Medicine has evolved greatly over thousands of years from early primitive practices to modern scientific medicine. Early medicine men used herbalism and supernatural beliefs to treat illness, while ancient cultures in places like Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, and China began developing more formal medical systems. Hippocrates established core medical ethics in ancient Greece. Advances continued through Roman, Islamic, and European civilizations. Germ theory and public health revolutionized medicine in the 19th century, separating curative, preventive, and social aspects of modern medicine.

1. MAN AND
MEDICINE

2.  THE SCIENCE OR PRACTICE OF THE
DIAGNOSIS
TREAMENT &
PREVENTION OF DISEASE.
MEDICINE

3. HISTORY OF MEDICINE
 Medicine man, priest, herbalist & magician
took various ways to cure or give relief to sick.
 Medical knowledge has been derived to
present extent by the observations and
experiences of different fields of medicines.

4. PRIMITIVE MEDICINE
 Medicine was conceived in SYMPATHY
and born out of NECESSITY.
 The reasons behind the sickness were
SUPERNATURAL AGENTS like gods,
holy people AND ghosts-Supernatural theory of disease

5.  It’s practice has been traced 10,000yrs
back and is still practiced in remote
areas of ASIA, AFRICA & SOUTH AMERICA.

6. INDIAN MEDICINE
AYURVEDA and SIDDHA systems of
medicine are truly Indian in origin.
Unani – Tibb system ( Greek Medicine )
Homoeopathy system ( Germany )

7. It implies “KNOWLEDGE OF LIFE” OR
“KNOWLEDGE BY WHICH LIFE
MAY BE PROLONGED”
AYURVEDA
Dated back to 5000 BC and is developed from
“ATHARVAVEDA”
TRIDOSHA THOERY has 3 DOSHAS / HUMORS
VATA – wind
PITTA - gall
KAPHA - mucous

9. ATREYA
( 800 BC )
FIRST GREAT INDIAN PHYSICIAN &
TEACHER

10. CHARAKA
(200 AD)
Mentioned about 500 Drugs in his Book
“CHARAKA SAMHITA” based on teachings
of ATERYA.

11. SUSRUTA
He compiled his
Surgical knowledge in
“SUSRUTA SAMHITA”
(800 BC-400AD)
“FATHER OF INDIAN
SURGERY”

12. CHINESE MEDICINE
 It is based on two principles :-
YANG (active masculine principle )
YIN (negative feminine principle )
 Were early pioneers of IMMUNIZATION
practiced variolation for SMALLPOX.

13. ACUPUNTURE
BAREFOOT DOCTORS :-
ACQUIRED LOCAL KNOWLEDGE
ABOUT PLANTS & HERBS &
MADE MEDICINES BY
WANDERING UP HILLS & DOWN
DALES ON BARE FOOT.

14. Egyptians INVENTED PICTURE WRITING &
RECORDED THEIRWORKS ON PAPYRUS.
IMHOTEP–AUTHOR OF EDWIN SMITH
PAPYRUS (3000-2500 BC) In which he describes partial
paralysis following Cerebral Lesions in skull fractures.
EGYPTIAN MEDICINE

15. MESOPOTAMIAN MEDICINE
“ CRADLE OF CIVILIZATION ” – (6000 yrs ago)
Oldest medical prescription is from
MESOPTAMIA dating back to 2100 BC.

16. Babylonian King Hammurabi issues
the first written law code, the Code
of Hammurabi, based on revelation
from Shamash, the god of justice.
It had Laws that governed the conduct of
physicians And provided for health practices.

17. Greek medicine
Civilizers of ancient world

18. EARLY LEADER IN GREEK MEDICINE
A
E
S
C
U
L
A
P
I
U
S

19. Asclepius
• Greek god of medicine and healing. The son of Apollo and
Coronis, Asclepius had five daughters, Aceso, Laso,
Panacea, Aglaea and Hygiea.
• The main attribute of Asclepius is a physician's staff with
an Asclepiad snake wrapped around it; this is how he was
distinguished in the art of healing, and his attribute still
survives to this day as the symbol of the modern medical
profession.

20. He had two daughters : -
HYGIEA (goddess of health - preventive)
PANACEA (goddess of medicine - curative)
Thus dichotomy between
curative & preventive medicines
began early.
He is still cherished in
MEDICAL circles by this
Symbol of
medicine.

