1. Wendy A. Mitteager
State University of New York, Oneonta
Chapter 3 Lecture
Human Geography: Places and
Regions in Global Context
Sixth Edition
Population Geography

2. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Key Concepts
• Census
• Demographics
• Population Dynamics
• Movement of Population
• Population Patterns
• Sustainable Development
Figure 3.1 Biometric census taking in
India, 2011

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Demography
• Characteristics of a
human population
– Gender, race, age, income,
disabilities, education, etc
• Census
– Vital records
– Limitations
Figure 3.2 Accuracy of
the 1990 U.S. census
Apply your knowledge: Give an example, other than the
Iraq case, of how the census is more than just counting
people.

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Population Distribution
Figure 3.3 World population density, 2010

5. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Population Distribution, (cont'd)
• Geographic reasons
– Environmental &
physical factors
– Political & economic
experiences
– Cultural
characteristics
• Examine at many
scales
– Global, national,
regional, metropolitan
Figure 3.4 Population distribution of Egypt

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[Insert Figure 3.A]
A New Sense of Identity, USA
Figure 3.A Mixed-race
Americans
Figure 3.B Mixed-race Americans, by region

7. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Population Density and Composition
• Crude (arithmetic)
density
• Nutritional density
• Agricultural density
Figure 3.5 Mexico City, a classic high-density
urban settlement

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Health Care Density
Figure 3.6 Countries with a high proportion of old people face unique challenges. This map
shows the ratio of physicians to the population by nation.

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Age-Sex Pyramids
• Shape of pyramid
is dependent on
proportion of
people in each
age cohort
• Dependency ratio
Figure 3.7 Population of Germany by age
and sex, 2000

10. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 3.8 Population Pyramids of Core and Peripheral
Countries
Age-Sex Pyramids, (cont'd)
Apply your knowledge: Why do researchers divide the
population of a country into youth, middle, and old-age
cohorts? What do these categories indicate about the
potential of a country's population?

11. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
U.S. Population
• Baby Boom generation
– Born 1946-1964
• Demographic, political,
and economic factors
– Suburbanization
• Aging of the core
countries
• Impacts on younger
Americans
– The Net Generation
Figure 3.D Improved health care leading to
longer life expectancies

12. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
U.S. Population, (cont'd)
Figure 3.9 U.S. baby boomers, 1960-2040

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Birth (or Fertility) Rates
• Crude birthrate (CBR)
• Total fertility rate (TFR)
• Doubling time
Table 3.3 TFR provides more insight into the
potential of a population

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Death (or Mortality) Rates
• Crude death rate (CDR)
• Infant mortality rate
• Life expectancy
Figure 3.12 World crude death rates, 2009 &
2010

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Death (or Mortality) Rates, (cont'd)
Figure 3.14 World infant mortality rates 2009

16. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 3.13
World Rates of Natural Increase, 2009

17. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 3.15
HIV Infection, 2010
Apply your knowledge: How does the level of wealth of
a country affect its ability to respond to health issues like
HIV/AIDS, infant mortality, or life expectancy?

18. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Demographic Transition Theory
Figure 3.16 Demographic
transition model
Figure 3.17 World trends in birth and
death rates, 1775-2050

19. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Demographic Transition Theory, (cont'd)
Apply your knowledge: Why would a country be
concerned about its population being too small? What
might a country gain by increasing or decreasing the
birthrate?

20. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
• Voluntary migration
– Guest workers
– Undocumented
workers
• Forced migration
• Refugees
• Internally displaced
persons (IDPs)
Mobility and Migration
• Emigration
• Immigration
• International &
internal migration
– Permanent &
temporary
• Gross & net migration
• Push and pull factors

21. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Mobility and Migration, (cont'd)
Figure 3.18 Global voluntary migration, 2005

22. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Mobility and Migration, (cont'd)
• Great Recession and
undocumented
workers
• Transnational
migrants
• Eco-migration
Figure 3.19 Controversy surrounds
immigration over the U.S./Mexico border. The
Samaritans' mission is to end immigration
related death and suffering.

23. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 3.E Internally displaced persons, 2007
Mobility and Migration, (cont'd)

24. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Mobility and Migration, (cont'd)
Figure 3.21 Iraqi diaspora before 2003
and since
Figure 3.22 Palestinian refugees
in the Middle East

25. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Mobility and Migration, (cont'd)
Figure 3.23 Changing demographic center of
the U.S. 1790-2010
Figure 3.24 U.S. Rustbelt -- where population
was impacted by the movement of
corporations

26. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Population Debates and Policies
• Population and
Resources
– Malthus
– Neo-Malthusians
• Population policy
Figure 3.29 Educating girls in
Afghanistan
Figure 3.27 World population
projections

27. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Population Issues
• Sustainable
Development
• Gender Issues
• Neoliberalism
Apply your knowledge: What do you consider to be
the most pressing issue with respect to global
population growth? Why?

28. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Future Geographies
• 2011 population:
nearly 7 billion
• Projected to
increase
– 9.3 billion by 2050
– Core vs. periphery
growth
• What will happen in
the future?
– How will urban
systems keep up?
Figure 3.31 Shanghai, China: one of
the world's largest cities at 14 million

29. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
End of Chapter 3