What is H2S gas? Where do you find H2S? Effects of H2S. Detection of H2S. First-aid and Rescue procedures. Hierarchy of control

1. Hydrogen Sulfide
Silent Killer
1 Jan 2021
supervised by:
DR. Hamed Harby
Presented by:
Habiba Yasser Gouda & Loay Reda Alaswad

2. Table of Contents
◈ What is H2S gas?
◈ Where do you find H2S?
◈ Effects of H2S.
◈ Detection of H2S.
◈ First-aid and Rescue procedures.
◈ Hierarchy of control.
21 Jan 2021

3. What is H2S gas?
1 Jan 2021

4. What is H2S gas?
4
H2S common names :
• Sewer Gas
• Swamp Gas (Marshy area)
• Sour Gas
• Stink Damp (mines)
• Rotten egg gas
• Sulfuretted Hydrogen
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Composition :
H2S is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one sulfur atom.

5. Properties of H2S
5
Color less
Rotten egg smell at low
concentration
Paralysis Olfactory Nerve at Higher
Concentration
FlammableCorrosive
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Heavier than Air
Air
H2S

6. 6
• H2S is a formed by the decomposition of organic
materials rich in sulfur by bacteria in the absence
of air.
• H2S is generated as a common by product of
industrial and manufacturing process
HOW IS HYDROGEN SULFIDE FORMED?
• During the formation of Oil and gas H2S
is simultaneously formed.
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7. Where do you
find H2S?
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8. Where do you find H2S?
8
Sewer and sewage
treatmentfacilities
Leather Tanning Industry/ Sugar /
Paper pulpMills
Undergroundmining.
Geothermal EnvironmentProcess platform/Refineries Dredgingoperation
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9. Where do you find H2S?
9
◈ Oil and gas wells
◈ Gas plants.
◈ Refineries
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10. 101 Jan 2021
HOW IS HYDROGEN SULFIDE FORMED?
New technologies employed in oil and gas
production, especially from unconventional
resources, also can contribute to generation or
delay of appearance of H2S.
Steam-assisted gravity drainage and hydraulic
fracturing used in production of oil sands and shale
oil/gas, respectively, can potentially convert the
sulfur content of the petroleum into H2S or
contribute excess amounts of H2S during
production.

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Sweet and Sour Crude oil
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A sweet crude typically contains < 0.5% sulfur
- refined into gasoline, kerosene, and high-
quality diesel.
A Sour crude typically contains > 0.5% sulfur.
- refined into heavy oils such as diesel and
fuel oil, both less valuable than the gasoline
products created from sweet crude.

12. Distribution of
Crude Types in
Egypt
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13. 13
Distribution of Crude Types in Egypt
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Suez Blend
• The Suez Blend comes from
aging offshore fields in the
Gulf of Suez.
• API gravity of 30.4 and a
sulfur percentage of 1.65%.
• Ras Shukeir
Belayim Blend
• The Belayim Blend is sourced
from aging offshore fields in
the Gulf of Suez.
• API gravity of 27.5, making it
a medium crude, but its value
is decreased by its high sulfur
percentage of 2.2%.
• Wadi Ferran
Western Desert Blend
• The Western Desert Blend,
unlike the Belayim and
Suez blends, is sourced
from newer fields and not
in decline.
• API gravity of 41.1 and
sulfur percentage of 0.34%,
making it both light and
sweet.

14. Effects of H2S
1 Jan 2021

15. Effects of H2S
15
H2 S is also transported to the CNS by
RBC. H2 S paralyze CNS.
CNS cannot give inputs to respiratory
system. Person stops breathing.
H2 S blocks O2 from bonding to RBC
causing O2 Deprivation
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16. Effects of H2S
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17. Effects of H2S
17
Primary Route of Entry is by INHALATION
Body mass
Physical
Condition
Age
Smoker
/Non-Smoker
Drug/Alcohol
Compatibility
Exposure Duration (HOW LONG?)
Exposure Concentration (HOW MUCH?)
Frequency (HOW MANY TIMES?)
Individual Susceptibility (IMMUNE SYSTEM)
People with chronic lung disease may suffer those effects at a
lower PPM
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18. Exposure Limit
18
Long Term Exposure Limit (LTEL)
- which is the maximum exposure permitted over an 8-hour period per 5 days.
OEL / WEL Conc. of H2S
Long Term Exposure Limit(LTEL) 10 PPM
Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun
8hrs. 8hrs. 8hrs. 8hrs. 8hrs.
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19. Exposure Limit
19
Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL)
- is the maximum exposure permitted over a 15-minute reference period.
15 min 1 hr. 15 min 1 hr. 15 min 1 hr. 15 min
OEL / WEL Conc. of H2S
Short Term Exposure Limit(STEL) 15 PPM
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20. Exposure Limit
20
Immediate Danger to Life and Health (IDLH)
The exposure at which hazard, such as a toxic gas, poses an immediate threat to health or
life, For H2S IDLH is100 PPM
OEL / WEL Conc. of H2S
Long Term Exposure Limit(LTEL) 10 PPM
Short Term Exposure Limit(STEL) 15 PMM
Immediate Danger to Life and Health(IDLH) 100 PMM
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21. Effects of H2S
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H2S can cause serious damage to metal used in the drilling and production,as well as the
seals used to keep the fluids and pressure within thesystem
It reflects on the economics : cost of product loss, repair and replacement of expensive
equipment and pipelines.

