3. Writing can be grouped into
five basic types: technical,
creative, expressive, expository,
and persuasive. To help
understand technical writing, it
may help to compare it to the
other types.
4. Expressive writing
•is a subjective response to a
personal experience—
journals and diaries—whereas
technical writing might be
objective observations of a
work-related experience or
research.
5. Expository writing
• “exposes” a topic analytically and
objectively, such as news reports.
Like technical writing, the goal of
expository writing is to explain or
reveal knowledge, but expository
writing does not necessarily expect a
response or action from the reader.
10. Key Differences:
• In creative writing the most of the part is
self-created, although the idea might be
inspired but in technical writing the facts
are to be obliged and the note is delivered
from leading on what previously other
greats have concluded.
11. • Most commonly, the creative writing is
for general audience or for masses but
technical writing is for specific
audience.
• The creative writing entertains people
as it has poetry or some illustrations or
another idea, whereas the technical
writing causes boredom as it follows the
strong pattern based on facts and is just to
transfer the information to the audience
12. • In technical writing the specialized
vocabulary, such like scientific terms and
other are used while in creative writing,
one can go with slang or evocative phrases
or even something which can be perceived
well by the audience.
• Humor, satire might be the useful
essences in creative writing but such
thoughts or ideas have no link with the
technical writing.
13. Imaginative Writing vs. Academic Writing
• Creative writing is different to academic
writing. Writing for websites is different
to writing for newspaper columns
• Journal entries are different to writing
press releases on behalf of a brand.
Writing purposes do vary. It’s important
that when undertaking any writing you
have a firm grasp on this concept.
14. Let’s look at the fundamental differences
between academic and creative writing.
The Principal Difference
Style is the chief difference between
academic and creative writing.
Creative writing need not adhere to any
specific style parameters. Academic
writing is different.
15. Academic writing needs to be
structured and executed adhering to a
series of guidelines.
Indeed, so stringent are these
guidelines that academic institutions
include these guidelines as part of their
curriculum.
16. One kind of writing – academic writing –
is rigid, procedural, purposed purely to
convey knowledge, data and information.
It’s orderly, organized and follows a
formula. It is necessary. It can be dull.
Anyone can master it. Everyone should
master it.
17. The other kind of writing – creative
writing – is inspired, artistic and
entertains with word pictures, concepts
and deep meaning. It is enjoyable to read.
It touches us while teaching us. It’s an art
form. It’s not necessary to learn, but a joy
to those who do.
18. Academic writing will earn you A’s,
creative writing may get you published.
Academic writing must be taught, but
rarely is; creative writing is optional, but is
almost always the focus of writing
curricula.
19. Overall, creative writing allows for more
personal expression whereas
academic/scholarly writing aims to
explore an idea, argument, or concept.
Academic writing requires more factual
evidence for support, and presents
challenges such as the pressure of time.
They each have their own purpose
20. What is Creative Writing?
• Also known as 'the art of making things
up,' creative writing is a vital part of
modern society.
• Traditionally referred to as literature,
creative writing is an art of sorts - the art
of making things up. It's writing done in a
way that is not academic or technical but
still attracts an audience.
21. • Though the definition is rather loose,
creative writing can for the most part be
considered any writing that is original and
self-expressive.
22. The purpose…
• The purpose of creative writing is to both
entertain and share human experience,
like love or loss.
• Writers attempt to get at a truth about
humanity through poetics and storytelling.
23. • If you'd like to try your hand at creative
writing, just keep in mind that whether
you are trying to express a feeling or a
thought, the first step is to use your
imagination.
24. Types of creative writing include:
• Poetry
• Plays
• Movie and television scripts
• Fiction (novels, novellas, and short
stories)
• Songs
• Speeches
• Memoirs
• Personal essays
25. • As you can see, some nonfiction types of
writing can also be considered creative
writing.
• Memoirs and personal essays, for
example, can be written creatively to
inform your readers about your life in an
expressive way.
• Because these types are written in first
person, it's easier for them to be creative.
26. Techniques used in creative writing include:
• Character
development
• Plot development
• Vivid setting
• Underlying theme
• Point of view
• Dialogue
• Anecdotes
• Metaphors and
similes
• Figures of speech
• Imaginative
language
• Emotional appeal
• Heavy description
27. Sensory Details in Writing:
Definition & Examples
• The writer's ability to create a gripping and
memorable story has much to do with
engaging our five senses.
