This document discusses how chatbots work and tools for developing them. It explains that chatbots first use natural language understanding techniques like named entity recognition and intent classification to understand user input. They then generate responses using retrieval-based models that select preset replies or generative models that generate new text. Chatbots can also integrate with APIs to retrieve additional information to respond. The document lists popular services for natural language understanding, response generation, and building bot user interfaces.

1. Chatbot development

2. About Me
JUBIN JOSE
- Chatbot developer at Cedex Technologies LLP
- Machine Learning enthusiast & creative coder
- Co creator and contributor at a-mma.in - open indic ML platform

3. How a chatbot works - 2+1 steps
● Natural language understanding
○ Named-entity recognition
○ Intent classification
● Response generation
○ Retrieval based models
○ Generative models
● With the help of APIs for information retrieval

4. Natural language understanding
● Named-entity recognition
○ Ex: [Jim]Person bought 300 shares of [Acme Corp.]Organization in [2006]Time.
Stanford NER provides 3 models:

5. Natural language understanding
● Intent classification
○ Text classification.

6. Response generation
● Retrieval based models:
○ Bot’s utterance is preset for each intent.
User input Intent generated by classifier
along with entities identified
by NER
Reply to be made by bot
Hello intent_greeting Hi $username, Welcome.
Please book me a room tonight Intent_book [ time: tonight ] I found these rooms available
today at {time} … ...
Check In to my room intent_checkin $username, please give me your
room number {prompt: number}

7. Information retrieval
● Get useful information from external APIs
Intent and
entities received
Choose custom action: call API
with entities as parameters
Reply to user

9. Tools and services for development
● Natural language understanding
○ Google Dialogflow
○ IBM watson
○ Rasa NLU
○ Microsoft LUIS
○ ….
● Response generation
○ Botkit
○ Microsoft bot framework
○ Rasa core
○ ...
● Bot user interfaces
○ Messenger
○ Telegram
○ ….