22. Detection of H2S
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23. Detection of H2S
Detectors that mount on your body or are handheld.
Designed to give off an alarm when exposed to a
predetermined level of H2S.
23
PORTABLE H2S GAS DETECTOR :
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24. Detection of H2S
Fixed monitors are typically used in larger sites for
continuous monitoring. If H2S levels increase above
certain limits, an alarm will be activated. Fixed alarms
are commonly programmed to set off an alarm at 10
ppm.
24
FIXED OR REMOTE MONITORS:
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25. Detection of H2S
Resembling a credit card, these monitors can be
carried and will change colors depending on the gas
levels. Some can also set off an alarm if exposure
exceeds a certain level.
25
BADGES:
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26. Detection of H2S
NIOSH-certified clear tubes about the size of a pen,
they provide an appropriate measure of H2S
concentrations. The tube changes color depending
the H2S level.
26
DETECTOR TUBES:
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27. Detection of H2S
- Lead acetate strips usually turn brown or black due to H2S.
- The degree of the color indicates the gas’s concentration.
While helpful for determining if H2S is present, coated strips
should not be the only tools used as an indicator because
they are not accurate.
27
COATED STRIPS:
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28. First-aid and
Rescue procedures
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29. First-aid and rescue
29
🏃
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1- Call for help if possible.
2- Only attempt rescue while wearing a SCBA or other air respirator.
3- Move co-worker to fresh air as quickly as possible.
4- Move upwind or crosswind from H2S source.

30. First-aid and rescue
30
🏃
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5- If co-worker is breathing, administer oxygen while
keeping him or her in a resting position.
6- Thoroughly wash eyes if affected by H2S.
7- Begin artificial respiration.
8- Promptly transport the victim to a hospital while
continuing to give artificial respiration.
9- Inform hospital your co-worker has been exposed to H2S.

31. Hierarchy of control
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32. 32
Hierarchy of controls
1- Eliminate :
- Remove the hazard or avoid the activity.
2- SubstituteReduce :
- Reduce the amount or the concentration of the hazardous
substance.
3- Isolate :
- Isolate workers from dangerous work areas.
4- Engineering controls :
• Where practical, install effective exhaust ventilation.
• Monitoring and detecting H2S levels.
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Hierarchy of controls
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5- Administrative Controls :
A) Education : Workers must be taught how to prevent and recognize H2S poisoning, and how to
give first aid to those overcome by the gas. Workers must be taught and practice how to use
protective breathing equipment through Training, drills, TBT, Safety meeting

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Hierarchy of controls
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5- Administrative Controls :
B) Labelling and posting :
• Workers must have easy access to the MSDS.
• Wherever an H2S leak or buildup is possible, warning signs
bearing“ Hydrogen Sulfide” plus precautions must be posted
just outside at the entrances to the area

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Hierarchy of controls
1 Jan 2021
5- Administrative Controls :
C) Emergency plans : Where H2S is used, employers must train
workers in H2S hazards, emergency procedures, escape routes,
and the location of emergency equipment and safe areas.

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Hierarchy of controls
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5- Administrative Controls :
D) Changing work pattern : job rotation, reducing duration and frequency of exposure

37. 37
Hierarchy of controls
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5- Administrative Controls :
E) Regular maintenance : To lessen the risk
of leaks, regularly check pipes, valves, tanks,
and containers of dangerous gases and
liquids

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Safety equipment needs to be adequate enough to protect workers from the
hazards of H2S and readily placed to ensure easy access.
General equipment is required, such as eyewear and protective clothing, but more
specialized gear is also needed. Because skin absorption is minimal, employers
will want to focus on establishing and maintaining a respiratory protection
program.
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Hierarchy of controls
6- PPE:

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Hierarchy of controls
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6- PPE:
Inhalation is your main concern
◈ Inhalation
◈ Skin contact
You can be exposed to H2S through:
Use available personal protective equipment (for example, self-contained
breathing apparatus) and personal monitors, as required

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Hierarchy of controls
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6- PPE:
◈ Positive-pressure full-face piece hose line/air
line supplied-air respirator (SAR) and carry
an escape pack
◈ Positive-pressure self-contained breathing
apparatus (SCBA)
ANSI and the American Petroleum Institute (API)
recommend wearing one of the following respirators
when you work in environments with more than 10 ppm
H2S:

41. H2S can kill
so treat it
with extreme
caution!!!
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42. Thanks!
Any questions?
421 Jan 2021