Say NO to Plastic

1. Stop bagging the planet
– Say NO to Plastic
Dr. Ruchi Kushwaha
Hospital Administrator
PLASTIC

2. This is how, I will proceed………
Introduction
Plastic Waste: A Global Concern
Plastic Waste Generation in India
Types of Plastics
Plastic Waste Management (PWM Rules), 2016
• Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, and Recovery
Way Forward-Ten step Roadmap for Governments
Adoption of ‘Circular Economy’
Extended Producer’s Responsibilities (EPR)
Conclusion
Take Home Massage

3. “It’s only one straw,”
-said 8 billion people

4. WASTE ???

5. “Any garbage or refuse, sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water
supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility and other discarded
material, including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous material
resulting from industrial, commercial, mining, and agricultural operations,
and from community activities."
-The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

6. “There is no such thing as ‘away’.
When we throw anything away, it must go
somewhere.”
– Annie Leonard

7. Introduction
The word ‘Plastic’
Greek- plastikos; meaning ‘Fit for moulding’
Latin- Plasticus; meaning ‘capable of moulding’
Plastics are a range of synthetic or semi-synthetic polymerization products
that can be molded into a permanent object having the property of
plasticity.

8. Plastic Waste: A Global Concern
Plastic products have become an integral part of our daily life as a result of
which the polymer is produced at a massive scale worldwide
On an average, production of plastic globally crosses 150 Million tonnes
per year
Its broad range of application is in packaging films, wrapping materials,
shopping and garbage bags, fluid containers, clothing, toys, household
and industrial products, and building materials
It is estimated that approximately 70% of plastic packaging products are
converted into plastic waste in a short span

9. Approximately 9.4 million TPA plastic waste is generated in the country,
which amounts to 26,000 TPD2. Of this, about 60% is recycled, most of it
by the informal sector
While the recycling rate in India is considerably higher than the global
average of 20% , there is still over 9,400 tonnes of plastic waste which is
either landfilled or ends up polluting streams or groundwater resources
While some kinds of plastic do not decompose at all, others could take up
to 450 years to break down

10. The figure captures per capita plastic consumption in FY 2014-15

11. Plastic Waste Generation in India
According to the reports for year 2017-18, Central Pollution Control Board
(CPCB) has estimated that India generates approximately 9.4 Million
tonnes per annum plastic waste, (which amounts to 26,000 tonnes of
waste per day), and out of this approximately 5.6 Million tonnes per annum
plastic waste is recycled (i.e. 15,600 tonnes of waste per day) and 3.8
Million tonnes per annum plastic waste is left uncollected or littered (9,400
tonnes of waste per day)
Out of the 60% of recycled plastic:
• 70% is recycled at registered facilities
• 20% is recycled by Unorganized Sector
• 10% of the plastic is recycled at home

13. Origin of Plastics
Most of the plastics made from 3 raw products-
Petroleum
Cellulose
Coal Plastics

14. Properties of Plastics
Resistant
Durable
Insulator
Inexpensive
Easy to produce

15. Classification of Plastics
HDPE
LDPE
PVC
Fizzy drink bottles and oven ready
meal tray
PEPT
PP
PS
Milk bottles
Mineral water bottles
Bags & bin liners
Microwaveable meal trays
Pots, plastic cutlery, cups, toys

16. Plastic Products used in daily life
Plastic Bags
Coatings
Furniture
Sheets
Fittings
Tanks
Toys
Buckets
Sanitary ware
Stationery

17. Positive aspects of Plastics
Good electrical/ heat insulators
Do not corrode or decayed
Cheap & dispensable
Resistant to chemical water & grease

18. Negative aspects of Plastics
Non-biodegradable
Flammable
Release toxic fumes when burned
Contaminate foods with dangerous chemical compounds

19. Pollutants from Plastic
Plastics Release Pollutants:
•Poly brominated di-phenyl ethers (PBDE)
•Nonylphenolls
•Bisphenol A
•Phthalates
Plastics Absorb Hydrophobic Pollutants:
•Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
•Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloro ethane (DDT)
•Dichloro Diphenyl Dichloro ethylene (DDE)

20. Why is there ‘so much’ Plastic Pollution??
We currently recover only 5% of the plastics we produce.
Pollution exists today due to the society's lack of environmental awareness
& the ease of simply littering plastics.

21. Who is affected ???
The species that is most affected is the
marine, aquatic population.
To a sea turtle, a floating plastic bag looks like a
jellyfish.
When they eat these plastics, it clogs their
intestines, and they miss out on vital nutrients, and
ultimately starve to death.
Other types of loose plastics entangle birds, fish and
mammals, making it difficult, if not impossible to move
or eat, which too leads to their ultimate demise.