28. Sensory Details Definition
• Sensory details include sight, sound,
touch, smell, and taste. Writers employ the
five senses to engage a reader's interest. If
you want your writing to jump off the page,
then bring your reader into the world you
are creating. When describing a past event,
try and remember what you saw, heard,
touched, smelled, and tasted, then
incorporate that into your writing.
29. Sensory details are used in any great
story, literary or not. Think about your
favorite movie or video game.
• What types of sounds and images are
used?
• What do your favorite characters taste,
smell, and touch?
• Without sensory details, stories would fail
to come to life.
30. • When sensory details are used, your
readers can personally experience
whatever you're trying to describe,
reminding them of their own experiences,
giving your writing a universal feel. A
universal quality is conveyed when the
writer is able to personally connect with
the readers.
31. • Another note about sensory details:
- there is no one sense that's more
important than another. It all depends on
the scene you're trying to create. However,
imagery, the sight sense, is a common
feature in vivid writing.
32. Let's look at sensory details in action. Compare
the following two passages describing a trip to
the grocery store.
• Here's a passage without sensory details:
'I went to the store and bought some flowers.
Then I headed to the meat department. Later I
realized I forgot to buy bread.‘
Now, does this pull you in? Of course it
doesn't. There's nothing to bring you into the
writer's world.
33. Read this revised version with the addition of
sensory details:
• 'Upon entering the grocery store, I headed
directly for the flower department, where I
spotted yellow tulips. As I tenderly rested the
tulips in my rusty shopping cart, I caught a
whiff of minty dried eucalyptus, so I added
the fragrant forest green bouquet of
eucalyptus to my cart. While heading for the
meat department, I smelled the stench of
seafood, which made my appetite disappear.’
• See how the extra details made that scene come to life?
34. • Writing with the senses is an important
part of writing well. Adjectives bring
writing to life and pull the reader into the
text and help activate his or her
imagination.
• Sensory details help the reader feel like he
or she was there and create a more
intimate connection to the narrator or
writer and a greater understanding of the
text. Adjectives help set mood and tone in
the text and help establish a strong voice.
37. Imagery
• It can be defined as a writer or speaker’s use
of words or figures of speech to create a vivid
mental picture or physical sensation.
• Imagery is language used by poets,
novelists and other writers to create
images in the mind of the reader.
38. Examples of Imagery
• Imagery using visuals:
The night was black as ever, but bright
stars lit up the sky in beautiful and
varied constellations which were
sprinkled across the astronomical
landscape.
• In this example, the experience of the night sky is
described in depth with color (black as ever,
bright), shape (varied constellations), and pattern
(sprinkled).
39. • Imagery using sounds:
Silence was broken by the peal of piano keys as
Shannon began practicing her concerto.
• Here, auditory imagery breaks silence with the
beautiful sound of piano keys.
40. • Imagery using scent:
She smelled the scent of sweet hibiscus
wafting through the air, its tropical smell
a reminder that she was on vacation in a
beautiful place.
• The scent of hibiscus helps describe a scene
which is relaxing, warm, and welcoming.
41. • Imagery using taste:
The candy melted in her mouth and
swirls of bittersweet chocolate and
slightly sweet but salty caramel blended
together on her tongue.
• Thanks to an in-depth description of the
candy’s various flavors, the reader can almost
experience the deliciousness directly.
42. • Imagery using touch:
After the long run, he collapsed in the
grass with tired and burning muscles.
The grass tickled his skin and sweat
cooled on his brow.
• In this example, imagery is used to describe the
feeling of strained muscles, grass’s tickle, and
sweat cooling on skin.
43. Imagery is language used by poets,
novelists and other writers to create
images in the mind of the reader.
Imagery includes figurative and
metaphorical language to improve the
reader’s experience through their
senses.
44. Example 1
Imagery using visuals:
• The night was black as ever, but
bright stars lit up the sky in beautiful
and varied constellations which were
sprinkled across the astronomical
landscape.
45. • In this example, the experience
of the night sky is described in
depth with color (black as ever,
bright), shape (varied
constellations), and pattern
(sprinkled).
46. Example 2
Imagery using sounds:
• Silence was broken by the peal of piano
keys as Shannon began practicing her
concerto.
Here, auditory imagery breaks
silence with the beautiful sound of
piano keys.
47. Example 3
Imagery using scent:
• She smelled the scent of sweet hibiscus
wafting through the air, its tropical smell a
reminder that she was on vacation in a
beautiful place.
