DR.MAHENDRA PRASAD YADAV SDMCAH HASSAN

1. DEPARTMENT OF
DRAVYAGUNA
WELCOMES YOU
ALL
07/06/2017

2. Can you guess the condition???

3. DRAVYA PRAYOGA IN APASMARA
Presented by
Dr. Mahendra Pd.Yadav.
PG Scholar
Guided by
Dr. Anuradha K.N.
Assistant Professor
Department of Dravyguna
SDM College of Ayurveda and Hospital, Hassan

4. CONTENT
1.INTRODUCTION
 Definition of Apasmara
 Causative Factors
 Samprapti
 Types
 Line Of Treatment
2 DRAVYA PRAYOGA IN APASMARA
 Compound Formulations
 Single Drugs
3.DISCUSSION
4.CONCLUSION
5.REFERENCES

5. 1. INTRODUCTION TO APASMARA
स्मृतेरपगमं प्राहुरपस्मारं भिषग्विदः|
तमःप्रिेशं बीित्सचेष्टं धीसत्त्िसम्प्लिात्||
Cha. Chi. 10/3
Apasmara is defined as ‘loss of memory’ characterised
by loss of consciousness (entering into darkness) and
disgusting movements of limbs caused derangement of
the intellect and the mind.

6. cont…
Apasmara is co related with epilepsy in
modern science. Epilepsy is a central nervous
system disorder in which nerve cell activity
in the brain becomes disturbed causing
seizure.

7. CAUSATIVE FACTORS
AHARA- DIET VIHARA- LIFESTYLE MANASIKA-
PSYCHOLOGICAL
Guru ahara Vega- dharana Persistent grief, passion
anger and chinta.
Viruddhahara Ativyayama
Timid personality
Alcohol
Abhichara Guru & vriddha
apachara
Fish Impaired Sleep wake cycle Prajnaparaadh

8. SAMPRAPTI
Mithya Aahara-Vihara and
Vatadi dosha prakopaka nidana Sharira +Manasa dosha
Chinta-Shoka vitiates Raja & Tama Prakopa
Dosha Prasara in Hridya and Manovaha Srotashas
Mana Kshobha
Tama Pravesha and bhibhatsa Chesta -Vega Smritinasa
Apasmara

9. SAMPRAPTI GHATAKA
Dosha –1.Vata dominant Sharira dosha
2.Raja,Tama - Manasa dosha
Dushya –Smriti
Adhisthana –Hridya and Manovaha Srota
Srotasa - Manovaha and Sangyavaha

10. 10
APASMARA
SANNIPATAJA
PITTAJA
KAPHAJA
VATAJA

11. Line of Management
 Restore the activities of the heart, channels
(vessels), and the mind which are occured by the
dosha by the use of sharp remedial measures like
vamana etc.
 For Vatika Apasmara– Basti
 For Paittika Apasmara- Virechana
 For Shlaismika Apasmara-Vamana

12. 2.DRAVYA
PRAYOGA IN
APSAMARA

13. COMPOUND FORMULATIONS
USED IN APASAMAR
Dosage forms Name of the Formulation Action
1.Bramhi Ghrita Apasmarajita
Ghrita 2.Tikataka Ghrita Apasmarahara
3.Dadhika Ghrita Apasmaragadamhara
4.Dhanvantar Ghrita Apasmarahara
5.Kalyanaka Ghrita Apasmarahara
6.Mahapanchagavya Ghrita Apasmarahara
7.Kusmanda Ghrita Apasmarahara
8.Jivaniya Ghrita Apasmaram nashayeta
9.Lashunadhya Ghrita Apasmarahara
Taila 1.Bala taila Apasmarampranashayeta
2.Amrutandhya Apasmaram hanyata
3.Shirisha Apasmaram nashayeta

14. SINGLE DRUGS
USED IN
APASMARA

15. B.N.:- Bacopa monnieri (Linn)Pannel
Family:-Scrophulariaceae
Rasa:-Tiktha,kashaya,Madhura
Guna:-Laghu ,Snigdha,Sara
Virya:-Sita
Vipaka:-Madhura
Prabhava:-Medhya
Doshakarma:-Tridosha Samaka
Use parts:-Whole plant
Chemical compositions:-Brahmine and
Alkaloids
Aamayika Prayoga:-
1. Brahmi is the best remedy for epilepsy.
(A.H.U. 40/51)
2. Old ghee processed with brahmi
juice,vacha,kustha & sankhapushpi used
in epilepsy.
(Cha.Chi.10/25)
Brahmi
1

