Speaking skills

KRANTHI KUMAR CHILAGANI
LECTURER
DEPT. OF ENGLISH
SUB: AVANCED ENGLISH
Jyothishmathi institute of technological
sciences, karimnagar.
4/18/2020 1

SUB: AVANCED ENGLISH
TOPIC: SPEAKING
4/18/2020 2
Advance English Course : 1 KRANTHI KUMAR CHILAGANI

SPEAKING SKILLS
 Expressing Obligation
 Fixing and Cancelling Appointments
 Extending and Accepting Invitations
 Giving Instructions
 Asking for and Giving Directions
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1. Expressing Obligation
 Obligation may be described as pressure on a person
to do something or not to do something.
 There are strong obligations such as rules and
necessities, and weak obligations such as advice.
 Obligations may be internal, from the speaker's body
or mind, and external obligations such as
regulations.
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Present Positive Negative
have to /
don't have to
•strong obligation (possibly
from outside)
•Children have to go to
school.
(sometimes 'have got to')
•no obligation
I don't have to work on
Sundays.
•
You don't have to eat
anything you don't like.
must / mustn't •strong obligation (possibly
based on the speaker's
opinion)
•I must study today.
•negative obligation
You mustn't smoke here.
should / shouldn't •mild obligation or advice
You should save some
money.
•mild negative obligation or
advice You shouldn't smoke
so much.
We can use have to + infinitive, must + infinitive and
should + infinitive to express obligation (something you have to do)
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Be careful about the difference between mustn't and don't have to!
• Mustn't means it's not allowed, or it's a bad idea:
You mustn't eat so much chocolate, you'll be sick
• Don't have to means you don't need to do something, but it's fine if you want
to do it.
I don't have to get up early at the weekend(of course, if I want to get up
early, that's fine, but I can stay in bed if I want).
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Past Positive Negative
had to / didn't have to
•obligation in the past
•I had to wear a school
uniform when I was a
child.
•no obligation in the
pastWe didn't have to go to
school on Saturdays.
must* changes to 'had to' -
should have + pp /
shouldn't have + pp
•a past action which didn't
happen: the advice / regret
is too lateYou should have
gone to bed earlier, now
you have missed the train.
•a past action which didn't
happen: the advice / regret
is too late
• You shouldn't have taken
that job., it was a bad idea.
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examples
 I must tell them the true.
 I must do everything I can to help you.
 I have to send the report today.
 I have to be there by tomorrow.
 I have to go now.
 I’ll have to pick her up from the airport.
 I have no other choice.
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2. Fixing and Cancelling Appointments
 Being able to make and cancel an appointment is an
important skill in English
 If you have any important work with someone, you
have arranged to see them at a particular time, usually
in connection with their work or for a serious purpose.
Then you need to make an appointment.
 Three stages are involved in fixing an cancelling an
appointment
 Make an appointment,
 Respond to an appointment and
 Cancel an appointment.
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Here are some expressions
 Asking to meet:
 Are you available on... /
next...?
 free on... / next...?
 Can we meet on... / next ...?
 Would next ... be ok?
 What about next ... ?
 Is next ... ok?
•Examples:
•Are you available on the 17th?
•Can we meet on the 16th?
•How does the 3rd sound to you?
•Are you free next week?
•Would Friday suit you?
•Is next Tuesday convenient for
you?
•What about sometime next week?
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Here are some expressions
Responding to an
appointment Examples
 Yes,... is fine
 .... would be fine
 .....suits me
 would be perfect.
 I'm afraid
I'm sorry I can't on ....
 I won't be able to... on ...
 I really don't think I can on ...
 Yes, Monday is fine.
 Monday suits me.
 Thursday would be perfect.
 I'm afraid I can't on the 3rd.
What about the 6th?
 I'm sorry, I won't be able to make
it on Monday. Could we meet on
Tuesday instead?
 Ah, Wednesday is going to be a
little difficult. I'd much prefer
Friday, if that's alright with you.
 I really don't think I can on the
17th. Can we meet up on the
19th?
4/18/2020 11

Cancelling an appointment
 You can cancel an appointment as follows
 Unfortunately, due to some unforeseen business, I will
be unable to keep our appointment for tomorrow
afternoon.
 Would it be possible to arrange another time later in the
week?
 I’m afraid that I have to cancel our meeting on
Wednesday, as something unexpected has come up.
 You know we were going to meet next Friday? Well, I'm
very sorry, but something urgent has come up.
 I'm afraid that I'm not going to be able to meet you after
all. Can we fix another time?
4/18/2020 12

