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Formulación Y Evaluación
de Proyectos
Todo proyecto busca mejorar una situación, solucionar
una necesidad sentida o un problema existente.
Definición de Proyecto
Es un conjunto coherente e integral de
actividades
que contribuyen al logro de un objetivo general o de desarrollo,
• debe partir de una adecuada
identificación de la necesidad o
problema y
• contar con el respectivo diseño de
las condiciones necesarias para su
óptima solución.
formulación
de un
proyecto
Actividades, operaciones programas y proyectos
Actividad
conjunto de
acciones o tareas
que se realizan en
el desarrollo del
proyecto, sin las
cuales se haría muy
difícil cumplir con
los objetivos que se
plantea.
La mayor parte de
las actividades son
una mezcla de
operación y
proyecto.
Operación
El trabajo
generalmente
involucra operaciones
y proyectos, aunque
las dos se puedan
traslapar.
Las
operaciones
son sucesivas
y repetitivas
Las operaciones y los
proyectos comparten
muchas características;
por ejemplo ellas son:
Desarrolladas por
personas
Limitadas por recursos
escasos.
Son planeadas, ejecutadas
y controladas.
Operaciones y Proyectos
Operaciones Proyectos
-Actividades repetitivas.
Se tiene la
sensación de que todos los días se hace
lo mismo
-Actividades no repetitivas.
Todos los días se está haciendo algo
Nuevo.
-Tiene poca influencia de factores
Nuevos
-Influencia importante de los factores
Externos
-En general tiene un comportamiento
Estadístico
-Difícil (o imposible) establecer
controles estadísticos
-Los errores cometidos tienen
repercusiones leves, se corrigen
fácilmente y a bajo costo
-Los errores cometidos tienen graves
Repercusiones. Su reversibilidad es
Difícil (a veces imposible) y a un costo alto
Plan Programa Proyecto
Plan
Es un instrumento
elaborado a partir de un
diagnóstico que da una
visión de conjunto para el
futuro desarrollo
económico y social y
requiere de un proceso
de concertación de los
diversos actores en el
contexto nacional,
regional, departamental
municipal o institucional.
Programa
Es un conjunto de
proyectos, con metas y
objetivos de un plan
que deberá cumplirse
dentro de un tiempo y
de un ámbito
determinado.
Proyecto
se concibe para el
logro de ciertos
objetivos que se
manifiestan para el
grupo de personas
afectadas
positivamente,
(generalmente los
usuarios o aquellos a
quienes se destinan la
acción del proyecto.
Importancia de los Proyectos
El futuro siempre presenta
algún grado de incertidumbre
• económicos,
• sociales,
• tecnológicas,
• ecológicas,
• políticas,
• legales
La solución a un problema o
necesidad no es única, por el
contrario, casi siempre se
logran numerosas alternativas
que pueden contribuir a
resolver las dificultades o a
cambiar las condiciones
existentes
del análisis amplio de
situaciones pasadas y
actuales hacia el futuro,
se puede llegar a la
selección de la mejor
alternativa
Entornos a
considerar
EL entorno o medio
ambiente
Constituido por un conjunto de factores
externos que originan una serie de condiciones
ambientales las cuales facilitan y/o limitan las
actividades de las personas, y las empresas que
operan dentro de un ámbito de influencia.
Medio social y cultural
Medio económico
Medio tecnológico
Medio político – legal
Medio ecológico medioambiente
Medio social y cultural
Medio económico
Medio tecnológico
Medio político – legal
Medio ecológico
Características de un proyecto
TEMPORAL:
Nacen y mueren,
tienen una fecha
de iniciación y
una fecha de
terminación (
son finitos)-
SINGULAR:
un conjunto de
eventos que se
presentan una
sola vez. No hay
dos proyectos
iguales-
DEPENDIENTE:
Es subordinado
del medio
externo e
interno que le
dan origen
FLEXIBLE:
Por su juventud
es moldeable y
muy versátil
FRÁGIL:
El precio de la
flexibilidad es la
fragilidad. El
proyecto es muy
vulnerable
Características de un proyecto
INTEGRADOR:
Transitan
horizontalment
e por toda la
organización y
exigen trabajar
de manera
Inter. funcional
SINÉRGICO:
Exigen un
gran trabajo
en equipo
SECUENCIAL:
Sus
actividades
están en
secuencia
cronológica.