22. 0.05% of plastic pieces from surface
waters are pellets
They comprise about 70% of the plastic
eaten by seabirds.
These plastic particles have been found
in the stomachs of 63 of the world's
approximately 250 species of seabirds.
Birds and other marine animals gets
trapped in plastic shopping bags, which
suffocate them to death.
Plastic bags and other plastic garbage thrown into the ocean kill as many as 1
million sea creatures every year.
Who is affected ???

23. Each year, an estimated 500 billion to 1 trillion plastic bags are consumed
worldwide. That's over 1 million plastic bags used per minute.
Scientists estimate that every square mile of ocean
contains about 46,000 pieces of floating plastic.
Plastic bags can take up to 1,000 years to break down.
At least 267 different species are known to have sufferedfrom
entanglement or ingestion of plastic marine debris.
Only 14% of plastic water bottles are recycled.
Packaging now accounts for 1/3 of all household waste.
Plastic Statistics

24. Total number of plastic bags used worldwide annually 1 trillion
Total number of plastic bags China consumes everyday 3 billion
Total number of plastic bags used every minute 1 million
Total number of years it takes for a plastic bag to degrade 1,000 years
Total amount of plastic bags that were discarded in 2008 3.5 million tons
Total amount of plastic floating in every square mile of ocean 46,000 pieces
Average plastic bags consumed per family in 4 trips to the grocery store 60
Percent of plastic made every year that will end up in the ocean 10%
Percent of household waste that is plastic 11%
Plastic Bag Statistics
Plastic Bags Statistics

25. Yes, it is..
 When we eat or drink things stored in plastic,
plastic is incorporated into us.
Plastic is one of the few chemical materials which pose
environmental problem.
 Plastic is biologically quite inert, hence regarded to be more an
aesthetic nuisance than a hazard.
 Plastic is cheap, it gets discarded easily, and, its
persistence in the environment can do great harm.
 It causes immune and enzyme disorders, hormonal disruption
leading to endocrinal disorders and even infertility and is also
considered as carcinogenic (cancer).
Not only human health, it dangerously effects other animal life and
alters the environmental (air, water and soil) sustainability causing
hazardous pollution.
Is it really harmful??

26. Plastic is accumulating at an alarming rate in our
oceans - wreaking havoc on wildlife, polluting our
beaches and entering our food chain.
Our addiction to use-and-toss items is causing this
growing problem.
Plastic bags pose a serious danger to birds and
marine animals that often mistake them for
food.
Thousands of marine animals and more than 1
million birds die each year as a result of plastic
pollution.
How does plastic waste impact oceans??

27. What Is Great Pacific Garbage
Patch? •An island of plastic 6 times
the size of Vietnam in Central
North Pacific Ocean.
•Over 300,000 pieces of
plastic/sq. mile.
•Plastic outnumbers plankton 6 to
1.
•80% of plastic from land-
based sources, 20% from
ships.
Estimates of size range from 700,000 square km to more than 15,000,000
square km (0.41% to 8.1% of the size of the Pacific Ocean).

28. Plastic is ubiquitous in our lives because
it is convenient and relatively inexpensive.
Its convenience comes from being
lightweight and its ability to absorb
impact shock without breaking.
Plastics are so versatile in use that their
impacts on environment are extremely
wide ranging, posing serious challenge
for disposal.
Careless disposal of plastic bags chokes drains, blocks the porosity of
the soil, and causes problems for groundwater recharge. Due to its
non-biodegradable nature, littering of plastics causes irreversible
damage to the environment.
Impact on Environment

29. DISADVANTAGES
Hard to
Decompo
se
Non-
Renewa
ble
Hard to
Reuse
Difficult
to
Recycle
Plastic bags, once ingested, cannot be digested or passed by an animal
so it stays in the gut. Plastic in an animal’s gut can prevent food digestion
and can lead to a very slow and painful death.
Toxic
Threat to
Animals
Disadvantages of Plastic bottles

30. Glass bottles can be melted
and easily reused, as can tin
cans.
Recycling plastic is not so
simple.
Water bottles are often reused in the
home but become less and less sturdy
over time and are ultimately thrown
away.
Plastic is manufactured using oil by-products and
natural gas, materials that could be used in
numerous other applications.

31. As many as 100,000
whales, turtles and birds
have been reported to die
every year, because of
plastic in environment.
Plastic not only have
adverse effects on our
natural habitats, but have
also been found to be
responsible for the death of
many animals, mainly on
account of the suffocation
encountered on eating
them.