Role Play: Making a Doctor's Appointment
 Doctor's Assistant: Good morning, Doctor Jensen's office. How may I help you?
Patient: Hello, I'd like to make an appointment to see Doctor Jensen, please.
 Doctor's Assistant: Have you been in to see Doctor Jensen before?
Patient: Yes, I have. I had a physical last year.
 Doctor's Assistant: Fine, what is your name?
Patient: Maria Sanchez.
 Doctor's Assistant: Thank you, Ms. Sanchez, let me pull up your file... Okay, I've located your
information. What's the reason for your making an appointment?
Patient: I haven't been feeling very well lately.
 Doctor's Assistant: Do you need urgent care?
Patient: No, not necessarily, but I'd like to see the doctor soon.
 Doctor's Assistant: Of course, how about next Monday? There's a slot available at 10 in the
morning.
Patient: I'm afraid I'm working at 10. Is there anything available after three?
 Doctor's Assistant: Let me see. Not on Monday, but we have a three o'clock opening next
Wednesday. Would you like to come in then?
Patient: Yes, next Wednesday at three would be great.
 Doctor's Assistant: All right, I'll pencil you in for three o'clock next Wednesday.
Patient: Thank you for your help.
 Doctor's Assistant: You're welcome. We'll see you next week. Goodbye.
Patient: Goodbye.
4/18/2020 13

3. Extending and Accepting Invitations
 We have a situation to invite some of friends to come.
There are many situations that probably happened in
our daily life, such as meeting, birthday party,
graduation party etc. of course, we have to make an
invitation for our guests.
 There will be two answers for them who are invited by
us, they may come or accept the invitation and they
may not come or decline the invitation.
 The situation will be divided into formal and informal.
There is differences expression that is use in the
different context of situation.
4/18/2020 14

Phrases to make an invitation
 Would you like to join me for dinner tomorrow? (‘Would you’
is a formal and a polite way of inviting your colleague.)
 Would you care to join us for birthday party?
 I was just wondering if you would like to come over for
celebrations tonight?
 We’d be pleased/delighted/very happy to have you over for
party tonight.
 Do you feel like going for a walk?
 Do you want to go to the movies tonight?
 Would you like to play cards?
 Would you like a cup of coffee?
 What about a cup of tea?
4/18/2020 15

Phrases to accept an invitation
 Thank you! I’d love to.
 Thank you! I’d be delighted to. What time should I be there?
 Yes, thank you. That would be wonderful/great.
 Oh certainly! Thank you.
 Thank you for your kind invitation.
 I’d love to, thanks.
 I’ll be glad to do so.
 Thanks, I’d like that very much.
 That’s a great idea.
 Thanks for inviting me to dinner.
 It’s very nice of you.
4/18/2020 16

Phrases to decline an invitation
 I’d love to, but I’m afraid I’m busy tonight.
 I’m terribly sorry. I have other plans.
 Thanks for asking. I’m afraid I’m busy tonight.
 I’m sorry to refuse your invitation.
 I can’t, sorry. I have to work.
 Thanks for your invitation but I’m busy now.
 I’m afraid I won’t be able to come.
 I’m afraid I am busy tomorrow.
 Sorry, I’d love to but I have an appointment.
 I really don’t think I can, sorry.
 That’s very kind of you, but I can’t accept your
invitation.
4/18/2020 17

4. Giving Instructions
 Giving Instruction is an expression that is used in
order that other person does what we instruct or
request.
 Instruction ( also called imperatives) require the
person receiving them to do something, or to do stop
doing it.
 Instruction are directly addressed to the person who
has to do them
4/18/2020 18

Phrases…
 The most common are
 First(ly)...
 Then...
 Next...
 After that...
 Finally…
Starting out:
• The first thing you do is…
• Before you begin, (you should…)
• The best place to begin is…
• I would start by…
Continuing:
• After that,
• The next step is to…
• The next thing you do is…
• Once you’ve done that, then…
• When you finish that, then…
• Finishing:
The last step is…
• The last thing you do is…
• In the end,…
• When you’ve finished,…
• When you’ve completed all the
steps,…
4/18/2020 19

