19. 複雜性局部疼痛症候群(CRPS)分類
•沒有明顯的神經病變
Without definable nerve lesion
•CRPS type 1
• 『反射性交感神經失養症』
(Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy,
RSD)
•有明顯的神經病變
With definable nerve lesion
•CRPS type 2
• 『灼熱神經痛』(Causalgia)
可能由嚴重或輕度肢體創傷所觸發
The syndrome can be triggered by severe or mild limb trauma
30. 打開離子通道
Ion channel movement
產生電位差Action potential
Saltatory conduction跳躍傳導
疼痛的神經訊息產生:
1. 打開離子通道 2. 產生電位差改變
3.跳躍傳導 4. 化學物質的進出神經細胞
化學物質的進出神經細胞
pain related sodium and calcium
ion channels
34. 燒灼感的形成: 辣椒素受體 (TRPV1)過度表達
Burning feeling : Overexpression of capsaicin receptors(TRPV1)
David Julius used capsaicin from chili peppers to identify TRPV1, an ion channel activated by painful heat. Additional
related ion channels were identified and we now understand
how different temperatures can induce electrical signals in the nervous system.
David Julius
2021 Nobel prize in medicine
53. Reset
• a and b Short axis sonogram at C6. The transducer is moved slowly laterally and cephalad
until the characteristic sharp anterior tubercle of C6 comes into the image (at). SCM,
sternocleidomastoid muscle; Th, thyroid; V, vagus nerve posteriorly in the carotid sheet
between the carotid artery (CA) and the compressed internal jugular vein (hollow arrows).
The sympathetic chain at the level of the middle cervical ganglion (as indicated by the 3
small arrows) is located at the groove between the longus colli muscle (LCol) and the
longus capitis muscle (LCap).
56. Wide-awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet
(WALANT) is a surgical technique that relies
on local anesthetic and hemostatic agents to
provide conditions suitable for hand surgery
without sedation and tourniquet.
全清醒局部麻醉無止血帶(WALANT)是一
種依靠局部麻醉劑和止血劑提供適合手部手
術的條件的手術技術,無需鎮靜和止血帶。
• decreases the risk of adhesion formation
due to earlier active participation by the
patient, which begins intraoperatively.
• Collagen formation begins on postoperative
day three.
• Thus it should be a priority to begin
supervised exercises after most hand
procedures to prevent stiffness and adhesions.
• Prolonged immobilization causes
tendons and soft tissue to adhere to the
fracture callous and tendon sheaths, resulting
in permanently stiff joints.
Wide-awake Local Anesthesia No
Tourniquet (WALANT) Hand Surgery
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/
NBK570646/
67. Neural signal transduction by fascia from the acupuncture point
從穴位透過筋膜發出神經訊息
Fascia is a connective tissue that surrounds every part of our bodies.
筋膜是圍繞身體每個部位的結締組織。
Fascia Global internet web
From a chip to global
Visceral fascia,内臓筋膜 Dura,硬膜
118. Vitamin C transporters (SVCT1 and SVCT2)
and their transport mechanisms in skin
• the antioxidant
capacity of the
epidermis is
greater than that
of the dermis
• 表皮的抗氧化能
力大於真皮
Front. Physiol., 04 July 2018
表皮
119. Langerhans cells are dendritic
cells of the epidermis
表皮
Dendritic cells
(樹突狀細胞)
樹突狀免疫細胞
分布於表皮