2. Definition
Typhoid is also known Enteric fever
Typhoid is an infection caused by the bacterium
S.typhi
The bacterium lives in the intestines and bloodstream
of humans.
It spreads between individuals through direct contact
with the feces of a person with an infection.
No animals carry this disease, so transmission is
always from human to human.
5. Causes
Typhoid is caused by the bacteria S. Typhi.
It spreads through food, drinks, and drinking water that are
contaminated with infected fecal matter.
Washing fruit and vegetables can spread it as well if the water
is contaminated.
6. Symptoms
Symptoms typically begin 1–3 weeks after exposure to the
bacteria.
The two main symptoms of typhoid are fever and rash.
Typhoid fever is particularly high, gradually increasing over
several days up to 104ºF.
The rash, which does not affect every person, consists of rose-
colored spots, particularly on the neck and abdomen.
7. Other symptoms can include:
Diarrhea
loss of appetite
bloating
nausea
weakness
abdominal pain
constipation
headaches
8. Prevention
Sanitation and hygiene are important to prevent typhoid.
It can spread only in environments where human feces can
come into contact with food or drinking water.
Careful food preparation and washing of hands are crucial to
prevent typhoid.
11. Antibiotic therapy is the only effective treatment
for typhoid fever.
1.These antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin (Cipro), may be a first
choice.
2.Cephalosporins.
3.Macrolides.
4.Carbapenems.
Treatment