The scent of hibiscus helps describe
a scene which is relaxing, warm, and
welcoming
48. Example 4
Imagery using taste:
• The candy melted in her mouth and swirls
of bittersweet chocolate and slightly sweet
but salty caramel blended together on her
tongue.
Thanks to an in-depth description of
the candy’s various flavors, the
reader can almost experience the
deliciousness directly.
49. Example 5
Imagery using touch:
• After the long run, he collapsed in the
grass with tired and burning muscles. The
grass tickled his skin and sweat cooled on
his brow.
In this example, imagery is used to
describe the feeling of strained
muscles, grass’s tickle, and sweat
cooling on skin.
50.
51. a. Auditory Imagery
• Auditory imagery describes what we hear, from
music to noise to pure silence. Auditory imagery
may include:
Enjoyable sounds, such as: beautiful music,
birdsong, and the voices of a chorus.
Noises, such as: the bang of a gun, the sound of a
broom moving across the floor, and the sound of
broken glass shattering on the hard floor.
The lack of noise, describing a peaceful calm or eerie
silence.
52. b. Visual Imagery
• Visual imagery describes what we see: comic
book images, paintings, or images directly
experienced through the narrator’s eyes. Visual
imagery may include:
Color, such as: burnt red, bright orange, dull yellow,
verdant green, and Robin’s egg blue.
Shapes, such as: square, circular, tubular,
rectangular, and conical.
Size, such as: miniscule, tiny, small, medium-sized,
large, and gigantic.
Pattern, such as: polka-dotted, striped, zig-zagged,
jagged, and straight.
53. c. Tactile Imagery
• Tactile imagery describes what we feel or touch.
Tactile imagery includes:
Temperature, such as bitter cold, humidity, mildness,
and stifling heat.
Texture, such as rough, ragged, seamless, and smooth.
Touch, such as hand-holding, one’s in the grass, or the
feeling of starched fabric on one’s skin.
Movement, such as burning muscles from exertion,
swimming in cold water, or kicking a soccer ball.
54. d. Olfactory Imagery
• Olfactory imagery describes what we smell.
Olfactory imagery may include:
Fragrances, such as perfumes, enticing food and drink,
and blooming flowers.
Odors, such as rotting trash, body odors, or a stinky
wet dog.
55. e. Gustatory Imagery
• Gustatory imagery describes what we taste.
Gustatory imagery can include:
Sweetness, such as candies, cookies, and desserts.
Sourness, bitterness, and tartness, such as lemons and
limes.
Saltiness, such as French fries, and pepperonis.
Spiciness, such as salsas and curries.
Savoriness, such as a steak dinner or thick soup.
56. • Imagery is found throughout
literature in poems, plays, stories,
novels, and other creative
compositions.
• Although the word “imagery” most
often brings to mind mental images,
imagery is not always visual; it can
appeal to any of the five senses.
57. The Importance of Using Imagery
• Because we experience life through our
senses, a strong composition should
appeal to them through the use of
imagery.
• Descriptive imagery launches the reader
into the experience of a warm spring day,
scorching hot summer, crisp fall, or harsh
winter.
58. • It allows readers to directly sympathize
with characters and narrators as they
imagine having the same sense
experiences.
• Imagery commonly helps build compelling
poetry, convincing narratives, vivid plays,
well-designed film sets, and descriptive
songs.
59. Imagery in Literature
Imagery is found throughout literature in
poems, plays, stories, novels, and other
creative compositions.
60. Symbolism
Carl Jung defined a symbol as “a term, a
name, or even a picture that may be familiar
in daily life, yet that possesses specific
connotations in addition to its conventional an
obvious meaning.”
• Symbols can be based on culture, such as a
country’s flag (stars and stripes=USA) , or
religion (the cross=Christianity), or other
things.
61. DICTION
• Diction = word choice – A study of
diction is the analysis of how a writer
uses language for a distinct purpose and
effect, including word choice and figures
of speech.
62. Examine the following when considering
word choice:
• Informal Diction (personal writing) e.g. bug,
folks, job, kid, boss, get across
• Formal Diction (academic or literary writing)
e.g. germ, relatives, position, child, superior,
communicate
63. Types of Diction
• Colloquial words – conversational
language – Is there dialect?
• Slang – highly informal
• Jargon – the special language of a
profession or group (lawyer talk,
technical talk)
