1. STUDY ON PILING
( SUMMER INTERNSHIP - 2010 AS A PART OF COURSE CURRICULUM )
MOHAN PRADEEP YADLAPALLI
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH
2. CONTENTS
• PROJECT BACKGROUND
• FOUNDATION
• AREA OF STUDY – PILE FOUNDATION
• SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PILES IN THE SITE
• BORING OF PILE SHAFT BY DMC METHOD
• CONCRETING
• PILE TESTS
• RATE ANALYSIS
• PILE STATUS IN BALLING BUILDING (P.P - 2)
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3. PROJECT BACKGROUND
Essar Steel Orissa Limited (ESOL) is establishing Steel Pellet Plant in
Paradeep, Orissa to produce 12 MTPA Steel Pellets.
Primary Objective:- Essar is planning to cater the captive demand of pellets
in Essar Plant at Hazira (ESHL) using the pellets produced from the Paradeep
plant using beneficiated slurry of 58-59 %Fe.
Stage 1
Beneficiation plant of 2 x 4 MTPA
Slurry Pipeline of 12 MTPA
Pellet Plant 1 x 6 MTPA
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4. FOUNDATION
• Foundation is the lowest part of a structure which
provides a base for the superstructure.
• This term includes the portion of the structure
below the ground level as well as the
arrangement of concrete block, piles, raft,
grillage, etc. that are provided to transmit the
loads on the structure including self weight of the
footing itself to the soil below.
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5. • Foundation – Purpose
• It is used to transmit the load of the structure to
the soil below.
• To distribute the weight of the structure over
large area so as to avoid over-loading of the soil
beneath.
• To load the substratum evenly & thus prevent
unequal settlement.
• To take the structure deep into the ground & thus
increase its stability, preventing overturning.
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8. Pile Foundations – Classification
PILES
Based on
Materials
Based on
method of
Installation
Based
on
Use
Based
on mode
of
Transfer
of load
Steel Piles
Concrete
Piles
Composite
Piles
Driven piles
Driven Cast
In
Situ piles
Bored Cast-
In –
Situ Piles
Friction
Piles
End Bearing
Piles
Tension
Piles
Sheet Piles
Compaction
piles
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10. • Salient Features of piles in the site
• Composition of pile : Concrete pile – M35 Grade
• Method of installation : Bored cast in situ
• Based on function : Friction Bearing pile
• Method of Boring : Direct Mud Circulation (DMC)
• Length of the pile : 23m below cut off level
• Diameter of piles : 450mm, 500mm, 600mm
• Total no. of piles : 539
• Sub contractor – Bhagaban Mohapatra Constructions
& Engineers Pvt. Ltd, Bhubaneshwar
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11. • Boring of Pile by DMC method
• Main accessories are
1. Tripod
2. Winch Machine
3. Bailor
4. Chisel
5. DMC rods
6. Tremie pipes
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15. • Steps to be taken care while boring a pile
• Ensure that the rigs are placed exactly on the pile
point.
• While lowering the reinforcement care should be
taken to ensure the lap length to be 50D
• Before washing, the density of bentonite to be
checked by using hydrometer
• The density of bentonite slurry should be in
between 1.03 gm/ml to 1.10 gm/ml
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16. • USE OF BENTONITE IN PILING
• In order to keep the sides of the bore intact bentonite is used for drilling by
suspending it in water to form a viscous material.
• Bentonite suspensions begin to take on the characteristics of a gel
• For these reasons it is a common component of drilling mud used to curtail
drilling fluid invasion and stabilise the bore.
• All bentonites have a capacity to exchange cations.
• Suggestions
• Mixing of bentonite should be done by Agitator rather than manual mixing.
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17. • Bentonite Properties
S.n
o
Type of Test Method of Test Permissible limits (at
20°C)
1 Density Mud balance or Hydrometer 1.03 g/ml to 1.1 g/ml
2 Viscosity Marsh cone 30 sec to 90 sec
3 pH Value pH paper strips 9.5 to 12
4 10minute Strength Gel Shearometer or vane shear
apparatus
1.4 to 10 N/m2
5 Liquid Limit Casagrande’s Apparatus Less than 300% & not
more than 450%
6 Free Swell Consolidation Apparatus Shall be more than
540%
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19. • The volume of the concrete hopper is 0.86Cum.
• For 450mm diameter pile
• Volume of concrete for 1m = 0.159m3
• For 500mm diameter pile
• Volume of concrete for 1m = 0.196m3
• For 600mm diameter pile
• Volume of concrete for 1m = 0.283m3
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20. • The length of one tremie pipe is 1.6m
• For 600mm diameter volume for 1m = 0.283m3
• Therefore for 1.6m volume of concrete = 0.453m3
• But the volume of concrete in the hopper is 0.86m3
• So at time one tremie pipe can be removed from the
pile shaft of 600mm diameter.
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21. • For 500mm diameter pile
• Volume of concrete for 1m = 0.196m3
• Therefore for 1.6m volume of concrete = 0.3136m3
• Volume of concrete hopper = 0.86m3
• So at a time two tremie pipes can be removed from
the pile shaft.
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23. Types of Pile Load Test
LOAD
TEST
DESTRUCTIVE
TEST
NON
DESTRUCTIVE
(NDT)
VERTICAL
LOAD TEST
LATERAL
LOAD TEST
PULL OUT
LOAD TEST
LOW STRAIN HIGH STRAIN
SONIC LOGGINGPILE INTEGRITY
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31. Typical PIT plot – For good pile
Typical PIT record for a doubtful pile
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32. Rate analysis for piles
• Rate analysis for 500mm diameter pile
• Assumptions considered are
Concrete Grade M – 35
Bore diameter 500mm
Bore depth 23m
EPIL’s Scope Concrete &
Reinforcement
are provided
free of cost
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33. Sub contractors cost – A
S.No Items Units Total Qty Rate per unit
(Given in
WO)
Total cost
1 Shifting of rigs and Boring cost (below cut off level) Metre 23m 800/m 18400
2 Reinforcement cost (Cutting, bending and placing
in bore)
MT 0.4951 7000 3466
3 Pouring Concretie – M35 M 23m 260 5980
4 Static compressive No 1 1160 1160
5 Routine static compressive No 1 1080 1080
6 Lateral load test No 1 350 350
Total Cost 30436
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34. Material cost - B
S.N
o
Description Quantity Cost Total Cost
1 Concrete – M35
Grade
4.665 Cum Rs
4250/Cum
Rs 19826/-
2 Reinforcement 495.094 Kg Rs
30000/ton
Rs 14852/-
Total Material Cost Rs 34678/-
Total Cost (A+B) Rs 65114/-
Over heads (10%
T.C)
Rs 6511/-
Profit (10% T.C) Rs 6511/-
Grand Total Rs 78136/-
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35. PILE STATUS
S. NO. PERIOD TOTAL
NO. OF PILES
COMPLETED
NO. OF PILES
REMAINING
1 FEB 539 60 479
2 MAR 479 162 317
3 APR 317 115 202
4 MAY 202 87 115
5 JUNE 115 66 49
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