16. Anticonvulsant activity of
Bacopa monnieri in rodents
Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences vol. 45, n. 4, oct./dec., 2009
Darpan Kaushik, Ashish Tripathi, Rashmi Tripathi, Madiwalayya Ganachari, Suroor
Ahmad Khan
Conclusion-The ethanolic extract of Bacopa monnieri was tested for
anticonvulsant activity in albino rats, using different convulsive models.
The ethanolic extract of leaves produced significant anticonvulsant
activity for all the different models studied. This study shows a probable
mechanism of action similar to that of benzodiazepines (GABA agonist)
and alcoholic extract of Bacopa monniera is a potent anticonvulsant drug.

17. B.N.:-Celastrus panniculata (Linn)
Family:-Celastraceae
Rasa:- Katu,Tikta
Guna:- Tikshna,snigdha,Sara
Virya:- Usana
Vipaka:- Katu
Doshakarma:-Vatakapha Samaka
Use parts:-Seeds,oil(seeds oil),
Leaves
 Chemical compositions:- Seeds
contain62%oil,Tannin,Celastrin,
Celestrol, Malakaguniol.
2 Jyotishmati

18. Phytochemical Analysis and Comparative Anticonvulsant
Activity of Celastrus paniculata Willd. MES Induced
Seizure in Mice
Asian Journal of Research in ChemistryYear : 2011, Volume : 4, Issue : 10
Yadav Vijay, Yadav Vimal, Jain S.K., Singh V.K., Prajapati S K.
Conclusion:-Ethanolic extract and Petroleum Ether extract of Celastrus
paniculata had shown significant protection against MES (Maximal
electroshock) and PTZ (pentylenetetrazole) induced convulsion
probably due to the presence of alkaloids, tannins, phenolic
compound, fatty acids, steroids and flavonoids .

19. B.N.:-Convolvulus pluricaulis (Linn)
Family:-Convolvulaceae
Rasa:- Kashaya,Katu,Tikta
Guna: Snigdha,Picchila,Guru, Sara
Virya:-Sita
Vipaka:-Madhura
Prabhava:-Medhya
Doshakarma:-Tridosahara,
Vatapitta samaka
Use parts:-:Whole plant
 Chemicalcompositions:Carbohydrate,
Alkaloids,Convoline,Convolidie,Convovine.
 Aamayika Prayoga:-
Old ghee processed with brahmi
juice,vacha,kustha& sankhapushpi used
in epilepsy. Ch.Ci 10/64
3 SHANKHAPUSHPI

20. Anticonvulsant activity of Shankhapuspi (Convolvulus
pluricaulis Chois) on Strychnine induced seizure in
experimental animals
International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine,
2012, 3(2), 82-87
Kshirod Kumar Ratha, Sthiti Srujani Mishra
Conclusion- Seizure was induced by Strychnine in
Shankhapuspi used animal model. The co-
administration of the standard anticonvulsant
drug Phenytoin sodium and aqueous extract of
Shankhapuspi resulted in significant anticonvulsant
activity when compared to the
anticonvulsive activity of Phenytoin sodium.

21. B.N.Angelica glauca
Family:-Apiacaea
Rasa:-Tikta, Katu, Madhura
Guna:-Laghu,Tikshna,Hima
Virya:-Usana
Vipaka:-Katu
Doshakarma:-Vatakaphahara
Use parts:-Roots-root stock,Fruit,
Leaves
Chemicalcompositions:Dimeric,
Furocoumarins,volatile oil 1.5%
Aamayika Prayoga:-
Ghee cooked with Choraka,Vacha,
Aragvadha,kaitarya,Brahmi,Hinga
and Jatamansi is useful in Vataja
and kaphaja Apasmar.
Ch.Ci.10/64
4 Choraka

22. B.N.:-Acorus calamus Linn.
Family:-Araceae
Rasa:- Katu, Tikta
Guna:-Laghu,Tikshna,
Virya:-Usana
Vipaka:-Katu
Prabhava:-Medhya
Doshakarma:-Kaphavata
samaka
Use parts:-Roots (rhizome)
Chemical compositions:-
Resin,Tannin,Asarone and Eugenol.
Aamayika Prayoga:-
Vacha powder taken with honey is
very useful in Apasmar.
Ch.Ci 10/64
5
Vacha

23. Alcoholic extract was used against maximal
electroshock(MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)
induced tonic seizers in albino rats. Results showed
that ethanol extract has protective effect against MES,
but not against PTZ induced seizures.

