Castles in Scotland. Parts of a castle The story of Mary Queen of Scots. Soldier ´ s uniform. Design your own coat of arms

2. Parts of the Castle

3. Curtain Wall: A defensive wall designed
to protect the bailey.
Bailey: A courtyard area.
Moat: A water-filled ditch surrounding
the castle to protect it from enemies.
Battlements: The top of a castle wall,
designed so that soldiers could fire
arrows through the gaps and then
quickly hide behind the wall.
Descriptions and Functions
Can you recognise the different parts
of the castle in the pictures?
Do you know the meaning of the
underlined words? If you don’t – look
them up in a dictionary J

4. Drawbridge: A bridge across the moat.
When the castle was under attack, the
drawbridge would be raised to stop the
enemy from entering.
Portcullis: A heavy spiked barrier (made
from metal or wood) to stop enemies
from entering the castle.
Keep: A fortified tower that was the
most impenetrable part of the castle. It
could be used as the Lord of the castle’s
bedroom, or to keep prisoners inside.
What is happening in this
picture? Can you describe the
scene?
Here are some words to help:
Attack, battle, fire, army, enemy,
castle, arrows, moat, field,
stone, tents

5. Activity: Draw or Make a Castle!
Instructions for Drawing:
1. First, get a piece of paper, a pencil and some colouring pencils.
2. Then, draw your own castle! Leave a space underneath for some writing.
3. Remember to include these different parts of the castle: Bailey, Keep, Curtain
Wall, Moat, Drawbridge, Portcullis and Battlements.
4. Label your castle with the vocabulary you have learnt.
5. Under your drawing, describe what is happening at the castle. For example:
‘The castle is under attack’ or ‘The King and Queen are in the Bailey’ or ‘The
soldiers are guarding the battlements’
6. Lastly, colour in your picture!

6. Activity: Draw or Make a Castle!
Instructions for Making a Castle:
1. First, get your materials. You will need cardboard, glue, scissors and paints or
colouring pencils. Try to recycle things you already have like toilet or kitchen paper
tubes, egg boxes and old cardboard boxes. You can also use old newspapers or
magazines to decorate the castle.
2. Next, think about the design of your castle – will it be big or small? Will it have
a drawbridge and a moat? Will you make paper flags and cut out widows in the
towers?

7. 3. Then, use these pictures as inspiration to make your castle.

8. 4.Think of all of the different pieces you need to make – the roofs, towers,
walls, windows, and door. You can use a pencil to draw the shapes you need
onto the cardboard. Then, use your scissors to carefully cut out the shapes.
5. It will be easier to decorate the shapes before you glue them together. So,
use your paint, colouring pencils, or pictures from magazines or newspapers to
decorate the pieces
6. Finally, glue all of your pieces together to make your castle complete!
This is how to make a cone roof!

9. Vocabulary:
Shoes, Socks, Kilt, Jacket, Hat, Cloak
Shirt, Sword, Sporran
P.S: A ‘kilt’ looks like a skirt. A
‘sporran’ looks like a small bag. A
‘cloak’ looks like a blanket.
Activity: Label the Scottish soldier’s uniform

10. The Story of Mary Queen of Scots
Mary Queen of Scots was born in 1542
and in fact became Queen of Scotland
when she was only six days old!
When she was five years old, Mary was
engaged to Francis, heir to the French throne,
and was sent to France.
Mary loved France. She studied hard, learnt
many languages, loved the outdoors and horse
riding.
Can you find all of the verbs in the past tense?

11. Linlithgow Palace
This is the Palace where Mary was born. There
is a statue of her there.

12. Stirling Castle
In 1543 Mary was crowned Queen of
Scotland at Stirling Castle.
This castle is built on an extinct volcano!

13. Edinburgh Castle
Mary’s husband died when she was 17. She had no choice but to return to Scotland, where she
got married again. In 1556, the nobles rebelled against Mary’s rule and seized the castle of
Edinburgh.
She was forced to give up the throne for her young son, who became James VI of Scotland.

14. Loch Leven Castle
Mary was held captive for the next 19 years of her life because she was a threat to the Queen of
England’s throne.
Mary was kept prisoner on this tiny castle in Loch Leven in Scotland for a whole year before she
escaped!
P.S: Remember ‘loch’ is the Scottish word for ‘lake’!

15. In 1587, Mary was executed at Fotheringhay Castle. She was accused for plotting
to overthrow the Queen of England, Queen Elizabeth I.
Fotheringhay Castle

16. Questions
1. What do you think about the story of Mary Queen of Scots? How
would you describe it? (Think of adjectives like ‘tragic’, ‘exciting’,
‘sad’, ‘interesting’…)
2. What do you think about castles after reading this story? What do
you think Mary felt like being kept in different castles for 19
years? (‘sad’, ‘happy’, ‘bored’, ‘angry’, ‘okay’) Why?
3. How old was Mary when she became Queen of Scotland?
4. Which castle was Mary crowned Queen at?
5. What did Mary love to do as a child in France?
6. What was Mary’s son named?
7. What was the name of the castle on the island where Mary was
imprisoned for a year?

17. Spot the Difference!
Use the phrases ‘has’ and ‘doesn’t have’ or ‘there is/are’ and ‘there isn’t/aren’t to describe
the differences between the pictures.
P.S: There are 10 differences!

18. Wordsearch

19. Coat of Arms
This is the Scottish coat of arms.
Latin motto, which means ‘No one provokes me with impunity’
The unicorn is the
Scottish national
animal
The Scottish flag
The Royal
Banner of
Scotland or ‘The
Lion Rampant’

20. Activity: Design your own Coat of Arms
You can fill in the
segments with
animals, patterns,
shapes or monsters!
Write your own
motto in the
scroll
underneath.
Think of the
meaning behind
the animals or
patterns you
choose. For
example, Lions
symbolise
bravery and
doves symbolise
peace.