herbal syrup

1. SANJIVANI COLLEGE OF
PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION AND
RESEARCH
Name :- Sonam Sinha
Class :- TYB-Pharm
Sec :- ‘A’
Roll no. :- 53
Topic :- formulation of herbal
syrup and formulation of herbal
tablet

2. CONTENT
• INTRODUCTION TO HERBAL SYRUP & TABLETS
• INGREDIENT USED IN HERBAL SYRUP & TABLETS
• ADVANTAGE OF HERBAL SYRUP & TABLETS
• CLASSIFICATION OF HERBAL SYRUP & TABLETS
• FORMULATION OF HERBAL SYRUP & TABLETS
• PREPARATION OF HERBAL SYRUP & TABLETS
• EXAMPLE OF HERBAL SYRUP & TABLETS
• PARAMETER OF HERBAL SYRUP & TABLETS

3. INTRODUCTION TO HERBAL SYRUP
Herbal syrup is prepared by adding concentrated decoction of herbs with either
honey or
sugar and we also use alcohol. The herbal syrup is made by decoction process.
Mixing a
decoction of herbs with sugar it helps to the formulation for thicken and preserve the
formulation. This was responsible to increase the shelf life of formulation. The added
sweetener can also help to increase the palatability of some herbs. The finally
obtained syrup to be delicious.
Most of herbal syrup was originally derived from plant herbal medicine refers to use
extract of fruit for medicinal purpose. Along with other dosage from herbal drugs also
formulated inform of syrups. Today syrup is used for treatment of many ailments and
to overcome symptoms of diseases. The antioxidant syrup is used to treat the cancer
because of many stress condition and other oxidative reaction in body the free

4. INGREDIENT USED IN HERBAL SYRUP
Following are the ingredients used in formulation of herbal syrup:-
1. Kiwi fruit: It consist fruit of plant Actinida deliciosa belonging to family
Actinida. It is uses as sleep inducer, antioxidant and contained vitamin C, It is
use specially in colon cancer.
2. Basil leaves: It consist of fresh leaves of plant Ocimum basilicum belonging
to family: Lamiale. It is uses as GIT disorder, eye disorder, CVS disorder,
diabetes mellitus and anti-tumor.
3. Orange peel: It consist fruit of plant Citrus sinesis belonging to family:
Rutaceae. It uses as anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and neurodegenerative disorder.
4. Sugar: It consist stem of plant Saccharum officinarum belonging to family:
Poaceae. It act as preservative and uses to increases shelf life of product.
5. Alcohol: It uses in small quantity act as preservative.

5. ADVANTAGES OF HERBAL SYRUP
● Herbal syrups have been used for centuries as a natural remedy for various
ailments. They are made from natural ingredients such as herbs, fruits, and
honey and are believed to have several health benefits.
Some of the advantages of herbal syrup include:
1. Boosting the immune system
2. Increasing energy
3. Losing weight
4. Enhancing mood
5. Improving sleep

6. CLASSIFICATION OF HERBAL SYRUP
● Herbal syrups can be classified into three types:
1. Flavoured syrups: These contain flavouring agents such as orange syrup
BPC, lemon syrup BPC etc.
2. Medicated syrups: These contain medicaments dissolved in them.
3. Artificial syrups: These are used for diabetic patients and are prepared from
polyols such as sorbitol, glycerine, propylene glycol or cellulose polymers such
as methyl cellulose, hydroxy methyl cellulose and artificial sweetener such as
sodium saccharine, sodium cyclamate. Artificial sweeteners are 500 times
sweeter than sucrose and they are non-caloric and they do not elevate the
blood glucose level.

7. PREPARATION OF HERBAL SYRUP
● Procedure: When herbal syrup is prepared by decoction method.
Steps are as follows :-
1. Four kiwi fruits (average weight of one fruit around 35 gm) were taken and its outer
coat was removed, then cut it into small pieces, then obtained pieces were added into
100ml of water then heated slowly to get extract. The extract got was filtered and then
cool. From whole extract 7 ml of solution is measured.
2. About 20gm peel obtained from two oranges was cut into small piece added to 100 ml
of
water then heated slowly to get extract. The extract got was filtered and then cool. From
whole extract 5 ml of solution is measured.
3. About 20 gm of basil leaves added into 100 ml of water, heated slowly to get extract.
The extract got was filtered and then cool. From whole extract 5 ml of solution is
measured.
4. Weight accurately 33.3ml of sugar.
5. All extract are mixed with each other and 50ml of syrup was obtained.