24. B.N.:-Benincasa hispida
(Thunb.)Cogn
Family:-Cucurbitaceae
Rasa:-Madhura
Guna:-Laghu,Snigdha
Virya:-Sita
Vipaka:-Madhura
Doshakarma:-Vatapitta samaka
Use parts:Fruit
Chemical compositions:-
Cucurbitine,resin,proteids,myosin
,vitelin.
Aamayika Prayoga:-
Ghee processed with juice of
Kushmanda for eighteen times is
taken with the paste of
Yastimadhu alleviates Apasmar
A.H.U. 7/28
6 Kushmanda

25. Anti-convulsant activity of Benincasa
hispida fruit, methanol extract
Journal of Natural Remedies, Vol 4/2 (2004) 195 –
198
Anil Kumar, P. Ramu
Conclusion- In this study Methanolic extract is
evaluated in 4 models, they are-
pentylenetetrazole, strychnine , picrotoxin, and
maximal electroshock seizures (MES) model in
mice at dose levels ranging from 0.2 – 1g/kg, i.p.
and concluded that the fruit B. hispida possess
potential anticonvulsant activity.

26. B.N.:-Allium sativa (Linn)
Family:-Liliaceae
Rasa:Katu,Tikta,Kashaya,
Lavana, Madhura
Guna:-Snigdha,Tikshna,
Picchila,guru ,Sara
Virya:-Usana
Vipaka:-Katu
Doshakarma:-Vatakapha samaka
Use parts:-:Bulbis-Tubers, Oil.
Chemical compositions:-
Allin,Allium.Carbohydrates,
Proteins
Aamyika Prayoga:-Rason taken
with honey is useful in Apasmara.
CS.Ci 10/64
7 Rasona

27. ANTICONVULSANT POTENTIALS OF SESAMUM INDICUM
AND ALLIUM SATIVA OIL ALONE AND IN COMBINATION IN
ANIMAL MODELS
Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, Vol 3, Suppl 4, 154-158
UMA ADVANI, ANWAR ANSARI AND EKTA
MENGHANI
Conclusion-Both Allium sativa and Sesamum oil
separately and in combination were effective
against the lithium + pilocarpine induced
seizure (p<0.004) but more significant as
combination. It was concluded that combination
of S. indicum and Allium sativa oil was affective
against experimental induced convulsion.

28. B.N.:Cyperus rotundus Linn
Family:-Cyperaceae
Rasa:-Tikta,Katu,Kashaya
Guna:-Laghu,Rukshya
Virya:-Sita
Vipaka:-Katu
Doshakarma:-Kaphapitta
samaka
Use parts:-Rhizome
Chemical compositions:-
Cypernone,Ketoalcohols.
Aamayika Prayoga:- Taken
with the cow milk it is useful
in Apasmara.
(B.S Apasmara 34)
8 Mustaka

29. Theethanolextract(100mg/kg,p.o.)
Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Cyperus rotundus
rhizomes is worth while to develop the potent
phytoconstituent for treatment of epilepsy and the
flavonoids present in ethanol extract could be
attributed for anticonvulsant activity.

30. B.N.:Asparagus racemosus Willd
Family:- Liliaceae
Rasa:-Madhura,Tikta
Guna:-Guru,Snigdha
Virya:-Sita
Vipaka:-Madhura
Doshakarma:-Vatapitta samaka
Use parts:-:Roots.
Chemicalcompositions:
Shatavarin,Saponins, Glycosides of
quercetin Carbohydrates.
Aamayika Prayoga:-
Shatavari taken with milk is
useful in Apasmara.
(C.S.Ci 10/64)
9 Shatavari

31. Phytochemical Investigation and Antiepileptic Activity of
Asparagus racemosus (Wild) Root Extracts in Rodents
RGUHS J Pharm Sci | Vol 5 | Issue 3 | Jul-Sep, 2015
Rajesh A Shastry, Smita D Madagundi , Prasanna V
Habbu , Basavaraj S Patil , Shrinivas D Joshi and
Venkatrao H Kulkarni
Conclusion:-
ETAR and MEAR of AR (250 and 500 mg/kg)
possess significant free radical scavenging and
anticonvulsant activity and the anticonvulsant
activity of Asparagus racemosus may be due to the
presence of flavonoid like quercetin which act by
inhibition of oxidative stress induced by free
radicals.

