laboratory safety for laboratory staff (part 1)

1. LABORATORY SAFETY
BY
Dr. Mahmoud Ismail
MD , CBIC, MBA , TQM , HM , DIC
Consultant clinical and Chemical Pathology
Consultant Infection Prevention and Control
Total Quality Management and Hospital Management specialist
11/01/2019

2. Main Topics
1. What’s lab safety?
2. Regulatory agencies for lab safety
3. Safety officer’s duties and responsibilities
4. Hazards in the lab
5. CLSI Recommendation and safety symbols
6. Key elements in lab safety program.
7. Safety equipments
8. Safety plans
9. Safety manual
10.Main safety issues ( fire ,chemical ,electrical ….. Ex
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3. Safety is A combination of common sense , good
behavior and housekeeping.
Good personal behavior & habits such as:
1- Professional conduct .
2- Good Appearance.
3- Frequent hand washing
4. Continues cleaning of lab work area
1. What’s lab safety?
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4. Safety responsibility – shared responsibility
Employer(safety officer)
provide and supervise safety methods, equipment and
policies
Employee
understand and practice established safety procedures
notify supervisors of unsafe conditions
Bottom line … safety is everyone’s responsibility !!!
Safety Awareness
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5. Why Is laboratory Safety Important?
• TO PREVENT:
– adverse health effects from exposure to chemicals or
electricity that may kill
– exposure to organisms, diseases, etc. in laboratories
that may be handicapping
• Laboratory Accreditation
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6. •OSHA
•CLSI (The Clinical and Laboratory Standards
Institute) Infection control guidelines
•JCAHO/ TJC (The Joint Commission)
Hospital accreditation
•CAP (College of American Pathologists)
Laboratory accreditation
•CDC (Centers for Disease Control)
U.S. Department of health and Human Services
2. Regulatory Agencies for Safety
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7. 3.Employer’s (safety officer) Responsibilities
1. Member of hospital wide safety committee
2. Establish laboratory work methods , safety
policies and procedures
3. Provide supervision and guidance to
employees.
4. Provide safety information, training, safety
supplies like PPE and spill kits
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8. 1. Fires
2. Electrical: fire and shock
3. Chemical
4. Explosives
5. Oxidizer material
6. Flammable liquids
7. Corrosives
8. Radioactive materials (not too common these days)
9. Compressed gasses
10. Mechanical: moving machinery
11. Poisons
12 .Biological: HAI microbes, and genetically modified agents
13. Ergonomic: standing, repetitive motion
14. Non classified material
4. Hazards in the lab
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9. 1. Never mouth pipetting .
2.Don’t mix potentially infectious material by bubbling
air through liquid.
3.Use barrier protections.
4. Hand washes whenever gloves are changed.
5. Use facial protections.
6. Avoid using syringes and recapping.
7. Appropriate disposal of all sharps.
8. Wear protective clothing.
9. Strive to prevent accidental injuries
10. Encourage frequent hand washing
5.CLSI Recommendation and General Safety Rules
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10. 11. Minimize spill
12. Decontamination all devices after use
13. Take care of warring sign
14. Use biosafety level 2 whenever possible
15. Inspect and close the tube before centrifugation
16. Use biohazard disposal techniques
17. Never leave infectious material unlabeled
18. Periodically cleanout freezers and ice bags
19. HBV vaccination for all lab staff
CLSI Recommendation and General Safety Rules
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11. Wear safety goggles when working with
chemicals, flames, or heating devices.
Safety Symbols
1. Eye Protection
2. Sharp Objects
When using needles or other sharp objects
always walk with the points facing down.
3. Electrical Safety
• Do not place a cord where someone can trip over it.
•Never use electricity around water.
• Unplug all equipment before leaving the room. 111/01/2019

12. Safety Symbols (cont’d)
4. Heating Safety
• Tie back hair and loose clothes when working
with open flames.
• Never look into a container as you are heating it.
you have to know the locations of the
fire ALARM , when and how to use it.
5.Fire alarm
6.Flammable cabinet
you have to know the locations of the
Flammable cabinet , what to keep inside 121/01/2019

