2. CHESS
Chess is a board game between two players. It
is sometimes called international chess or
Western chess to distinguish it from related
games, such as xiangqi and shogi. Chess
originated as chaturanga in ancient India and
from there it made its way to Persia, the
Byzantine empire and the Arab world.
4. ORIGIN
• Chess is a game that has been played for centuries and was thought to have
originated in India over the 15th century
• Long ago, it was considered a game reserved only for Kings and members of the
upper classes.
• Nowadays, chess is played by common people even at early age.
• The modern design of chess pieces bears the name Staunton, who was an English
master in the mid-1800's.
• These are the type of pieces that are now used in all tournaments worldwide.
5. ANDERSSEN
• London Tourney — the first international chess tournament played
in
1851.
• Adolf Anderssen — a German who won the game, London Tourney.
• He became the unofficial best chess player of the world because he
did not receive any award or title.
6. MORPHY
• Paul Morphy- the first great American-born chess player
• Paul traveled to Europe in the 1850’s, where he beat all challengers, including
Adolf Anderssen.
• However, the English champion of the time (Staunton) refused to play with him,
so Morphv never became a world chess champ
7. STEINITZ
• The first official championship chess tournament was played in 1866
in London,
with sand clocks to restrict the length of a game.
• Steinitz — a Bohemian (Czechoslovakian) Jew who won the game
• He became the world’s first official chess champion, holding this
title until 1894.
8. TODAY
• Recently, Russia dominates the game of chess. This results from the establishment
of government schools_for talented chess plavers after the communist revolution
of 1917.
• Since 1927, many of the top chess players have been citizens of the former USSR,
and include: Tal, Alekhine, Petrosian, Spassky, Smyslov, Anatoli Karpov, and Gary
Kasparov.
10. • Chess is a game played between two opponents on opposite sides
of a board containing 64 squares of alternating colors. Each player
has 16 pieces: 1 king, 1 queen, 2 rooks, 2 bishops, 2 knights, and 8
pawns.
• The goal of the game is to checkmate the other king. Checkmate
happens when the kin is ina osition to be ca tured in check) and
cannot escape from capture.
13. • The King’s
crown has a
rounded shape.
King’s has a
cross on top of
their crown.
• The Queen’s
crown has a
pointed shape.
KING & QUEEN
14. BISHOP
• The shape of the Bishop used in
printed chess diagrams is based on
the Bishop's Mitre, a liturgical
headpiece worn by the bishop
when exercising his office.
• Two bands called "lappers" hang
from the back of the Mitre down
onto the shoulders.
15. KNIGHT
• The shape of the knight used in
printed chess diagrams is the
head of a Knight’s horse.
16. ROOK
• The shape of the Rook used in printed
chess diagrams is a circular tower from
a castle
17. PAWN
• Swiss infantry formed pike squares
of 100 infantry men in a 10 x 10
array, each holding a long pointed
staff. A well-drilled pike square was
impenetrable by cavalry and very
mobile.
20. A CHESS BOARD
• “White to the right” Put the
white corner to the right
side.
• Switching this can make a
game invalid.
• If the board has letters, they
should read A-H for the
white player.
21. • “Queen on her color”
• White queen is on a white
square.
• Black Queen is on a shaded
square.
• “A lady wants her shoes to
match her dress. “ Check this
before you start the game.
THE PIECES
22. • ALPHABETICAL ORDER “Add the pieces
in alphabetical order, going out from
the King & Queen.”
• Bishops next to K & Q
• Knights next to Bishops Rooks in the
Corners
• Switching a Bishop and a Knight is a
common mistake in setting up the
board.
• Add the pawns in front
THE PIECES
25. MOVING ROOKS
• Rooks move to vacant squares in a
horizontal or vertical straight line.
• Rooks must stop before their own
pieces, or they can capture an
opponent's piece and occupy that
square.
26. MOVING BISHOPS
• Bishops move to vacant squares in
a diagonal straight line.
• Bishops must stop before their
own pieces, or they can capture
an opponent's piece and occupy
that square.
27. MOVING KNIGHTS
• Knights move in an "L" two
squares in one direction and one
square at a right angle.
• Knights jump over pieces of any
color.
• Knights can capture opponent's
pieces, but not their own pieces.
28. MOVING THE KING
• The King moves one square in any
direction but cannot stay in or move to
a square under attack by an opposing
piece, or occupy a square that has one
of his own pieces.
• The King may capture an unprotected
piece, even if it is attacking him.
• Castling is done with both the King and
Rook in the same move.
29. MOVING THE QUEEN
• The Queen combines the moves
of the Rook and the Bishop. The
Queen moves to vacant squares in
a straight line.
• The Queen must stop before her
own pieces, or she can capture
an opponent's piece and occupy
that square.
30. MOVING PAWNS
• Pawns move forward either one or two
empty squares on their first move, and
only one empty square after that.
• Pawns may capture opponent's pieces
that are one diagonal square in front
of it.
• A Pawn cannot capture a piece directly
in front of it.
31. EN PASSANT"CAPTURE
Pawns allowed able to take an opponent's
pawn "en passant" (French for “in
passing"
When the opponent's pawn moves two
squares, the pawn can captures as if the
pawn only moves one square.
This en passant capture
MUST be done immediately (on the very
next move), or the option to capture this
way is lost.
32. RULES FOR CASTLING
1.The King & Rook have not yet moved in the game.
2.All squares between the King and Rook are empty.
3.The King is not in check.
4.The King does not move to or move over a square that is in
check.
33. CHECKMATE AND WHEN TO RESIGN
• Checkmate is when one player's King is threatened and there
is no legal move to meet the threat.
• The player giving checkmate wins the game.
• A player can resign when their position is hopeless. It is a loss,
but it saves time & shows they knew they lost.
34. 4 WAYS TO DRAW A GAME
1.By agreement with your opponent
2.Repeating the same position three (3) times with the same
person to move and the same possible moves
3.Stalemate: The player to move has no legal moves and is not in
check
4.The 50-Move Rule: 50 moves without a check or a piece being
captured
35. ABOUT DRAWS
• To request a draw:
1.You must be the player to move
2.Make your move
3.Offer a draw before touching the clock. The offer is considered on
your time, not your opponent's time.
• If your opponent offers a draw, he often thinks he is losing. Check
what winning chances you have.
36. 50-MOVE DRAW EXAMPLE
• The opposite-color Bishops can avoid each other, and
avoid capture by the King forever.
• This will be a draw eventually, if one is not offered and
accepted.