32. Plastic bags take between 15 to 1000
years to degrade.
The detoxins and other chemical
pollutants released from them are a
Serious threat to be tackled.
Paper , Cloth, Jute, Cane, etc., are the
most preferable but still controversial.
Designing eco-friendly, biodegradable plastics is the need of the hour. Though partially
biodegradable plastics have been developed and used, completely biodegradable plastics
based on renewable starch rather than petrochemicals have only recently been developed and
are in the early stages of commercialization.
Alternatives of Plastics

33. Plastic Waste Management

34. Plastic Waste Management
(PWM Rules), 2016

35. Plastic Waste Management (PWM Rules),
2016
The Government of India notified Plastic Waste Management (PWM)
Rules, 2016 on 18thMarch, 2016, superseding Plastic Waste
(Management & Handling) Rules, 2011. These rules were further amended
and named as ‘Plastic Waste Management (Amendment) Rules, 2018
These rules shall apply to
• Every Waste Generator
• Local Body
• Gram Panchayat
• Manufacturer
• Importer
• Producer and
• Brand Owner

36. Industrial
Waste
Commercial
Waste
Agricultural
Waste
Municipal
Waste
Collection
>> Bags, Sheets
>> Miscelle
-neous
>> Pipes,Tubes
>> Bottles
Extrusion
Injection
Moulding
Blow
Moulding
Film
Moulding
Sorting
Cleaning
Plastic Waste Management

37. Disposing of plastic waste is trickier than
dealing with traditional landfill material.
Not only plastic take thousands of years to
break down, it can leach dangerous poison
into the environment.
Plastic is not going away, but how plastic
waste is managed is becoming more
sophisticated.
Managing plastic waste starts at home
with the consumer, but ultimately depends
on governments around the world as well.
Plastic Waste Management

38. 1. Reduce
2. Reuse
3. Recycle
4. Rebuy
RECOVER
RECYCLE
REUSE
REDUCE
AVOID
TREAT
DISPOSE
5 R’s for Plastics

39. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, and Recovery

40. Reduce
Discourage the use of disposal
plastics
Minimize Buying Water
Minimize use of Plastics Cutlery
Purchase item Second hand
Support a bag Tax or Ban

41. Reducing and refusing plastic: Ban on
usage
Altogether 18 States and Union Territories have taken initiative and
imposed some kind of ban on plastic manufacture, stock, sale, or use of
plastic carry bags, namely Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam,
Chandigarh, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh,
Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil
Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and West Bengal

42. Successful Case Studies on Plastics Ban
within India
Operation Blue Mountain in Nilgiris,
Tamil Nadu
Sikkim: First State to Ban Plastics
Bottles & Disposable Foam Products
Maharashtra- Ban on Plastics
Himachal Pradesh- Sustainable
Plastic Waste Management Plan

43. Successful Case Studies13 on Plastics
Ban across the continents
China: National and provincial policies
COSTA RICA: Total Single-Use Plastic Ban First to pledge phasing out all
single-use plastic bags
Kenya: Punitive total ban Severe plastic bag ban
Rwanda: Total ban Total plastic bag ban: Cleaner cities and rural areas
Antigua and Barbuda

44. Reuse
Reuse is a step up from recycling
It diverts plastic and takes pressure off the recycling services
In fact, reuse is the middle-man between reduce and recycle, and some
would be surprised at how many opportunities for reuse there really are
One can reuse plastic-produce bags for sandwiches, plastic grocery bags
for small trash bags, and re-use plastic silverware
Most people skip this step and go directly to recycling, but reusing plastics
can reduce the demand for new plastics to be created
For instance, since refillable plastic containers can be reused for many
times, container reuse can lead to a substantial reduction in the demand
for disposable plastic and reduced use of materials and energy, with the
consequent reduced environmental impacts

45. Recycle
Recycling and re-utilization of waste plastics have several advantages
It leads to a reduction of the use of virgin materials and of the use of
energy, thus also a reduction of carbon dioxide emissions
Benefits:
• Reduces Environmental Pollution
• Energy savings : 40 - 100 MJ/kg (depends on the polymer)
• Economic Benefits
• Reduces demand for virgin polymer
• Preferred to Land Filling
• Generates Employment
• Reduces depletion of Fossil fuel reserves

46. Few examples of recycled products

48. PET Bottle recycling System

49. Biodegradable plastic seems to show some light,
however, they too come with certain disadvantages.
When degraded, these emit harmful Co2 and methane.
However, there is a recycled plastic curbstone,
which acts as a substitute to building materials.
“oxo-biodegradable” plastics are eco- friendly as
when degraded they emit no methane.
Many developing countries like India are banning plastic
bags. Instead of banning them, the plastic bags should be
utilized elsewhere.
Future of Plastic