8. FORMULATION OF HERBAL SYRUP
● The formulation of herbal syrup is the process of preparing and producing syrup that
contains herbal extracts or decoctions as the active ingredients. The formulation of herbal
syrup may involve several steps, such as:
● - Selection of herbs: The herbs or plants that are used for the formulation of herbal syrup
should be chosen based on their traditional uses, pharmacological effects, safety profile,
availability, and compatibility. The herbs should be authenticated, standardized, and
quality-controlled to ensure their identity, purity, potency, and stability.
● - Extraction of herbs: The herbs or plants that are used for the formulation of herbal syrup
should be extracted using appropriate solvents and methods to obtain their active
constituents. The extraction process may vary depending on the type and nature of the
herbs, the desired yield and concentration, and the stability and solubility of the extract.
The extraction process may involve maceration, infusion, decoction, percolation, etc. The
extract should be filtered, concentrated, dried, and stored properly.
● - Preparation of syrup: The herbal extract or decoction that is used for the formulation of
herbal syrup should be mixed with either honey or sugar to form a thick and sweet liquid.
Honey or sugar helps to thicken and preserve the herbal extract or decoction.

9. FORMULATION OF HERBAL SYRUP
● It also improves the taste and palatability of some herbs. The amount of honey or sugar may
vary depending on the ratio of herbal extract or decoction to sweetener, which may range
from 1:1 to 2:1. The mixture should be heated gently until it reaches a desired consistency
and viscosity.
● - Addition of alcohol: The herbal syrup that is prepared from herbal extract or decoction and
honey or sugar may be further enhanced and preserved with the optional addition of alcohol.
Alcohol helps to prevent microbial growth and extend the shelf life of herbal syrup. It may also
have some therapeutic benefits depending on the type and amount of alcohol used. Alcohol
may be added as a pure form such as ethanol or brandy, or as a herbal tincture that contains
alcohol and herbal extract. The amount of alcohol may vary depending on the desired alcohol
content and preservation effect, which may range from 10% to 25%.
● - Evaluation of syrup: The herbal syrup that is formulated from herbal extract or decoction,
honey or sugar, and alcohol should be evaluated for its quality, safety, and efficacy. The
evaluation process may involve testing the syrup for its physical parameters such as
appearance, color, odor, taste, density, viscosity, pH, etc. The evaluation process may also
involve testing the syrup for its chemical parameters such as assay, content uniformity,
stability, impurities, etc. The evaluation process may also involve testing the syrup for its

10. EXAMPLE OF HERBAL SYRUP
● Some examples of herbal syrups include elderberry syrup, ginger syrup, hawthorn
berry syrup, rose hip syrup, licorice root syrup, schizandra berry syrup, and
Echinacea syrup.

11. EVALUATION PARAMETER OF HERBAL
SYRUP
1. Procedure to determine density
Formula for density: Density of liquid under test (syrup) = weight of liquid under test
/volume of liquid under test = w3/v
2. Procedure to determine Specific gravity
Formula for specific gravity: Specific gravity of liquid under test (syrup) = weight of liquid
under test /weight of water = w5/w4.
3. Procedure to determine Viscosity
● Formula for viscosity
● Viscosity = Density of test liquid × Time required to flow test liquid × Viscosity of water
/ Density of water × Time required to flow water
4. pH determination : The pH determination of syrup by using two techniques.
a) Glass electrode. b) pH paper.

12. INTRODUCTION TO HERBAL TABLETS
Herbal tablets are a type of herbal medicine that people can use to treat and prevent diseases.
Herbal medicines are the oldest form of health care known to mankind. herbs had been
used by all cultures through histography. It was an integral part of the development of
modern civilization. As time went on, each tribe added the medicinal power of herbs in
their area to its knowledge base. They methodically collected information on herbs and
developed well-defined herbal pharmacopeias.
A number of traditional herbal medicinal practices have been adopted for the diagnosis,
prevention, and treatment of various disease.
Herbal medicine (HM) is the fulcrum of complementary and alternative medicine, which in
recent times is increasingly gaining widespread popularity all over the world and
gradually streaming toward integration into the mainstream healthcare systems . The use
of HM cuts across gender, social and racial classes in both developing and developed
countries of the world .

13. INGREDIENT USED IN HERBAL TABLETS
Herbal tablets are made from natural compounds extracted from plant parts such as leaves,
bark, roots, seeds, or flowers. Herbal tablets may contain active ingredients that have
therapeutic benefits, as well as excipients that help with the formulation and stability of the
product.
Some of the ingredients that are commonly used in the formulation of herbal tablets are:
- Fillers: These are substances that add bulk and weight to the tablet, such as calcium
carbonate, lactose, starch, etc.
- Binders: These are substances that hold the tablet together and prevent it from breaking
apart, such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone, gelatin, acacia gum, etc.
- Lubricants: These are substances that reduce friction and prevent the tablet from sticking to
the equipment or the container, such as magnesium stearate, sodium benzoate, talc, etc.
- Disintegrants: These are substances that help the tablet to break down and release the active
ingredients in the body, such as sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, croscarmellose sodium,
alginic acid, etc.
- Coatings: These are substances that cover the tablet and protect it from moisture, light, or
damage, as well as improve its appearance and taste. They can be sugar-based, film-based, or
enteric-based.