How to Make a Cup of Coffee?
First you need to buy some coffee and a coffee maker.
Then you have to put the water into the bottom of the coffee maker.
You needn't boil the water (you don't need to boil the water), cold water is fine.
Next you have to put the coffee in the coffee compartment and screw the top of coffee maker on.
After that you need to put the coffee pot onto the stove.
Then turn the stove on high and wait. You don't have to move the coffee pot.
When the water boils and goes into the upper part of the pot you
then have to remove the pot from the heat.
Finally you pour some coffee into a cup, add sugar and milk and enjoy.
First, you must roast a chicken and slice it into thick pieces. Then toast
your favorite bread (two slices). After that you need to put mayonnaise and
mustard on the toast and then the chicken slices. Next you are going to add
your vegetables. Tomatoes, lettuce onions, cucumbers etc. Finally put a couple
slices of cheese on the sandwich and then close it with the other piece of toast.
How to make the best sandwich?
4/18/2020 20

5. Asking for and Giving Directions
This lesson you will be learning how to give directions to another person when
they ask you for directions on how to go somewhere. and also give examples of
how to ask for directions as well.
4/18/2020 21

Asking somebody for directions
 Can you please tell me how I can
get to Bus stand?
 Where is
the nearest supermarket?
 How can I get to the local
market?
 I'm trying to get to State Bank of
India Head office.
 How do I get to the post office?
 What's the best way to get to your
house next ?
 Where is D’mart can you tell me
please?
4/18/2020 22

How to give directions to somebody else
 Some Expression as given below:
 Go straight on till you see the hospital then turn left.
 Turn back, you have gone past the turning.
 Turn left when you see a round about.
 Turn right at the end of the road and my house is number 67.
 Cross the junction and keep going for about 1 mile.
 Take the third road on the right and you will see the office on the right
 Take the third road on the right and you will see the shop on the left
 Take the second road on the left and you will see the house on the left
 Take the second road on the left and you will see the hospital straight ahead
 The hospital is opposite the railway station.
 The shop is near the hospital.
 The house is next to the local cricket ground.
 The shop is in between the chemist and KFC.
 At the end of the road you will see a roundabout.
 At the corner of the road you will see red building.
 Just around the corner is my house you will need to stop quickly or you will miss it.
 Go straight on at the traffic lights.
 turn right at the crossroads.
4/18/2020 23

Keep in your mind
 When giving directions to someone it is best to use
short basic English sentences. Speak slowly when
talking to the other person and spell out words if they
don't understand and if possible draw a map.
 When speaking with someone, use your hands to
demonstrate what you mean, left, right, or straight
on.
 Always try and use the word "please" when you are
asking someone for directions. It's polite, and people
are more likely to help you!
4/18/2020 24

Conversation
 Do you know the way to the police station? Can you please tell me
I can get to police station?
 Man: The police station. Yes, it’s easy. You turn left at the next road,
Tower Street.
 Woman: Turn left, OK.
 Man: Then go straight on for about 200 meters. Then you get to the
post office.
 Woman: The post office.
 Man: Yes, it’s on the right.
 Woman: On the right, OK.
 Man: Next to the post office, turn right into Temple Road.
 Woman: Temple Road, OK.
 Man: Go along the road, then turn Right at the book shop, into
Municipal Complex.
 Woman: Yes, OK.
 Man: The police station is in front of Municipal Complex.
 Woman: Thanks very much.
4/18/2020 25

References:
 https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/modal-verbs-of-obligation.html
 https://basicenglishspeaking.com/expressing-obligation-english/
 https://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/communication-lesson-
appointment.php
 https://www.thoughtco.com/making-a-doctors-appointment-1210351
 https://basicenglishspeaking.com/making-invitations-english-different-ways-
invite-someone/
 http://www.learnex.in/making-accepting-declining-an-invitation-in-english/
 https://have-fun-with-english.weebly.com/expressions-of-making-accepting-
and-declining-an-invitation.html
 http://www.helping-you-learn-english.com/how-to-give-instructions.html
 https://basicenglishspeaking.com/asking-giving-instructions-english/
 https://www.easypacelearning.com/all-lessons/learning-english-level-1/201-
giving-and-asking-directions-english-lesson
 https://www.easypacelearning.com/all-lessons/english-level-2/1289-asking-
for-and-giving-directions-english-lesson
4/18/2020 26

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