ppt for mba sem 1

1. Information Technology for Managers (ITM)
Topics Covered
 Computer Parts
 Introduction to CPU
 Its component
 Von Neumann Architecture
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PARTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM
1. Hardware: physical devices - monitor, printer, keyboard, mouse etc.
2. Software: It is a set of instructions, which makes computer to perform tasks. It
tells the computer what to do.
3. Users: People who actually use the computer system for their own help are called
users.
Hardware components in a computer system
1. CPU: It is the brain of the computer system. It controls all the peripherals
attached to it and executes various instructions.
2. Input devices: These devices are used to provide inputs to the computer. For
example –Mouse, Keyboard, Joysticks etc.
3. Output devices: With these devices we can get the output. For example Monitor,
Printer, Plotter etc.

3. 3
4. Read Only Memory (ROM): non – volatile in nature. It contains a set of
startup instructions, to ensures that memories, peripherals and operating
system are functioning properly.
5. Random Access Memory (RAM): volatile ; Whenever an application is
started or some input is given via some input device, it is stored in RAM.
6. Mass storage device (Hard Disk): It allows us to store very big amount of
data permanently. The capacity of Hard disks available in the market is up to 1
TB.
Characteristics of Computer
1. Automatic
2. Speed : in ms (10-6), nanoseconds
(10-9) , and picoseconds (10-12)
3. Accuracy
4. Diligence
5. Versatility
6. Power of Remembering
7. No I.Q.
8. No Feelings

4. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
 A CPU is an electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a
computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control and input/
output operations specified by the instructions.
 The major components of CPU are
 Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) – that performs mathematical, logical and
decision operations.
 Control Unit (CU) – that directs all of the processors operations.
 The fundamental operation of most CPUs, regardless of the physical form they take, is
to execute a sequence of stored instructions that is called a program. The instructions
to be executed are kept in some kind of computer memory. Nearly all CPUs follow the
fetch, decode and execute steps in their operation, which are collectively known as the
instruction cycle.
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5.  CPU is referred to as brain of the computer system.
 It is responsible for controlling the operations of all other units of
a computer system.
 It handles all the instructions it receives from hardware and
software running on the computer.
 The CPU chip is usually in the shape of a square or rectangle and
has one notched corner to help place the chip properly into the CPU
socket. On the bottom of the chip are hundreds of connector pins
that plug into each of the corresponding holes in the socket.
 CPUs are located on the motherboard. Motherboards have a
socket for this, which is specific for a certain type of processor. A
CPU gets very hot and therefore needs its own cooling system in
the form of a heat sink and/or fan.
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6. ARITHMETIC
LOGIC UNIT
(ALU)
CENTRAL
PROCESSING
UNIT
(CPU)
CONTROL UNIT
(CU)
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7. CONTROL UNIT
Control Unit of a computer system manages and
coordinates the operations of all other components
of the computer system.
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8. ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT
Arithmetic Logic Unit of a computer system is the
place where the actual executions of instructions
takes place during processing operations.
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9. VON NEUMANN ARCHITECTURE
 The von Neumann architecture, also known as the von Neumann model and Princeton
architecture, is a computer architecture based on that described in 1945 by the mathematician
and physicist John von Neumann. Shown below:
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10.  The design of a von Neumann architecture machine is simpler than that
of a Harvard architecture machine, which is also a stored-program
system but has one dedicated set of address and data buses for reading
data from and writing data to memory, and another set of address and
data buses for fetching instructions.
 A stored-program digital computer is one that keeps its program
instructions, as well as its data, in read-write, random-access memory
(RAM). Stored-program computers were an advancement over the
program-controlled computers of the 1940s, such as the Colossus and
the ENIAC, which were programmed by setting switches and inserting
patch leads to route data and to control signals between various
functional units. In the vast majority of modern computers, the same
memory is used for both data and program instructions,
 Limitation - The single bus can only access one of the two classes of
memory at a time, throughput is lower than the rate at which the CPU
can work.
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