13. Safety Symbols (cont’d)
7.Chemical Safety
• Never touch, taste, or smell a chemical unless
instructed in the policy .
• Transfer chemicals carefully!
8. Hand Safety
• If a chemical spills on your skin, notify the
supervisor and rinse with water for 15 minutes. With
first aid
9.First Aid
• you have to know the locations of the first aid when
and how to use it.
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14. Safety Symbols (cont’d)
Red = fire flammable
Yellow = instability
Blue = health
White = specific hazard & personal protection
11.Biohazard
• There may be radioactive or biological materials
that could possibly be hazards to your health
12. Fire blanket
• you have to know the locations of the fire
blanket , when and how to use it.
10 NFPA-type labels
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15. Safety Symbols (cont’d)
To know the locations of the
Emergency shower , when and
how to use it.
13 Emergency shower
14. Eye wash
To know the locations of the eye
wash , when and how to use it.
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16. Safety Symbols (cont’d)
16. Sharp container
To know the locations of the sharp container ,
how to use and when finish and close it and
send to the main waste room
To know the locations of the fire extinguisher its
numbers in the lab , when and how to use it.
15. Fire extinguisher
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17. √ 1. Assign a safety officer with a job description
√ 2. Hazards in the lab
3. Safety equipments
4. Mandated safety plans
a) chemical hygiene.
b) control of exposure to blood borne pathogens
c) TB control plan
d) Ergonomics.
6. Key Elements In safety Programs
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18. 5. Lab safety manuals contain all plans and program
policies and procedures.
6. Lab safety programs should meet all the following :
A) Proper labeling of chemicals.
B ) Types and location of fire extinguishers.
C) Electrical equipments.
D) Hoods and biosafety cabinet in good working orders.
E) Ergonomic issue.
F) Handling, disposal of biohazards material
6. Key elements in safety programs (cont’d)
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19. 3. SAFETY EQUIPTMENTS
1.Safety showers
2. Eyewash stations
3. Fire blankets
4. Fire extinguishers
5. Spill kits (blood , chemical and mercury )
6. First aid kits
7. Fume hoods
8. Biosafety Cabinets
9.Chemical storage cabinets
10. PPEs ( personal protective equipment )
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20. 1. Chemical hygiene plan
2. Exposure hygiene plan
3. Cap require TB documented exposure plan
4. Ergonomics.
4. Safety Mandated Plans
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21. 1. This plan include listing of responsibility for
1) safety officer 2) employee 3) chemical hygiene officer
2. Determine all types of chemicals inside the lab
3. MSDS
4. Determine content date of expiration and production
5. Hazardous and how to use it
6. Boiling point, vapor pressure, specific gravity, threshold
limit values
4.1 Chemical hygiene plan
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22. 1. Plan for protection against exposure blood borne
2. Group I all employee exposure to blood borne
3. Group II some of employee exposure to blood
borne
4. Group III none of employee exposure to blood
borne
4.2. Exposure control plan
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23. 1. Identification and isolation of patient at risk
2. Environmental control
3. Appropriate use of protection equipment
4. Education of employee about TB
5. Treatment
4.3 TB control plan
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24. 1. Prevention of musculoskeletal risk due
to lab work
2.Ergonomic program to protect lab
workers
3. Plan for ergonomic and how to follow
up plan
4.4 Ergonomics and its plan
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25. its better to contain the following :
1. Hospital and LAB scope of services
2. Safety equipment's
3. Sources of hazards in the lab
4. fire prevention and control measures.
5. Chemical safety
6. Electrical safety
7. Radiation safety hazards
8. Compressed gases
5. Laboratory Safety Manual Index
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26. 9. Cryogenic materials hazards
10. Mechanical hazards
11.Ergonomic hazards
12.Ultraviolet light protection
13. Hazardous materials and waste training .
14. Safety in microbiology laboratory
15. Accident documentation and investigation
5. laboratory safety manual index (cont’d)
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27. 4. FIRE SAFETY
The Chemistry of Fire
Fire is basically a chemical reaction that
involves the rapid oxidation of a combustible
material or fuel, with liberation of heat , light
and smoke
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28. Fire Tetrahedron
• Essential elements for fire
– Fuel
– Heat
– Oxygen
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29. Classification of Fires
Fire are classified into four classes based on the
nature of the combustible material and
requirements for extinguishment :
Class A: ordinary combustible solid materials,
such as paper, wood, plastic.
Class B: flammable liquids/gases and
combustible petroleum products
Class C: electrical equipment
Class D: combustible/reactive metals, such as
magnesium, sodium
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30. Class of fire and type of extinguisher
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31. 1. Minimize quantities of flammable liquid kept in the laboratory.
2. Do not exceed the maximum container sizes for flammable liquid.
3. Use and store flammable liquids and gases only in well-ventilated
areas.
4. Conduct work involving the release of flammable vapors in
laboratory fume hood.
5. Use NFPA (national fire protection association) approved
flammable liquid
6. Storage cabinet for flammable liquid should be available in the lab
Prevention of fire
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32. 7. Use portable safety cans, whenever possible, for
storing, dispensing and transporting flammable liquid.
8. Clean up spills of flammable liquid carefully .
9. Apply precautions to waste flammable liquid as well a
they are still flammable.
Prevention of fire
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33. Fire safety plan
• should include and specify the location of the following :
– Evacuation map
– Fire alarm pull stations
– Extinguishers
– Fire blankets
– Aggregation points
– At least one entrance and exit
– Emergency Exit and stairs
– code fire phone ext (2222)
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34. Fire
RACE
Rescue - Remove patients from
immediate harm
Alarm -Pull fire alarm
Contain - Close doors and windows
Extinguish - Extinguish fire
PASS
PULL the pin
AIM the nozzle
Squeeze the handle
Swipe side to side
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35. BIG fire
If large fire
1. Contain
2. Alarm
3. Move to the lab aggregation point
If you are trapped
1. close the door firmly
2. open the window
3. if available water inside just pour to the door
4. Alarm
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36. Thank you
End of first part lecture 1
Reference
Clinical Chemistry Principles, Techniques, and
Correlations Michael L. Bishop 8th edition 2018
m75is@yahoo.com
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