50. Way Forward

51. Ten step Roadmap for Governments
Given the broad range of possible actions to curb single-use plastics and
their mixed impact, UN Environment has drawn up a 10-step roadmap for
governments that are looking to adopt similar measures or improve on
current ones
The steps are based on the experiences of 60 countries around the globe

52. Ten (10) step Roadmap for Governments
1. Target the most problematic single-use plastics
2. Consider the best actions to tackle the problem
3. Assess the potential social, economic and environmental impacts
(positive and negative)
4. Identify and engage key stakeholder groups
5. Raise public awareness about the harm caused by single-used plastics
6. Promote alternatives
7. Provide incentives to industry
8. Use revenues
9. Enforce the measure chosen effectively
10.Monitor and adjust the chosen measure

53. Adoption of ‘Circular Economy’
A circular economy aims to eliminate waste, not just from recycling
processes, but throughout the lifecycles of products and packaging
A circular economy aims to maximize value and eliminate waste by
improving the design of materials, products and business models
A circular economy goes beyond recycling
The goal is not just to design for better end-of-life recovery, but to minimize
the use of raw materials and energy through a restorative system
In a circular economy, the value of products and materials is maintained
for as long as possible
Waste is minimized and resources are kept within the economy when a
product has reached the end of its life, to be used again to create further
value

54. Overview of Circular economy

55. Extended Producer’s Responsibilities
(EPR)
In addition to the responsibilities of Producer’s, Plastic Waste
Management Rules, 2016 defines the Extended Producer’s Responsibility
(EPR), as responsibility of a producer for the environmentally sound
management of the product until the end of its life
Rule 9 of the Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016 (PWMR, 2016), sets
out modalities for implementation of EPR under the ambit of the rules
The producers are required to set out modalities for waste collection
system based on Extended Producers Responsibility and involving State
Urban Development Departments, either individually or collectively,
through their own distribution channel or through the local body concerned

56. EPR: Model-1

57. EPR: Model-2

58. EPR: Model-3

59. Say NO to plastic check-out bags whilst shopping and buy
reusable bags or bring your own for your shopping
instead.
Use Glass/Ceramic instead of plastic in Microwave.
Replace plastic travel mugs with stainless steel for hot beverages.
When you can’t avoid plastic, check container bottoms for recycling
codes (in triangle with chasing arrows). Choose those easily recycled.
Shop at the local farmer’s markets. Buy can instead of the plastic
bottle .
The amount of oil needed to produce a years worth of plastic packaging
could fuel 480,000 cars for a year.
What can you do??

60. It's impossible to eliminate most plastic from daily life,
but it's prudent for our health & environment to curb the
use of some.
Proper management for disposal and public
awareness
would bring a great difference in present situation.
Overall reduction in plastic usage.
Hand over plastics properly for recycling or disposal.
Do not let plastic litter the environment.
Act NOW …. SAVE EARTH
PLASTIC
Our Responsibilities

61. What Can We Do To Save Our
Environment?
 The two best changes we can do are:
 Use less plastics
 To reuse plastics when possible.
Lead by example
Ask your friends and family to join you
Speak to city council
Write letters to government officials
Get your institute involved
By using ONE reusable cloth bag, we can save up to 6 plastic bags
a week that translates into 24 bags a month or 288 bags a year
that amounts to 22,176 bags in an average lifetime.

62. • Enormous quantities of plastic are produced and used.
• It is convenient (use and throw away).
• Although some plastics are recyclable, not
enough is recycled.
• Plastic waste pose a serious threat to environment.
• Laws, economical measures and education help.
Should we really put our own selfish needs before the needs of
everything around us now and the lives of future generations? As a
responsible citizen we must take precautions while using plastic
products, reduce the consumption, and encourage others to do the
same.
Conclusion

63. Take Home Massage

64. Speaker Contact Information
Your feedback and comments will be appreciated !
drruchi21@gmail.com

65. References
Overview of Plastic Waste Management by CPCB
Toolkit on Plastic Waste Management Rules 2016
https://www.motherearthliving.com/health-and-wellness/harmful-effects-of-
plasticze0z1205zsch, accessed on 12-09-2020
https://plasticpollutioncoalition.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/222813127-
Why-isplastic-harmful-, accessed on 12-09-2020
Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016
Plastic Waste Management (Amendment ) Rules, 2018

66. Thank You!