This document provides a brief history and overview of the game of chess. It discusses the origins of chess in India in the 15th century. It then summarizes the development of the game and some notable players through history from the 19th century tournaments in London to modern day dominance by Russian players. The document also provides details on the goal of chess to checkmate the opponent's king and defines the movement rules for each piece type. It concludes with explanations of additional rules and concepts like castling, en passant captures, checkmate, and different ways a game can end in a draw.

1. CHESS
MR. CARLO JUSTINO J. LUNA
Malabanias Integrated School
Angeles City
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Unit 3 – Indoor Recreational Activities

2. HISTORY

3. Brief History
of Chess
ORIGIN
• Chess is a game that has been played for
centuries and was thought to have
originated in India over the 15th
century.
• Long ago, it was considered a game
reserved only for Kings and members
of the upper classes.
• Nowadays, chess is played by common
people even at early age.

4. Brief History
of Chess
ORIGIN
• The modern design of chess pieces
bears the name Staunton, who was an
English master in the mid-18OO's.
• These are the type of pieces that are now
used in all tournaments worldwide.

5. Brief History
of Chess
ANDERSSEN
• London Tourney – the first
international chess tournament played in
1851
• Adolf Anderssen – a German who
won the game, London Tourney.
• He became the unofficial best chess player
of the world because he did not receive
any award or title.

6. Brief History
of Chess
MORPHY
• Paul Morphy – the first great
American-born chess player
• Paul traveled to Europe in the 185O's,
where he beat all challengers, including
Adolf Anderssen.
• However, the English champion of the time
(Staunton) refused to play with him, so
Morphy never became a world chess
champ.

7. Brief History
of Chess
STEINITZ
• The first official championship chess
tournament was played in 1866 in
London, with sand clocks to restrict the
length of a game.
• Steinitz – a Bohemian (Czechoslovakian)
Jew who won the game
• He became the world's first official chess
champion, holding this title until 1894.

8. Brief History
of Chess
TODAY
• Recently, Russia dominates the game of
chess. This results from the establishment
of government schools for talented chess
players after the communist revolution of
1917.
• Since 1927, many of the top chess players
have been citizens of the former USSR, and
include: Tal, Alekhine, Petrosian, Spassky,
Smyslov, Anatoli Karpov, and Gary
Kasparov.

9. GOAL

10. GOAL
• Chess is a game played between two
opponents on opposite sides of a board
containing 64 squares of alternating
colors. Each player has 16 pieces: 1
king, 1 queen, 2 rooks, 2 bishops, 2 knights,
and 8 pawns.
• The goal of the game is to checkmate
the other king. Checkmate happens when
the king is in a position to be captured (in
check) and cannot escape from capture.

11. CHESS
PIECES

12. CHESS
PIECES Pieces
on the
Board
White
Diagram
Pieces
Black
Diagram
Pieces
King Queen Bishop Knight Rook Pawn

13. King
& Queen
King Queen
⊙The King’s crown has a
rounded shape. King’s has a
cross on top of their crown.
⊙The Queen’s crown has
a pointed shape.

14. Bishop
⊙The shape of the Bishop used in printed chess
diagrams is based on the Bishop’s Mitre, a
liturgical headpiece worn by the bishop when
exercising his office.
⊙Two bands called “lappers” hang from the
back of the Mitre down onto the shoulders.
A Bishops’ Mitre
Clipart courtesy FCIT, http://etc.usf.edu/clipart
Chess Bishop
for print diagrams
These are
lappers, not
“feet”
The cleft
between the front
and back of the
Mitre became the
diagonal cut in the
Bishop chess piece.

15. Knight
⊙The shape of the Knight used in
printed chess diagrams is the head
of a Knight’s horse.
Statue, Doncaster Knights
Rugby Club
© Copyright Dave Pickersgill and licensed for
reuse
Chess Knight
for print diagrams

16. Rook
⊙ The shape of the Rook used in printed
chess diagrams is a circular tower
from a castle.
Winsor Castle
© Derek A R., 2005 licensed for reuse
Chess Rook
for print diagrams

17. Pawn
⊙Swiss infantry formed pike squares of 100 infantry men
in a 10 x 10 array, each holding a long pointed staff. A
well-drilled pike square was impenetrable by cavalry
and very mobile.
⊙Notice how the pikeman’s helmet and armor
looks like a pawn.
Pikeman’s Armor, 1600-1630 A.D.
© mharrsch, licensed for reuse
Chess Pawn
for print diagrams

18. Pike
Square

19. CHESS BASICS

20. CHESS
BASICS
⊙How to Set Up the Chess Board
⊙Basic Rules
 How the Pieces Move
 Rules for Castling
 En Passant Pawn Captures
 Checkmate – How a game is won
 The Ways to Draw a Game

