2. Presented by: N/C Hafiza Ume Habiba
4th year BSN
Faculty: Maj Shagufta Parveen
4/20/2017 DOROTHEA OREM'S THEORY 2
3.
At the end of this presentation learner will be
able to:
Know biographic history of theorist
Define Orem’s theory
Describe assumptions of theory
Discuss evolution of theory
Enlist characteristics of theory
OBJECTIVES
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4.
Understand the areas of application in hospital
Elaborate metaparadigm of theory
Explain self care theory with framework
Develop Nursing Process according to Orem’s
self care deficit theory
Enlist strengths and weaknesses of theory
Describe application in nursing education &
research
OBJECTIVES Cont…
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6.
Born in Baltimore, Maryland in 1914
BIOGRAPHIC HISTORY
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7.
Her father was a
construction worker
Her mother was a
homemaker
OREM’S PARENTS
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8.
1930- graduated from Providence Hospital
School of Nursing, Washington
1935- BSN from Catholic University
of America
1945-MSN from Catholic University
of America
EDUCATION
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9.
1959- Dean of the School of Nursing at Catholic
University of America
1976- Doctorate of Science from Georgetown
University
1988- Doctor of Humane Letters from
Wesleyan University
1998- Doctor of Nursing from
University of Missouri
Retired in 1984
EDUCATION Cont...
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10.
Orem’s theory defined Nursing as:
“The act of assisting others in the provision and
management of self-care to maintain or
improve human functioning at home level of
effectiveness.”
SELF CARE DEFICIT THEORY
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11.
“The practice of activities that individuals
initiate and perform on their own behalf in
maintaining life, health and well-being.”
SELF CARE DEFICIT THEORY
Cont….
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12.
1949-1957
Orem worked on developing nursing
curriculum and nursing practice
1958-1960
Worked for the Office of Education, in the
U.S. Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare as
a curriculum consultant
EVOLUTION
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13.
1958-1960 cont’d
Guidelines for Developing Curricula for the
Education of Practical Nurses was developed
( Tomey and Alligood, 2006).
1960-1970
Eventually served as the acting dean of the
School of Nursing at the Catholic University of
America
EVOLUTION Cont…
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15.
People should be self-reliant and responsible
for their own care and others in their family
needing care
People are distinct individuals
Nursing is a form of action–interaction
between two or more persons
ASSUMPTIONS
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16.
Successfully meeting universal and
development self-care requisites is an
important component of primary care
prevention and ill health
ASSUMPTIONS Cont…
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17.
A person’s knowledge of potential health
problems is necessary for promoting self-
care behaviors
Self care and dependent care are behaviors
learned within a socio-cultural context
ASSUMPTIONS Cont…
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18.
Orem's theory:
Interrelate concepts to create a different way
of looking at a particular phenomenon
Logical in nature.
Relatively simple yet generalizable
Basis for hypothesis that can be tested
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CHERECTERISTICS
19.
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CHERECTERISTICS Cont…
Contribute and assist in increasing the
general body of knowledge within the
discipline through the research implemented
to validate them
20.
Can be used by the practitioners to guide and
improve their practice
Must be consistent with other validated
theories, laws and principles
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CHERECTERISTICS Cont…
21.
Self care
Self care deficit
Nursing system
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PARTS OF THE THEORY
22.
Universal self care requisites
Developmental self care requisites
Health deviation self care
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SELF CARE REQUISITES
23.
Universal self care requisites:
Maintenance of sufficient intake of air, food, and
water
Provision of care associated with the elimination
process
Balance between activities and rest, as well as
between solitude and social interaction
Prevention of hazards to human life and well-
being
Promotion of human functioning
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SELF CARE REQUISITES Cont…
24.
Developmental self care requisites:
The requisites that are associated with
developmental processes.
They are generally derived from a condition
or associated with an event.
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SELF CARE REQUISITES Cont…
25.
Health Care Deviation:
Seeking and securing appropriate medical
assistance
Being aware of the effects and results of
pathologic conditions
Effectively carrying out medically prescribed
measures
Modifying self-concepts in a particular state of
health and in specific forms of health care
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SELF CARE REQUISITES Cont…
27.
Person:
An individual or group of individuals who
have the ability to acquire the knowledge
necessary to perform tasks of self care.
Ability to integrate self-care tasks and family,
community and individual needs.
Motivation to accomplish self care tasks.
Intellectual ability to perform cognitively,
delegate and evaluate tasks performed.
METAPRADIGM OF THEORY
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28.
Health:
“Promotes function and development within
social groups in accordance with human
potential, known human limitation, and the
human desire to return to normal”
(Tomey & Alligood, 2006 p. 279).
METAPARADIGM Cont...
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29.
Environment:
Four states are encompassed in environment;
Physical
Chemical
Biological
Socioeconomical
METAPARADIGM Cont...
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30.
Nursing:
The skilled professional who evaluates and
acknowledges a patient’s health deficit
Nursing plans and implements care based on
actual and potential self care deficit
METAPARADIGM Cont...
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35.
Step-I: Assessment
Person’s health status
Physician’s perspective of the person’s health
status
Person’s perspective of his or her health
Health goals
Person’s requirements for self care
Person’s capacity to perform self care
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NURSING PROCESS
36.
Step-II: Nursing diagnosis & Plans with
scientific rationale
Nurse designs a system that is wholly or
partly compensatory or supportive-educative.
Bringing out good components of patients’
therapeutic self care demands
Overcoming patient’s self care deficits
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NURSING PROCESS Cont…
37.
Step-III: Implementation & Evaluation
Nurse assists the patient or family in self
care matters
Actions are directed by etiology component
of nursing diagnosis
Collecting evidence in evaluating results
achieved against results specified in the
nursing system
Evaluation
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NURSING PROCESS Cont…
38.
Self Care Deficit Theory is specific to
nursing.
It can be used in multiple nursing
specialties.
The concept of self-care and health
maintenance are congruent with
contemporary literature in healthcare.
STRENGTHS
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39.
It creates a coordinated nursing care plan
that adjusts to the patient’s needs
throughout recovery
STRENGTHS Cont…
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40.
Time consuming for nurses
Direct contact is necessary throughout the
nursing process.
Multiple levels of the theory to consider
Self care, self care deficit and self care
deficit potential.
Does not address cultural needs
WEAKNESSESS
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41.
Teaches the student to encourage
compensatory care in the patient
population.
Conceptualize patients’ current and potential
self-care deficits.
Supports the nursing process in all 3 nursing
theories.
APLICATION IN NURSING EDUCATION
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42.
Model used by multiple nursing specialties
due to encompassing nature of Orem’s
theory.
Current research using Orem’s theory
include:
Chinese Medicine
Battered woman
counseling
APLICATION IN NURSING RESEARCH
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44.
Marrier Tomey, A. & Alligood, M. (2006). Nursing
theorists and their work. (6th ed.) St. Louis, MO :
Mosby Elsevier.
Bruce, E., Gagnon, C., Gendron, Puteris, L., &
Tamblyn, A.(2009, November 7). Dorothea Orem’s
Theory of Self Care. Retrieved from
http://www.nipissingu.ca/faculty/arohap/aphome/NU
RS3006/Resources/DorotheaOremTheory.ppt
Dorothea Orem, Nursing Theory ( 2009, November
7). Retrieved from http://faculty.ucc.edu/nursing-
gervase/Orem%5B1%5D.pps
REFRENCES
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