futuredddd

1. AUTONOMOUS CARS
KIRAN KUMAR A.
Under The Guidance Of:
Mr. BASAVANAGOUDA
Asst. Prof. TJIT
by

2. • Driver error results in traffic accidents.
• Drive without supervision.
• Reducing accident number and accident
severity
• Saving energy and reducing harmful exhaust
emission
INTRODUCTION

3. WHAT IS AUTONOMOUS CARS?
 It can steer itself while
looking out for obstacles.
 It can accelerate itself to
the correct speed limit.
 It can stop and go itself
based on any traffic
condition.

4. System Architecture and Layer structure

5. Driver Interface Components
HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE (HMI) :
 Steering wheel
 Pedals (ABC)
 Gear shift lever
 Parking brake
 Turn indicator stalk
 Wiper stalk
 Horn

6. COMMAND LAYER
Driver State Assessment :
 Falling asleep
 Drowsiness level
 Direct monitoring
 Driver distraction
 Driver activity

7.  Automation Level :
 The trajectory planning layer processes vehicle and
environment data passed on from
I. Perception layer
II. Driver's intention
III. Driver state assessment data
IV. Driver automation
 Co-Pilot :
It will provide the set of
trajectories with their
prioritization

8. The aerodynamic force
Acceleration of the vehicle
Disturbance force
vehicle model
Division of road

9. PERCEPTION LAYER
Environment Sensors :
The task of the
environment sensing
layer is to provide
comprehensive
information about the
surrounding objects
around the vehicle.

10. LIDAR
 Optical Remote sensing.
Range = 60m (~197 feet)
 This laser generates a detailed
3D map of its environment.
Position Estimator
 A rotation sensor mounted on the
rear wheel.
 Measures lateral movement and
determines exact position of the
vehicle on the map.
 The location will be more accurate.

11. GPS Antenna
 For receiving GPS (Global
Positioning System) signals.
 As the vehicle moves, new
positional information and
sensor data are used to update
the vehicle’s internal map.
 It is used to obtain the
location of the car.

12. Camera
 Detects traffic lights &
traffic signs.
 Helps the car to recognize
moving obstacles like
pedestrians and bicyclists
Ultrasonic
To measure and calculate
distance from the sensor to a
specified target object.
 Use sound waves above
20 000 Hz.

13. RADARS
 Detects vehicles far ahead.
 Measure vehicles’ speed.
 Used to locate the position of
distant objects.
Night Vision
 Infrared systems.
 Increases driver's
perception and visibility poor
weather and in darkness.

14. 1) Identify the position in a map.
2) Detecting other vehicles.
3) Predicting the trajectory of other moving objects.
4) Calculating the most appropriate path.
1) 2)
3) 4)

15. Advantages
 React faster than humans.
 Efficient use of highways.
 360 degree perfection.
 Cannot get distracted, sleepy, or intoxicated.
 Avoid accidents.
 Increasing roadway capacity by reducing the distances
between cars.
Exact location of vehicle can be determined.

16. CONCLUSION
 Improves vehicle's stability helps to minimize loss of
control.
 Minimize accidents
 Imagine a world where Government don’t have to build
new roads to reduce traffic.
 Imagine getting in the car and being able to go wherever
you want to go even if you don’t have a driving license.

17. s
 Hayes, Brian (2011), Leave the Driving to it, American Scientist, 99:362-366
 Atiyeh, Clifford (2012), Predicting Traffic Patterns, One Honda at a Time, MSN Auto,
June 25
 US Department of Transportation Highway Safety Administration (2011), Report #
FHWA-PL-II-022
 S.E. Shladover, Literature Review on Recent International Activity in Cooperative
Vehicle-Highway Automation Systems (Technical Report FHWA-HRT-13-025), Federal
Highway Administration, McLean, VA, 2012.
 D. Bartz, Overview of the US Army TARDEC Autonomous Mobility Appliqué System
(AMAS),Presentation at the Transportation Research Board and AUVSI Automated
Vehicles Symposium, San Francisco, CA, July 15-17, 2014.
REFERENCE