This document describes a student's community service project on a prepaid energy meter using a smart card. It includes an introduction, block diagram, descriptions of the power supply, microcontroller, LCD display, energy meter components, smart card reader, serial interfacing ICs, relay and buzzer. It also includes the programming code and concludes that prepaid energy meters have the potential to provide benefits to both customers and utility operators through consumption regulation and load management while integrating distributed energy resources.

1. A Community Service Project report on
---------------------------TITLE ---------------------------
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
BY
STUDENT NAME ROLL NUMBER
Under the esteemed guidance of
Mr. U P Kumar Chaturvedula M.Tech (Ph.D),
Associate Professor
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
ADITYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Approved by AICTE, Permanently Affiliated to JNTUK & Accredited by NAAC
Recognized by UGC under Sections 2(f) and 12(B) of UGC Act, 1956
Aditya Nagar, ADB Road, Surampalem - 533 437.
2022-2023

2. CERTIFICATE
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
ADITYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Approved by AICTE, Permanently Affiliated to JNTUK & Accredited by NAAC
Recognized by UGC under Sections 2(f) and 12(B) of UGC Act, 1956
Aditya Nagar, ADB Road, Surampalem - 533 437.
This is to certify that the Community Service Project report entitled as “------
-------TITLE ----------” being submitted by ---------NAME----- XX MH XA02XX
in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of
Technology in Electrical and Electronics Engineering. It is a record of the
bonafied work, carried out by them and submitted in Aditya College of
Engineering, Surampalem.
Project guide Head of the department
U P Kumar Chaturvedula, M.Tech (Ph.D) K. Manoz Kumar Reddy, M.Tech (PhD)
Associate Professor Associate Professor

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction that accompanies successful completion of any task would be in-complete
without the mention of the people who made it possible and whose constant guidance and
encouragement crown all the efforts with success. The acknowledgement transcends the reality
of formality.
We are thankful to our beloved guide Mr. U P Kumar Chaturvedula, Associate Professor who
has spared his valuable time and append novel ideas to guide us in lime light. We are indebted to
him without whom we not have culminated to the pinnacle of this project.
We also wish to convey our sincere thanks to Mr.K.MANOZ KUMAR REDDY, Head
Of the Department who provided vital information which was necessary of the project.
We are thankful to Dr.A.RAMESH , Principal ,Aditya College of Engineering for
providing appropriate environmental required for this project.
We are also thankful to all staff members, lab technicians, librarians, parents and friends
who are directly and indirectly helped us in the completion of the project with flying colors.
PROJECT MEMBERS

4. ABSTRACT
Prepaid energy meters have been widely adopted by utilities in different countries across
the world as an innovative solution to the problem of affordability and consumption
management. However, the present smart card based systems have some inherent problems like
added cost, low availability and lack of security. In the future use of smart meters can completely
overhaul these prepaid systems by introducing centralized accounting, monitoring and credit-
control functions using state-of-the-art telecommunication technologies.
Now a days paying of electricity bills is becoming a very problematic issue because of
many people standing in queue and limited timings for bill payments. If anyone has not paid the
bill within the time, then they should pay with fine. The energy meter plays a vital role in our
day to day life. However, we use the power energy for different applications and enjoy the
facility of using various appliances. But, when it comes to payment of bills, we find it so hard to
meet the target dates for payment of bills. Sometimes even the bills are not received by us and
when the bill is received, either overcharged or bills are not properly formulated, in view of the
electrical slabs.
The tapping of electrical lines for unauthorized consumption is a vital factor bothering
many of the commercial and residential establishments. You will not know that your line is being
connected for some celebration or may be wrongful connection is made to your disadvantage. In
order overcome this kind of problems, a prepaid energy meter, is an ideal solution for your house
and many others. A pre paid card you can insert as and when you want to use electric power and
if you are out of your place, you could remove your card. This certainly facilitates from
tampering your meter. you are directly aware of consumption of electricity by you. Every time
the prepaid amount gets over, you have to only buy a new card. The precaution feature indicates
when the prepaid is getting over, in such an event you could buy a new prepaid immediately and
keep the same ready.

5. DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this project titled as “PREPAID ENERGY METER USINGSMART
CARD” is submitted to ADITYACOLLEGEOF ENGINEERING, Surampalem, affiliated to
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, Kakinada in partial fulfillment
for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology.
We further declare that this project work has not been submitted in full or part for the
award of any other degree of this on any other educational institutions.
PROJECT MEMBERS

6. INDEX
SI.NO. CHAPTER NAME PAGE
1 . INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROJECT INTRODUCTION 1
1.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM 4
2. POWER SUPPLY
2.1 INTRODUCTION 7
2.2 CENTRAL TAPPED TRANSFORMER 8
2.3 FULL RECTIFICATION USING TWO DIODES 9
2.4 VOLTAGE REGULATOR 10
3. MICRO CONTROLLER 89S51
3.1 INTRODUCTION 12
3.2 MEMORY ORGANIZATION 13
3.3 PROCESSOR STATUS 14
3.4 DESCRIPTION 16
3.5 TIMER 0 AND TIMER 1 OPERATION 22
3.6 TIMER 1 25
SI.NO. CHAPTER NAME PAGE

7. 4. LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
4.1INTRODUCTION 32
4.2 PIN DESCRIPTION 33
4.3 INSTRUCTION REGISTER AND DATA REGISTER 34
4.4 COMMANDS AND INSTRUCTION SET 36
5. ENERGY METER
5.1 INTRODUCTION 41
5.2HISTORY 42
5.3 UNIT OF MEASUREMENT 43
5.4 TYPES OF METERS 44
5.5ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRONIC ENERGY METER 47
5.6 BENEFITS OF PREPAID METERS 48
6. SMART CARD READER
6.1 WHAT IS A SMART CARD? 51
6.2 HISTORY OF SMART CARD 52
6.3 CARD CONSTRUCTION 53
6.4 PIN DIAGRAM 54
6.5 THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF SMART CARD READERS 55
6.6 HOW ARE SMART CARDS USED? 56
6.7 ADVANTAGES 57
7. SERIAL INTERFACING IC’S

8. 7.1 MAX 232 59
7.2 VOLTAGE LEVELS 60
7.3 APPLICATIONS 62
7.4 ULN-2003 63
8. RELAY AND BUZZER
8.1 RELAY INTRODUCTION 67
8.2 BASIC DESIGN AND OPERATION 68
8.3 APPLICATIONS 69
8.4 BUZZER 70
8.5 TYPES OF BUZZERS 71
9. PROGRAMING CODE
9.1 PROGRAMMING 73
9.2 CODE 78
10. CONCLUSION 90
CONCLUSION

9. .
Prepaid charging of energy has the potential to provideboth customers and utility
operators a wide range of benefitsincluding consumption regulation, load
managementand integration of distributed energy resources. In this project, we have
provided a detail study of prepaidaccounting model along with its key additional
features.This study is then used to present a similar prepaidcharging scheme for smart
metering to be used in SmartGrid. The proposed scheme makes use of existing core
infrastructure as much as possible while providingsecure charging using the state-of-the-
art security capabilitiesof network. Since the scheme is basedon a telecom framework, it
requires a separate protocolto transfer the metering information from smart meters tothe
core network.
In addition, the scheme needsspecific guidelines for data storage, session
maintenance,authentication, quota allocation, and handling of outageand quality related
events.The continuation of the research will include developmentof necessary protocols
and guidelines for supporting various metering, control, and pricing applications onthe
proposed scheme. An experimental examination onthe performance of the proposed
scheme is also worthfurther investigation.