PROGRAMADO:
Requieren
de un
cronograma
para llevarlo
a cabo.
Clasificación de los Proyectos

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Conceptos generales de los proyectos

  • 1. Formulación Y Evaluación de Proyectos Todo proyecto busca mejorar una situación, solucionar una necesidad sentida o un problema existente.
  • 2. Definición de Proyecto Es un conjunto coherente e integral de actividades que contribuyen al logro de un objetivo general o de desarrollo,
  • 3. • debe partir de una adecuada identificación de la necesidad o problema y • contar con el respectivo diseño de las condiciones necesarias para su óptima solución. formulación de un proyecto
  • 4. Actividades, operaciones programas y proyectos Actividad conjunto de acciones o tareas que se realizan en el desarrollo del proyecto, sin las cuales se haría muy difícil cumplir con los objetivos que se plantea. La mayor parte de las actividades son una mezcla de operación y proyecto. Operación El trabajo generalmente involucra operaciones y proyectos, aunque las dos se puedan traslapar. Las operaciones son sucesivas y repetitivas Las operaciones y los proyectos comparten muchas características; por ejemplo ellas son: Desarrolladas por personas Limitadas por recursos escasos. Son planeadas, ejecutadas y controladas.
  • 5. Operaciones y Proyectos Operaciones Proyectos -Actividades repetitivas. Se tiene la sensación de que todos los días se hace lo mismo -Actividades no repetitivas. Todos los días se está haciendo algo Nuevo. -Tiene poca influencia de factores Nuevos -Influencia importante de los factores Externos -En general tiene un comportamiento Estadístico -Difícil (o imposible) establecer controles estadísticos -Los errores cometidos tienen repercusiones leves, se corrigen fácilmente y a bajo costo -Los errores cometidos tienen graves Repercusiones. Su reversibilidad es Difícil (a veces imposible) y a un costo alto
  • 6. Plan Programa Proyecto Plan Es un instrumento elaborado a partir de un diagnóstico que da una visión de conjunto para el futuro desarrollo económico y social y requiere de un proceso de concertación de los diversos actores en el contexto nacional, regional, departamental municipal o institucional. Programa Es un conjunto de proyectos, con metas y objetivos de un plan que deberá cumplirse dentro de un tiempo y de un ámbito determinado. Proyecto se concibe para el logro de ciertos objetivos que se manifiestan para el grupo de personas afectadas positivamente, (generalmente los usuarios o aquellos a quienes se destinan la acción del proyecto.
  • 7. Importancia de los Proyectos El futuro siempre presenta algún grado de incertidumbre • económicos, • sociales, • tecnológicas, • ecológicas, • políticas, • legales La solución a un problema o necesidad no es única, por el contrario, casi siempre se logran numerosas alternativas que pueden contribuir a resolver las dificultades o a cambiar las condiciones existentes del análisis amplio de situaciones pasadas y actuales hacia el futuro, se puede llegar a la selección de la mejor alternativa
  • 8. Entornos a considerar EL entorno o medio ambiente Constituido por un conjunto de factores externos que originan una serie de condiciones ambientales las cuales facilitan y/o limitan las actividades de las personas, y las empresas que operan dentro de un ámbito de influencia. Medio social y cultural Medio económico Medio tecnológico Medio político – legal Medio ecológico medioambiente
  • 9. Medio social y cultural Medio económico Medio tecnológico Medio político – legal Medio ecológico
  • 10. Características de un proyecto TEMPORAL: Nacen y mueren, tienen una fecha de iniciación y una fecha de terminación ( son finitos)- SINGULAR: un conjunto de eventos que se presentan una sola vez. No hay dos proyectos iguales- DEPENDIENTE: Es subordinado del medio externo e interno que le dan origen FLEXIBLE: Por su juventud es moldeable y muy versátil FRÁGIL: El precio de la flexibilidad es la fragilidad. El proyecto es muy vulnerable
  • 11. Características de un proyecto INTEGRADOR: Transitan horizontalment e por toda la organización y exigen trabajar de manera Inter. funcional SINÉRGICO: Exigen un gran trabajo en equipo SECUENCIAL: Sus actividades están en secuencia cronológica. PROGRAMADO: Requieren de un cronograma para llevarlo a cabo.