21. HIPPOCRATES (460 - 370 BC )
FATHER OF MEDICINE
 HIPPOCRATIC OATH IS
KEY STONE OF MEDICAL
ETHICS.
ALSO KNOWN TO BE AN
EPIDEMIOLOGIST.
“AIR,WATER & PLACES”
IS A TREATISE ON SOCIAL
MEDICINE & HYGIENE.

22. ROMAN MEDICINE
Romans borrowed their medicine from Greeks whom they
had conquered but were more practical.
G
A
L
E
N
He observed that Disease is due
to
3 Factors – Predisposing
exciting &
Environmental factors

23. MIDDLE AGES
THE PERIOD BETWEEN 500 - 1500 AD
THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD IS THEREFORE CALLED
“DARK AGES OF MEDICINE”
LEADERS IN ARABIC MEDICINE WERE
THE PERSIANS:
ABU BECR [865 - 925] –
RHAZES WROTE A BOOK ON
“CHILDREN’S DISEASES”

24. CONTRIBUTED TO PHARMACOLOGY.
INTRODUCED WIDE RANGE OF SYRUPS.
SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY LEAD TO
ESTABLISHMENT OF HOSPITALS.
IBN SINA [980 - 1037] –
AVICENNA
COMPILED
“CANON OF MEDICINE”

25. DAWN OF SCIENTIFIC MEDICINE
THE PERIOD FOLLOWING 1500 AD WAS MARKED
BY REVOLUTIONS.
REVIVAL OF MEDICINE
PARACELSUS [1493 - 1541] - REVIVED MEDICINE.
FRACASTORIUS : “THEORY OF CONTAGION”
FOUNDER OF EPIDEMIOLOGY.
ANDREAS VASALIUS: PERFORMED DISSECTIONS.
AMBROISE PARE: “FATHER OF SURGERY”.

26. THOMAS SYDENHAM :
“FIRST DISTINGUISHED EPIDEMIOLOGIST”
WILLIAM HARVEY-
“BLOOD CIRCULATION”
LEEUWENHOEK -
“MICROSCOPE”

27. SANITARY AWAKENING
IN 19TH CENTURY THE GREAT CHOLERA
EPIDEMIC LEAD EDWIN CHADWICK TO
BRING FORTH PUBLIC HEALTH ACT - 1848
IN ENGLAND.

28. RISE OF PUBLIC HEALTH
JOHN SNOW : -
“EPIDEMIOLOGY OF
CHOLERA”
ESTABLISHED ROLE OF
POLLUTED DRINKING
WATER IN SPREAD OF
CHOLERA.

29. GERM THEORY OF DISEASE
LOUIS PASTEUR -
“GERM THEORY OF DISEASE”
ROBERT KOCH -
DISCOVERED
“ANTHRAX BACILLI”

30. BIRTH OF PREVENTIVE
MEDICINE
JAMES LIND - ADVOCATED
INTAKE OF FRESH FRUITS
AND VEGETABLES TO
PREVENT SCURVY.
EDWARD JENNER -
VACCINATION AGAINST
“ SMALLPOX”

31. CHOLERA VACCINE
[1892]
ANTI-TYPHOID VACCINE
[1898]
DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN
[1894]

32. FURTHER ADVANCEMENT
MODES OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION
MALARIA - FEMALE
ANOPHELES MOSQUITO
- ROSS [1898]
AFRICAN SLEEPING SICKNESS - TSETSE FLY - BRUCE [1896]
YELLOW FEVER - AEDES
- WALTER REED [1900]

33. MODERN MEDICINE
MODERN
MEDICINE
CURATIVE
MEDICINE
PREVENTIVE
MEDICINE
SOCIAL
MEDICINE
CONCEPT OF MULTIFACTORIAL CAUSATION
BY MUNICH [1819 - 1901]

34. CURATIVE MEDICINE: -
NOT MERELY TREATING THE DISEASE
BUT TO PRESERVE THE LIFE ITSELF AS
FAR AS IT COULD BE POSSIBLE.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE:-
ART OF SCIENCE OF HEALTH
PROMOTION, DISEASE PREVENTION,
DISABILITY LIMITATION &
REHABILITATION.

35. SOCIAL MEDICINE:-
DEALS WITH CARE OF PATIENTS,
PREVENTOIN OF DISEASE AND
ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICAL
SERVICES & CARE.