government, rapid digitization in various sectors is occurring which
will eventually give birth to Smart Cities in Bangladesh.

28. Thus, the main concern for Smart Urbanization in Bangladesh should not only be to utilize
technology in every sphere of life but to also use it ensure environmental sustainability.

29. Ziaur Rahman Emtiaj
18123106

30. For mitigating climate change impacts, Provisions for urban
environment sustainability in Sixth Five year Plan(2020-
2021)
 Improvement of air quality in Dhaka and other large cities
and enactment of Clear Air Act;
 Treatment of all urban waste water by FY15 to clean river
waters; Promotion of zero discharge of industrial
effluents;
 Restoration and protection of urban wetlands in line with
Wetland Conservation Act;
 Land zooning for sustainable land/water use;
 Integration of environment, climate change and disaster
risk reduction consideration into project design, budgetary
allocations and implementation process;
 Restoration of canals and natural water flows of Dhaka
and other major cities

31. Article 15 of the Constitution of Bangladesh declares an obligation
“to improve the living conditions of Bangladesh through planned
development.” Topfull this obligation, the Planning Commission
develops various long-, mid-, and short-term development and
economic plans, such as the Perspective Plan (PP) of 2010–2021,
Five Year Plans (FYPs), and Annual Development Pro-grams
(ADPs). In addition, different international development agendas
and goals –such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) of
2000, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)of 2016–2030, and
New Urban Agenda.

32. Sultana Razia Tuli
18123107

33. Recommendation
Measures
Initiatives

34. Necessary measures to increase awareness among
urban people:
 Environmental knowledge and conception should be
given to the people
 Radio, TV, and other media should telecast
 programs fair/exhibition on environment should be
organized literacy rate should be increased.
 Curriculum on environment should be developed at
school, college, university and technical institutions.
 Initiative should be taken to make people understood
that vulnerable situation of mankind personal initiative
should be taken
 Environmental organizational should be established
 To arrange different environmental program
 Formulation and implementation of environment
friendly law

35. Initiatives can be taken by government:
 Social forestry
 Plant fair/Agriculture fair
 Sanitation program
 Antismoking law
 Prohibition of using poly bag
 Introducing CNG vehicle
 Cancellation of two stroke engine
 Adoption of coordinated pest control policy
 Solar electric project
 A master plan for medium and large cities
should be taken
 A land use plan, a zoning plan as well as
building regulations should be strictly
implemented.
 Using environment-friendly equipment
 Green technological innovations

36. Improving City Governance
Autonomy to Raise Own
Finances
Coordination of Fiscal, Regulatory and
Administrative Systems
Good Urban Planning and Sustainable
environment-friendly infrastructure

37. Go Green before Green Goes