21. CHESS
BASICS
“White to the right”
Put the white corner to
the right side
Switching this can make a
game invalid.
If the board has letters,
they should read A-H for
the white player.
SETTING UP A CHESS BOARD

22. CHESS
BASICS
“Queen on her color”
⊙ White Queen is on a
white square.
⊙ Black Queen is on a
shaded square.
“A lady wants her shoes
to match her dress.”
Check this before you
start the game.
SETTING UP THE PIECES

23. CHESS
BASICS
“Add the pieces in
alphabetical order, going
out from the King &
Queen.”
Bishops next to K & Q
Knights next to Bishops
Rooks in the Corners
Switching a Bishop and
a Knight is a common mistake in
setting up the board.
PIECES IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER

24. CHESS
BASICS
Now the board
is ready to play
chess!
ADD THE PAWNS IN FRONT

25. CHESS
BASICS
 White (corner) to the right
 Queen on her color
 Add pieces alphabetically from the
center
 Pawns in Front
RULES FOR SETTING UP BOARD

26. HOW THE PIECES
MOVE

27. Rooks move to vacant
squares in a
horizontal or vertical
straight line.
Rooks must stop
before their own
pieces, or they can
capture an
opponent’s piece and
occupy that square.
MOVING ROOKS

28. Bishops move to
vacant squares in a
diagonal straight line.
Bishops must stop
before their own
pieces, or they can
capture an
opponent’s piece and
occupy that square.
MOVING BISHOPS

29. Knights move in an
“L”, two squares in
one direction and one
square at a right
angle.
Knights jump over
pieces of any color.
MOVING KNIGHTS
Knights can capture opponent’s pieces, but
not their own pieces.

30. The Queen combines
the moves of the
Rook and the
Bishop. The Queen
moves to vacant
squares in a straight
line.
The Queen must stop
before her own pieces,
or she can capture an
opponent’s piece and
occupy that square.
MOVING THE QUEEN

31. The King moves
one square in any
direction, but
cannot stay in or
move to a square
under attack by an
opposing piece, or
occupy a square
that has one of his
own pieces.
MOVING THE KING

32. The King may
capture an
unprotected piece,
even if it is
attacking him.
Castling is done
with both the King
and Rook in the
same move.
MOVING THE KING

33. Pawns move
forward, either one
or two empty
squares on their
first move, and only
one empty square
after that.
MOVING PAWNS

34. Pawns may capture
opponent’s pieces
that are one
diagonal square in
front of it.
A Pawn cannot
capture a piece
directly in front of
it.
MOVING PAWNS

35. Pawns allowed able to take
an opponent’s pawn “en
passant”
(French for “in passing”).
When the opponent’s pawn
moves two squares, the pawn
can captures as if the pawn
only moves one square.
“EN PASSANT” CAPTURE

36. This en passant capture
MUST be done immediately
(on the very next move), or
the option to capture this
way is lost.
“EN PASSANT” CAPTURE

37. CASTLING
1. The King & Rook have not yet
moved in the game.
2. All squares between the King
and Rook are empty.
3. The King is not in check.
4. The King does not move to or
move over a square that is in
check.
RULES FOR CASTLING

38. CHECKMATE  Checkmate is when one player’s King is
threatened and there is no legal move
to meet the threat.
 The player giving checkmate wins the
game.
 A player can resign when their position
is hopeless. It is a loss, but it saves time
& shows they knew they lost.
CHECKMATE AND WHEN TO
RESIGN

39. DRAW
1. By agreement with your opponent
2. Repeating the same position three
(3) times, with the same person to
move and the same possible moves
3. Stalemate: The player to move has
no legal moves and is not in check
4. The 50-Move Rule: 50 moves
without a check or a piece being
captured
4 WAYS TO DRAW A GAME

40. DRAW
 To request a draw:
1. You must be the player to move
2. Make your move
3. Offer a draw before touching the
clock. The offer is considered on
your time, not your opponent’s time.
 If your opponent offers a draw, he
often thinks he is losing. Check what
winning chances you have.
ABOUT DRAWS

41. 50-MOVE
DRAW
 The opposite-color
Bishops can avoid
each other, and
avoid capture by the
King forever.
 This will be a draw
eventually, if one is
not offered and
accepted.
50-MOVE DRAW EXAMPLE

42. PERFORMANCE

43. APPLICATION
1. Name each chess piece.
2. Set up the chess board.
3. Demonstrate how each chess piece
moves.
4. Demonstrate castling and en passant
capture.
5. Explain the four rules in castling.
6. Demonstrate on a chess board four
ways a chess game can end in a draw.
PERFORMANCE

44. THANKS!
CHESS
MR. CARLO JUSTINO J. LUNA
Malabanias Integrated School
Angeles City
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Unit 3 – Indoor Recreational Activities