2. HESIVE FORCE
THE FORCE OF ATTRACTION BETWEEN
MOLECULES OF SAME SUBSTANCE
ADHESIVE FORCE
THE FORCE OF ATTRACTION BETWEEN
MOLECULES OF DIFFERENT
SUBSTANCES E.G. FEVICOL ADHESIVE
TAPE , GUM
3. Surface tension
Surface tension is the property of the liquid by
virtue of which the free surface of liquid at
rest tends to have minimum area and acts
like a stretched membrane.
4. DEFINITION
SURFACE TENSION OF
A LIQUID IS MEASURED
AS THE FORCE ACTING
ON UNIT LENGTH OF A
LINE IMAGINED TO BE
DRAWN ON THE FREE
SURFACE OF THE
LIQUID AT REST
5. Surface tension on the basis of
molecular theory
The force of attraction between molecules is due to
electrical interaction between the charges
The maximum distance up to which the molecule can
attract some other molecule is range of molecular
forces
Sphere of radius is equal to range of molecular forces
about given molecule as centre is called sphere of
influence
The thin film of liquid near the surface and having
thickness equal to molecular range is called surface
film
7. Surface energy
Surface energy is the work done per unit
increase in surface area
Numerically
Surface energy = surface tension
=> S = σ
Surface energy = work done/ΔArea
=> S = W/ΔA
8. Angle of contact
Angle of contact @is the angle made by the
tangent to the liuid surface at the point of contact
with the solid surface inside the liquid
Angle of contact may be
Acute
Obtuse
or 90”
9. Capillarity
The rise and fall of
liquid in a tube of very
fine bore is called
capillarity
10. Factors affecting surtace tension
Surface tension depends on temperature
Surface tension decreases with increase in
temperture
Surface tension depends on impurities present
in the liquid
highly soluble substances increase the surface
tension of water
whereas sparingly soluble substances decrease
the surface tension
11. Practical applications of surface
tension
Cleaning action of
detergents
Breeding of mosquitoes
is prevented by pouring
kerosene on stagnant
water
Paints have a low value
of surface tension
Antiseptics have low
value of surface tension
12. Explain why
Hot soup tastes better than cold one
Why needle coated with grease floats on the
surface of water
Why drop of liquid under no external force is
always spherical in shape
Small pieces of camphor dance on the water
surface