Ozone occurs naturally in small amounts in the lower atmosphere and in high concentrations in the stratosphere, where it protects life from UV radiation. Depletion of the ozone layer allows more UV to reach the surface, risking damage to humans, animals, and plants. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and chlorofluorocarbons trap heat in the atmosphere, causing the greenhouse effect and global warming as less heat escapes into space. The hydrological cycle and carbon cycle are impacted by climate change.

1. AI8003
CLIMATE CHANGE AND
ADAPTATION
Unit I- Earth’s Climate System

2. OZONE
• Ozone (O3) is a highly reactive gas composed of three
oxygen atoms.
• It is both a natural and a man-made product
• It occurs in the Earth's upper atmosphere (the
stratosphere- high concentration) and lower atmosphere
(the troposphere- very low concentration).

3. Formation of Ozone

5. Ozone layer

7. Absorption of UV by O3

8. Importance of O3
• Protects all life forms on earth from harmful UV
rays
• Protects humans and animals from skin cancer
and cataract caused by UV
• Protects plants and vegetation from UV

9. Depletion of O3

10. Causes of O3 depletion

14. Natural depletion

16. Impacts of O3 depletion

17. Genetic modification by UV

20. Green house effect
• Greenhouse effect is the process by which
radiations from the sun are absorbed by the
greenhouse gases and not reflected back into
space. This insulates the surface of the earth
and prevents it from freezing.

22. What is the principle behind Green house?

23. Green house gas
• Greenhouse gases are the gases that absorb
the infrared radiations and create a
greenhouse effect. For eg., carbondioxide and
chlorofluorocarbons.
• Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere are
called greenhouse gases.
• Green house gas molecules have 3 or more
atoms in it.

25. Radiative effect of GH gases

26. • Solar spectrum- 100 nm to 1 mm.
UV- C: 100 to 280 nm. IR- A: 700 to 1400 nm.
UV- B: 280 to 315 nm. IR- B: 1400 to 3000 nm.
UV- A: 315 to 400 nm. IR- C: 3000 nm to 1 mm.
• Sunlight entering Earth’s atmosphere-
With power of 1366 watts/m2
• At ground level, solar radition-
With power of 1120-1000 watts/m2
UV – C, B, A IR- A, B, C

28. Global warming
• Global warming is the slow increase in the
average temperature of the earth’s
atmosphere because an increased amount of
the energy (heat)
• Energy striking the earth from the sun is being
trapped in the atmosphere and not radiated
out into space.
• Enhanced GH effect= Global warming

31. Hydrological cycle

32. Carbon cycle