32. B.N.:Saussurea lappa
Family:- Asteraceae
Rasa:-Tikta,Katu,Madhura
Guna:-Laghu,Ruksha,Tikshana
Virya:-Ushna
Vipaka:-Katu
Doshakarma:-Kaphavata samaka
Use parts:-:Roots
 Chemical compositions: Kusthin,
Alkaloid,Tannin,
Inulin - betulin,Volatile oil.
 Aamayika Prayoga:-
Old ghee processed with
Shankhapushpi ,Kustha, Brahmi and
Vacha is useful in Apasmar.
CS.Ci 10/25
10 KUSTHA

33. CONCLUSION-
Alcoholic extract, water extract and Petroleum extract
of S. lappa is used for test.Petroleum ether extractof S. lappa
roots possesses promising anticonvulsant activity against
pentylenetetrazole and picrotoxin-induced convulsions in mice.
In this investigation, the anticonvulsant activity can be
attributed to the presence of alkaloids and steroids in Saussurea
lappa petroleum extract, phenolic compounds in alcoholic
extract and saponins in water extract.

34. ANTIELEPTIC AYURVEDIC HERBAL
DRUGS-A REVIEW
No Sanskrita Name Botanical Name Family
1. Arka Calotropis gigantean Apocynaceae
2. Ashvagandha Withania somnifera Solanaceae
3. Asthishrinkhala Cissus quandagularis Vitaceae
4. Bhanga Cannabis sativa Cannabaceae
5. Bilva Aegle marmelos Rutaceae
6. Devadaru Cedrus deodara Pinaceae
7. Durva Cynodon dactylon Cyperaceae
8. Haridra Curcuma longa Zingiberaceae
9. Nirbisha Delphinium denudatum Ranunculaceae

35. CONT…..
12. Kapikachu Mucuna pruriens Fabaceae
10. Karamarda Carissa carandus Apocynaceae
11. Karanja Pongamia pinnata Fabaceae
12. Laghu agnimantha Clerodendron Infortunatum Lamiaceae
13. Palasha Butea monospema Fabaceae
14. Shirisha Albezia lebbeck Mimosoideae
15. Sinduri Bixa orellana Bixaceae
16. Tulasi Oscimum sanctum Lamiaceae
17. Vidarikanda Pureraria tuberose Fabaceae
18. Yastimadhu Glycerrhiza glabra Fabaceae
19. Punarnava Boerhaavia diffusa Nyctaginaceae

36. 3.Discussion
 Apasmara is a psychosomatic disorder and is the
transient appearance of unconsciousness associated
with loathsome activities (like frothing and
abnormal postures of the body), due to perversion
of memory, intellect and other psychic factors.
 The main seat of pathogenesis of Apasmara
(epilepsy) can be considered as brain.

37. Cont…
 The treatment is aimed at restoration of Tridosha
balance coupled with correction of Manasa Dosha.
 Sodhana procedure is mainly applied in the
management of the Apasmara.

38. Contd…
 In Apasmara Doshas being located in the important
vital point it is difficult to be treated. Hence it
should be treated with Rasayana therapies.
 Tikta rasa is said to possess Medhya property and
most of the drugs mentioned have Tikta Rasa.
Ushna Virya of these drugs is also useful to alleviate
Vata Dosha. Furthermore, Medhya property
indicates the action of a drug on brain.

39. Cont…
 Medhya rasayana drugs Like Sankhapushpi are rich
sources of antioxidants which are very good for the
prevention of nerve cell damage and preservation of
cell health.
 Among the formulations mentioned majority are
Ghritha and Taila preparations. Substances with high
lipid solubility may cross the blood-brain barrier
(BBB) by simple diffusion.

40. Cont…
 Flavanoids, Phenolic compounds, alkaloids,
saponins etc. are major phytoconstituents
responsible for anticonvulsant activity.
 Few drugs having mechanism of action similar to
that of benzodiazepines (GABA agonist) eg.
Brahmi.

41. 4.Conclusion
 Apasmaara is Kricchasadhya and Yapya vyadhi.
 Easily available herbal drugs can be utilized to
manage the symptoms of Apasmara. Apasmara
is included under Manasika Vikara which
resembles the symptoms of epilepsy.

42. Cont…
 Recent research studies showed significant
antiepileptic activity of herbs like Sankhapuspi,
Vacha, Rason, Shatavari, etc
 Eventhough some drugs are not mentioned for
Apasmarahara property in Ayurvedic literature,
recent research study proved scientific validation
for their anti convulsant activity.

43. 5.References
 Charaka samhitha
 Ashtanga hrudaya
 Ashtanga sangraha
 Bahvaprakasha
 Kayachikitsa vol.3
ShuklaVidyadhar