14. ADVANTAGES OF HERBAL TABLET
● Herbal medicines are very cheap in comparison to the conventional form of
medication. It’s something which every pocket can afford, unlike other forms of
medication which can create a big hole in your wallet.
● Herbal medicines can be consumed without the aid of any kind of prescription.
They can be found very easily from a local drug store.
● Herbal medicines are known to be more productive in comparison to other forms
of medication in curing certain conditions. Unless mixed with other chemical
components, they are known to be all natural.
● One of the greatest benefit associated with herbal medicine is the non existence of
side effects. Also, they tend to offer long lasting benefits in terms of overall
wellness.
● Obesity is a growing problem which is known to have hazardous issues on an
individual’s health. Herbal medicine can help one deal with the problem of obesity
very effectively without consuming much time and efforts.

15. CLASSIFICATION OF HERBAL TABLET
● There is no universally accepted classification of herbal tablets, as different
countries may have different definitions and regulations for herbal medicines and
their products. However, one possible way to classify herbal tablets is based on
their ingredients, forms, and uses.
● Based on ingredients, herbal tablets may be classified as:
● - Single-herb tablets: These are tablets that contain only one type of herb or plant
extract as the active ingredient, such as ginkgo biloba, echinacea, or garlic.
● - Multi-herb tablets: These are tablets that contain a combination of two or more
herbs or plant extracts as the active ingredients, such as St. John's wort and
valerian, or turmeric and ginger.
● - Herbal-mineral tablets: These are tablets that contain both herbs or plant
extracts and minerals as the active ingredients, such as ashwagandha and zinc, or
ginseng and iron.
● - Herbal-vitamin tablets: These are tablets that contain both herbs or plant
extracts and vitamins as the active ingredients, such as chamomile and vitamin C,
or green tea and vitamin E.

16. CLASSIFICATION OF HERBAL TABLET
● Based on forms, herbal tablets may be classified as:
● - Uncoated tablets: These are tablets that have no coating on their surface and may
dissolve quickly in the mouth or stomach.
● - Coated tablets: These are tablets that have a thin layer of coating on their surface to
protect them from moisture, light, or damage, or to improve their appearance and taste.
They may be sugar-based, film-based, or enteric-based.
● - Chewable tablets: These are tablets that are designed to be chewed before swallowing
to release their active ingredients. They may have a pleasant flavor and texture to make
them more palatable.
● - Sublingual tablets: These are tablets that are placed under the tongue and dissolve
rapidly to deliver their active ingredients directly into the bloodstream. They may bypass
the digestive system and have a faster onset of action.

17. CLASSIFICATION OF HERBAL TABLET
● Based on uses, herbal tablets may be classified as:
● - Preventive tablets: These are tablets that are used to prevent diseases or to maintain
health and well-being. They may boost the immune system, increase energy, lose weight,
enhance mood, improve sleep, etc.
● - Curative tablets: These are tablets that are used to treat diseases or to alleviate
symptoms. They may have anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-
diabetic, anti-depressant, anti-anxiety, analgesic, etc. properties.
● - Supportive tablets: These are tablets that are used to support other treatments or
therapies. They may enhance the efficacy or reduce the side effects of conventional
medicines, such as chemotherapy or antibiotics. They may also complement other
alternative medicines, such as acupuncture or homeopathy.

18. FORMULATION OF HERBAL TABLET
● The formulation of herbal tablets is the process of preparing and producing tablets that
contain herbal extracts or powders as the active ingredients. The formulation of herbal
tablets may involve several steps, such as:
● - Selection of herbs: The herbs or plants that are used for the formulation of herbal tablets
should be chosen based on their traditional uses, pharmacological effects, safety profile,
availability, and compatibility. The herbs should be authenticated, standardized, and quality-
controlled to ensure their identity, purity, potency, and stability.
● - Extraction of herbs: The herbs or plants that are used for the formulation of herbal tablets
should be extracted using appropriate solvents and methods to obtain their active
constituents. The extraction process may vary depending on the type and nature of the
herbs, the desired yield and concentration, and the stability and solubility of the extract. The
extract should be filtered, concentrated, dried, and stored properly.
● - Preparation of granules: The herbal extract or powder that is used for the formulation of
herbal tablets should be converted into granules to improve its flowability, compressibility,
and uniformity. The granulation process may involve mixing the herbal extract or powder
with suitable excipients, such as fillers, binders, lubricants, disintegrants, and coatings.

