This document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech reports the exact words spoken, using quotation marks, while indirect speech reports the general idea without quotations by changing pronouns and adjusting verb tenses. The document provides examples of how direct speech is transformed into indirect speech for declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory sentences. It also lists the rules for changing verbs, pronouns, adverbs, conjunctions, and other elements when changing from direct to indirect speech.

1. Reported Speech
Direct speech
Indirect speech

2. Direct Indirect
Person 1 person 3
Person 2 person 4

3. 



Declarative
Interrogative
Imperative
Exclamatory
Kinds of Sentences

4. DIRECT SPEECH
Arun said to Ram , " I am willing to join
Reporter reporting listener
Verb
in the music competition ".
Message
Transformation

5. Transformation
Indirect speech
Arun told Ram that he was willing
Reporting. Conjunction. Verb
Verb. (Tense )
to join in the music competition .

6. Conjunction
Declarative
Interrogative
Imperative
Exclamatory
that
If (or) whether, wh
word
to
that

7. Tense
Simple present
Present Continuous
present perfect
present perfect con.
simple past
past perfect
Simple past
Past continuous
past perfect
past perfect con.
past perfect
past perfect

8. Modals
Will
shall
can
May
Must
Would
would
could
might
had to

9. Adverb
Today
yesterday
tomorrow
last day/ year/ month
now
Here
this
These
That day
the previous day/ the day before
the next day
the previous day/month/year
then
there
that
those

10. Pronoun
I
we
you
he/she
It
He / she
they
You
he /she
that

11. Declarative
Direct :
Roshan said to Sam, " Shima reached Mumbai
yesterday.
Indirect:
Roshan told Sam that Shima had reached
Mumbai the day before.

12. Interrogative
Wh - question
DIRECT
Roshi said to Reema, " when will you start your
yoga classes?"
Indirect
Roshi asked Reema when she would start her
yoga classes.

13. Interrogative
Verbal question
Direct
Vijay said to Rithik, " Did Dylan get his new
mobile?
Indirect
Vijay asked Rithik if Dylan had got his new
mobile.

14. Imperative
Direct
The teacher said, " Mute your audio".
Indirect
The teacher ordered to mute their audio.

15. Exclamatory
Direct
Anu said to Sri, " Hurrah! We have completed our
project just now".
Indirect
Anu exclaimed with joy to Sri that they had
completed their project then.