© 2022 Walden University, LLC Perspectives on Aging Case Study The Case of Frank Frank is an 81-year-old African American male who lives alone in a rural community. His wife died 2 years ago, and he has four adult children. His eldest son Samuel lives next door, while the other three children live within 3–10 miles from his home. Samuel prepares Frank’s meals and checks on him every day before and after work. Additionally, his other children and a neighbor try to visit him semi-regularly, as time allows during the week and weekend. One evening after returning late from work, Samuel discovered his father on the floor, injured from a fall which resulted in a minor head injury and broken hip. Frank was hospitalized for 4 weeks and then transferred to a skilled nursing facility for a month of rehabilitation. Upon completion of rehabilitation, Frank was discharged home to the care of his son. He received limited home health care services for 8 weeks. Frank had been taking several prescribed medications, including insulin and blood thinners. Although he needs assistance preparing meals from scratch and showering, he is able to heat food in the microwave, feed himself, and use the sink to bathe. Frank has expressed his desire to continue living at his home throughout the remainder of his lifetime. He often states, “I’ve raised my children in this house, and I lived in this house for over 50 years, and this is where I want to spend my final days.” His children support his wishes to age in place. However, Samuel has expressed frustration with the current circumstances. If he took a different shift at work a few days a week, he would be eligible for more money. But Samuel feels he would not be able to look after his father to the same degree that he does now and has expressed feeling conflicted and trapped. He knows his obligation partially is the result of him living next door, although Samuel has always been close to his father, so he also feels a strong desire to do all he can to help. Both Frank and Samuel report that the three other adult children do not do much beyond their semi-regular visits. A co-worker of Samuel’s encouraged him to explore community-based programs that might be able to lend assistance. Frank has urged him to do this, as well, acknowledging that his son’s devotion to him may be limiting Samuel’s ability to pursue opportunities, both at work and socially. It show 78% match Can you work it due midnight today.. 2 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Case Study Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is normally experienced by individuals who have been exposed to a traumatic event such as brutal personal assaults, terroristic attacks, severe accidents, or cataclysms. 3 Some of the symptoms characterizing PTSD are negative thoughts, avoiding behaviors, intrusive thoughts, and hyperarousal symptoms like hypervigilance, sleep disorders, and irritability, which may result in impairments ...

1. © 2022 Walden University, LLC
Perspectives on Aging Case Study
The Case of Frank
Frank is an 81-year-old African American male who lives alone
in a rural community.
His wife died 2 years ago, and he has four adult children. His
eldest son Samuel lives
next door, while the other three children live within 3–10 miles
from his home. Samuel
prepares Frank’s meals and checks on him every day before and
after work.
Additionally, his other children and a neighbor try to visit him
semi-regularly, as time
allows during the week and weekend.
One evening after returning late from work, Samuel discovered
his father on the floor,
injured from a fall which resulted in a minor head injury and
broken hip. Frank was
hospitalized for 4 weeks and then transferred to a skilled
nursing facility for a month of
rehabilitation. Upon completion of rehabilitation, Frank was
discharged home to the care
of his son. He received limited home health care services for 8
weeks.
Frank had been taking several prescribed medications, including
insulin and blood
thinners. Although he needs assistance preparing meals from

2. scratch and showering,
he is able to heat food in the microwave, feed himself, and use
the sink to bathe.
Frank has expressed his desire to continue living at his home
throughout the remainder
of his lifetime. He often states, “I’ve raised my children in this
house, and I lived in this
house for over 50 years, and this is where I want to spend my
final days.”
His children support his wishes to age in place. However,
Samuel has expressed
frustration with the current circumstances. If he took a different
shift at work a few days
a week, he would be eligible for more money. But Samuel feels
he would not be able to
look after his father to the same degree that he does now and
has expressed feeling
conflicted and trapped. He knows his obligation partially is the
result of him living next
door, although Samuel has always been close to his father, so he
also feels a strong
desire to do all he can to help. Both Frank and Samuel report
that the three other adult
children do not do much beyond their semi-regular visits.
A co-worker of Samuel’s encouraged him to explore
community-based programs that
might be able to lend assistance. Frank has urged him to do this,
as well,
acknowledging that his son’s devotion to him may be limiting
Samuel’s ability to pursue
opportunities, both at work and socially.

