3. SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
• In this unit you learn
• Social Inequality (education,
gender, profession, income,
opportunities and others)
• Social Stratification
• Untouchability – a social problem
• Legal steps to eradicate
untouchability
4. Social Inequality
• The fact that people are stratified according
to various qualities (Gender, Caste,
Profession, Class and Race) is the proof of
Social Inequality.
• The Social Inequalities are: Income sources,
Education and Professional opportunities,
health facilities and political representation
and participation.
5. Social Inequality
• This means the Social inequality is
the result of already present
unequal social opportunities.
• This is continued by providing
unequal access to materials,
resources, income, opportunities,
recognitions and status
6. Social Inequality
• For example, by neglecting the
social service sectors like Public
Health system, Public education and
social security; the life of the poor is
made difficult. This allows the
assimilation of wealth in the hands
of very few.
8. Education and Inequality
• Education is a special structure that
brings in equal opportunities,
openings and social justice in
human life.
• This means that the governments
should provide equal opportunities
to all children.
9. Education and Inequality
• The Social Justice aspect of education
can be seen in the Directive Policies and
the Preamble of the Constitution of
India. Under Article 39, it is said that
providing social justice and people
welfare is the duty of the state
government.
10. Education and Inequality
• But, after the 86th Amendment to
the Constitution, Article 21A says
free and compulsory education to
all children between 6 and 14 years
is fundamental right of the children.
• Article 45 says all children under 14
years should be provided with free
and compulsory education.
11. Education and Inequality
• The Article 19 says that Right to Speak
and Right to express one’s own opinion
is the fundamental right.
• Article 29 provides for the Protection of
Cultural rights of the minorities
• Article 30 provides for the establishment
of Minority educational institutions.
12. Education and Inequality
• Article 46 clearly express that it is the duty of
the government to support the education
interest of Scheduled Caste and Tribes.
• The Supreme Court’s decision to understand
the Right to Live of Article 21 from education
perspective is an important one.
• All the citizens of the country have the basic
right for education. It is part of the right to
live.
13. Education and Inequality
• But, the opportunities for unequal
opportunities in education are on the rise
due to various legal issues.
• There is also a rise in inequality due to
differential economic standards in the access
to education.
• Still, the efforts to eradicate unequal
opportunities in the field of education are on
with the help of the Constitutional
provisions.
15. Gender Inequality
• In reality, our social perspectives are
interdependent.
• It means one person’s thoughts are
influenced by other’s thoughts.
• Such influences on an individual are
may be due to the thoughts of the
family members or from the
neighbours.
16. Gender Inequality
• Hence, the motivational issues
supporting education of a boy or a
girl has more in the social sphere of
human life.
• . There is more gender based
inequality in access to school
education, food and health facilities.
17. Gender Inequality
• Body Mass Index (BMI) is a
measurement of a person’s weight
with respect to his or her height. It is
more of an indicator than a direct
measurement of a person’s total body
fat.
18. Gender Inequality
• According to National Family Health
Survey-4 2015-16(NFHS-4), rural
women of Karnataka have a Body
Mass Index (BMI) of 24.3 whereas
the Urban women of 16.2. This
means the women have lesser BMI
19. Gender Inequality
• 60.9% of the children between 06 and 56
months have severe anaemia
• 45.2% of the pregnant women suffer
from anaemia.
• In this scenario, the development should
include the food and nutrition security
to the women and children.
