My ppt is about plants and animal.s and their surroundings.

1. More about Plants and Animals in their surroundings
Q. 1 Define the following terms:
1. Reproduction- The process by which living organisms
produce more of their kind.
2. Germination- The process by which a baby plant grows from
a seed in the presence of water, air and warmth.
3. Seed dispersal- The process by which seeds are scattered
away from the parent plant.
4. Crop- Plants that we cultivate in large quantities.
5. Irrigation- Supplying crops with water.
6. Seed coat- Thick covering of a seed that protects the baby
plant.
7. Migration- The large scale movement of animals for
favourable conditions.
8. Habitat- The place where an organism lives, feeds and
reproduce.
9. Aerial animals- Animals that can fly.
10. Terrestrial animals- Animals that live on land.
11. Aquatic animals- Animals that live in water.
12. Arboreal animals- Animals that live on trees.
Q. 2 Distinguish between rabi and kharif crops.

2. A. 2 Crops that are grown in the monsoon season are called
kharif crops. Rice, jowar, bajra, maize are kharif crops.
Crops that are grown in the winter season are called rabi crops.
Wheat and gram are rabi crops.
Q. 3 Name the plants that reproduce from:
1. Stem- Rose, hibiscus
2. Leaves- Bryophyllum
3. Roots- Sweet potato, carrot
4. Spores- Bread mould, mushrooms
Q. 4 Name the three main kinds of crops. Give two examples of
each.
A. 4 1. Food crops- maize, rice
2. Fibre crops- cotton, jute
3. Oil-producing crops- mustard, sunflower
Q. 5 How can crops be destroyed? Explain two ways to protect
the crops.
A. 5 Crops get destroyed due to:
1. birds, insects and pests
2. bad weather
3. diseases that can infect leaves, stems or roots
4. grazing animals like cows and goats

3. Two ways to protect the crops
1. Crops should be sprayed with bio-pesticides to keep them
free from pests, diseases and harmful animals.
2. Fencing the fields can prevent grazing animals from entering
them.
Q. 6 How can the seeds of a fruit be dispersed by:
1. Wind- Plants such as maple, cotton have seeds that are very
light. Seeds have fine, long hair and wings around them by
which they can be carried away by the wind.
2. Water- The seeds of plants like coconut that grow in or near
flowing water are generally dispersed by water. Their seeds are
light and can float.
3. Animals- Seeds have hooks or spines. They stick to the fur of
animals and when animals move from one place to another, the
seeds get dispersed to new places. Examples- xanthium, peach,
papaya are dispersed by animals.
4. Explosion- The fruits of pea, poppy burst open when they
ripen. The seeds pop out and get scattered.
Q. 7 How can a farmer grow healthy crops?
A. 7 Some tips for growing healthy crops are:
1. Manures and fertilisers should be added regularly to the soil
in sufficient quantities. This would make the soil fertile.
2. Adequate water should be provided for plant growth.

4. 3. The seeds sown should be mature and of good quality.
4. Weeding should be done regularly.
5. Crops should be sprayed with bio-pesticides to keep them
free from pests, diseases and harmful animals.
6. Different crops require different kinds of soil. For example:
Rice grows well in wet, clayey soil, but groundnut needs sandy
soil. Therefore, farmers decide the type of crop to be grown
after evaluating the soil in their fields.
Q. 8 Explain the stages of seed germination.
A. 8 The different stages of seed germination are:
1) Imbibition: water fills the seed.
2) The water activates enzymes that begin the plant's growth.
3) The seed grows a root downward into the soil.
4) The seed grows shoots that grow towards the sun.
5) The shoots grow leaves, stems and flowers.
Q. 9 Describe the features of birds that help them to fly.
A. 9 1. A streamlined body
2. forelimbs modified into wings
3. hollow bones that make body light
4. strong chest muscles that provide energy for flying
Q. 10 Distinguish between herbivores and carnivores.

5. A. 10 Herbivores are animals that eat plants are called
herbivores. Examples are cow, goat, deer.
Carnivores are animals that eat flesh of other animals.
Examples are tiger, lion.
Q. 11 What is the difference between forelimbs and hindlimbs
of animals?
A. 11 The front limbs are called forelimbs and the back limbs
are called hindlimbs.
Q. 12 What is the role of haemoglobin in the blood?
A. 12 Blood has a special substance called haemoglobin that
combines with oxygen and carries it to all parts of the body.
Q. 13 Describe the process by which insects breathe.
A. 13 Insects have small holes called spiracles on their body.
Spiracles lead into a network of tubes present all through the
body. This tube is called trachea. Air enters the spiracles and
then passes through the trachea. Oxygen from the air is
absorbed by the tissues of the body. Carbon dioxide is removed
through the spiracles from the body.
Q. 14 Explain the role of blowholes in whales and dolphins.
A. 14 Whales and dolphins have blowholes on the head for
breathing. When they breathe in, oxygen from the air enters
their body through a blowhole. When they breathe out, carbon
dioxide leaves the body along with water.

6. IMPORTANT POINTS:
 Animals that can live both on land and in water are called
amphibians.
 Feathers keep the birds warm and help them to fly.
 Camouflage is the way in which some animals are coloured
and shaped so that they cannot be easily seen in their
surroundings.
 Aquatic animals swim with the help of fins. They help the
fish in moving forward, turning and keeping an upright
position by itself. The tail fin helps to change direction.
 Birds, reptiles and mammals breathe through their lungs.
 Fish and tadpoles breathe through gills.
 Whales and dolphins breathe through lungs.
 An earthworm breathes through its skin.
 Small animals like rats and squirrels have sharp front teeth
to gnaw their food. These animals are called rodents.
 Butterflies have a long, thin tube-like mouth to suck nectar
called proboscis.
 Birds that hunt while flying are called birds of prey.
 Animals like mice and squirrels have sharp, curved claws
called talons to catch and grip their prey.
 Fish have scales that do not let water enter their body.
 Snails have a hard, outer covering called a shell to protect
the soft bodies of animals.
 A porcupine has sharp, needle like spines called quills on
its body for protection against enemies.

7.  Insects like bees and ants have a waxy and water-resistant
outer covering called cuticle.