3. It show 78% match Can you work it due midnight today..
2 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Case Study Post-traumatic
stress disorder (PTSD) is normally experienced by individuals
who have been exposed to a traumatic event such as brutal
personal assaults, terroristic attacks, severe accidents, or
cataclysms. 3 Some of the symptoms characterizing PTSD are
negative thoughts, avoiding behaviors, intrusive thoughts, and
hyperarousal symptoms like hypervigilance, sleep disorders, and
irritability, which may result in impairments in numerous
cognitive domains such as attention, memory, and autonomic
arousal (Dossi et al., 2020). 4 In this regard, PTSD’s symptoms
and signs usually appear to reflect an abnormal and persistent
adaptation of neurobiological systems towards the stress
associated with the traumatic event experienced. According to
Watkins, Sprang & Rothbaum (2018), the neurobiological
systems that help in regulating stress responses include specific
neurotransmitter and endocrine pathways and brain region’s
network whose function is regulating fear behavior at conscious
as well as unconscious levels. In addition, recent research by
Dossi et al. (2020) has linked neurobiological changes among
PTSD patients to such clinical features as altered
extinction/learning, intermittent dissociative behavior, and
heightened arousal.
DSM-5 defines PTSD as a psychiatric disorder occurring among
individuals who experience a traumatic event such as a brutal
personal assault, terroristic attack, or severe accident (Watkins,
Sprang & Rothbaum, 2018). According to Pai, Suris & North
(2017), the DSM-5 criteria for PTSD includes: 5 exposure to
threatened or actual death, sexual violence or serious
injury; 6 presence of intrusion symptoms related to traumatic
events such as distressing memories, recurrent distressing
dreams, dissociative reactions like flashbacks, prolonged or
intense psychological distress, or psychological reactions to
cues that symbolize the traumatic event; persistent avoidance to

4. stimuli related to the traumatic experience; 3 negative
alterations in mood and cognitions related to the traumatic
event; market changes in reactivity and arousal associated with
the traumatic event; duration of the above experiences
exceeding one month; 7 disturbance causing clinically
significant impairment or distress in such areas of functioning
as occupational and social aspects; and disturbance that cannot
be attributed to physiological impact of a medical condition or
substance use.
3 After an analysis of the symptomatology presented in the case
study and comparing it with the DSM-5 criteria for PTSD, it
may be argued that the case presentation provides sufficient
information to derive a PTSD diagnosis. For instance, Joe
would become very anxious when presented with anything that
would remind him of the accident, the stretch of road that the
accident occurred, the type of car that hit them, and news about
the incident. In addition, he experienced difficulties in falling
asleep, had a lot of nightmares, became physically aggressive at
home and school, would even have outbursts in class, and even
had fights with older siblings at home.
8 The psychotherapy treatment for Joe is prolonged exposure,
which is effective in treating PTSD. According to Watkins,
Sprang & Rothbaum (2018), prolonged exposure seeks to alter
fear structures among patients such that they are not
problematic anymore. Prolonged exposure involved
psychoeducation regarding PTSD as well as other common
responses to trauma, breathing retraining, as well as imaginal
exposure and in vivo exposure. Imaginal exposure is associated
with clients approaching emotions, thoughts, and memories
related the traumatic event while in vivo exposure helps clients
in approaching people, places, and situations that tend to avoid
due to the traumatic event (Pai, Suris & North, 2017). Notably,
personal exposure may be considered to be the “gold standard
treatment” from a clinical perspective. 9 Gold standard,
evidence-based treatments from clinical practice guidelines are
instrucmental in psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioners as

5. they are able to separate one mental condition from another,
thus choosing the best course of treatment action.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
It is estimated that more almost 7% of the U.S. population will
experience posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in their
lifetime (National Institute of Mental Health, 2017). This
debilitating disorder often interferes with an individual’s ability
to function in daily life. Common symptoms of anxiousness and
depression frequentl y lead to behavioral issues, adolescent
substance abuse issues, and even physical ailments. For this
Assignment, you examine a PTSD video case study and consider
how you might assess and treat clients presenting with PTSD.
To prepare:
· Review this week’s Learning Resources and reflect on the
insights they provide about diagnosing and treating PTSD.
· View the media Presentation Example: Posttraumatic Stress
Disorder (PTSD) and assess the client in the case study.
· For guidance on assessing the client, refer to Chapter 3 of the
Wheeler text.
Note: To complete this Assignment, you must assess the client,
but you are not required to submit a formal comprehensive
client assessment.The Assignment
Succinctly, in 1–2 pages, address the following:
· Briefly explain the neurobiological basis for PTSD illness.
· Discuss the DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for PTSD and relate
these criteria to the symptomology presented in the case study.
Does the video case presentation provide sufficient information
to derive a PTSD diagnosis? Justify your reasoning. Do you
agree with the other diagnoses in the case presentation? Why or
why not?
· Discuss one other psychotherapy treatment option for the
client in this case study. Explain whether your treatment option
is considered a “gold standard treatment” from a clinical

6. practice guideline perspective, and why using gold standard,
evidence-based treatments from clinical practice guidelines is
important for psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioners.
Support your Assignment with specific examples from this
week’s media and at least three peer-reviewed, evidence-based
sources. Explain why each of your supporting sources is
considered scholarly. Attach the PDFs of your sources.
Presentation Example: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) -
YouTube