19. FORMULATION OF HERBAL TABLET
● . The granulation process may use wet or dry methods depending on the properties of the
herbal extract or powder and the excipients. The granules should be dried, sieved, and
evaluated for their physical characteristics.
● - Compression of tablets: The granules that are used for the formulation of herbal tablets
should be compressed into tablets using a suitable machine and equipment. The
compression process may involve adjusting the weight, size, shape, hardness, thickness, and
friability of the tablets. The compression process should ensure that the tablets have
adequate strength, integrity, and appearance.
● - Evaluation of tablets: The tablets that are formulated from herbal extracts or powders
should be evaluated for their quality, safety, and efficacy. The evaluation process may
involve testing the tablets for their physical parameters, such as weight variation, hardness,
thickness, friability, disintegration time, dissolution rate, etc. The evaluation process may
also involve testing the tablets for their chemical parameters, such as assay, content
uniformity, stability, etc. The evaluation process may also involve testing the tablets for their
biological parameters, such as pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, bioavailability,
bioequivalence, etc.

20. PREPARATION OF HERBAL TABLET
● The preparation of herbal tablet is the process of making tablets that contain herbal extracts
or powders as the active ingredients. The preparation of herbal tablet may involve several
steps, such as:
● - Preparation of powder: The herbal extract or powder that is used for the preparation of
herbal tablet should be dried and powdered separately using suitable equipment and
techniques. The powder should be sieved and evaluated for its physical characteristics, such
as particle size, bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, etc.
● - Mixing of powder: The herbal powder that is used for the preparation of herbal tablet
should be mixed with suitable excipients, such as fillers, binders, lubricants, disintegrants,
and coatings. The mixing process should ensure a uniform distribution of the herbal powder
and the excipients in the blend. The mixing process may use different types of mixers
depending on the properties of the powder and the excipients.
● - Granulation of powder: The herbal powder that is used for the preparation of herbal tablet
may be granulated to improve its flowability, compressibility, and uniformity. The
granulation process may involve adding a liquid binder to the powder blend and forming
wet granules.

21. PREPARATION OF HERBAL TABLET
● The wet granules should be dried, sieved, and evaluated for their physical characteristics.
Alternatively, the granulation process may involve compressing the powder blend into slugs
or flakes and breaking them into dry granules. The dry granules should be sieved and
evaluated for their physical characteristics.
● - Compression of granules: The granules that are used for the preparation of herbal tablet
should be compressed into tablets using a suitable machine and equipment. The
compression process may involve adjusting the weight, size, shape, hardness, thickness, and
friability of the tablets. The compression process should ensure that the tablets have
adequate strength, integrity, and appearance.
● - Coating of tablets: The tablets that are prepared from herbal granules may be coated with
a thin layer of coating material to protect them from moisture, light, or damage, or to
improve their appearance and taste. The coating process may involve spraying a liquid
coating solution onto the tablets in a rotating pan or drum. Alternatively, the coating process
may involve dipping or brushing the tablets with a coating solution. The coated tablets
should be dried and evaluated for their physical characteristics.

22. EXAMPLES OF HERBAL TABLET
• Herbalife Aloe Plus Tablet: This is a tablet that contains aloe vera extract and chamomile
extract. It claims to support digestive health and immunity. It also claims to have anti-
inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
• Zandu Giloy Capsule: This is a capsule that contains giloy extract, which is a traditional
Ayurvedic herb. It claims to have antioxidant properties and support natural immunity. It also
claims to help in fever, infections, and chronic diseases.
• Pure Nutrition Ayurvedic Tulsi & Giloy Extract Tablet: This is a tablet that contains Tulsi
extract and giloy extract, which are both traditional Ayurvedic herbs. It claims to have
antioxidant properties and support natural immunity. It also claims to help in respiratory
health, skin health, and stress relief.

23. PARAMETERS OF HERBAL TABLET
● The parameter of herbal tablet are the criteria or standards that are used to evaluate the
quality, safety, and efficacy of herbal tablets. The parameter of herbal tablet may include
physical, chemical, and biological parameters that are tested using various methods and
instruments.
● Some of the parameter of herbal tablet are:
● - Physical parameters: These are the parameters that measure the physical characteristics of
herbal tablets, such as weight variation, hardness, thickness, diameter, friability,
disintegration time, dissolution rate, etc.
● - Chemical parameters: These are the parameters that measure the chemical composition
and properties of herbal tablets, such as assay, content uniformity, stability, impurities, etc.
● - Biological parameters: These are the parameters that measure the biological effects and
interactions of herbal tablets, such as pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, bioavailability,
bioequivalence, etc.

24. •“The more that you read, the more things
you will know. The more that you learn, the
more places you’ll go.” - Dr. Seuss
Thank you!