Mushroom cultivation in india and its scope.

2. “Mushroom Cultivation on Soybean Straw and Estimation of Protein”
::Submitted By
Mr Kailas Madhukar Sitaphale
BSc (Agricultural Biotechnology)
::Under Guidance Of::
Dr. B. N. Aglave Sir
(Department of Crop Science)
VILASRAO DESHMUKH COLLEGE OF AGRIL.BIOTECHNOLGY LATUR.

3.  Mushrooms are a group of higher fungi, which belongs to the class
Basidiomycetes and the order Agaricales.
 They lack chlorophyll and cannot, therefore, synthesize their own food.
 Mushrooms depend on dead organic matter as saprophytes, on living plants
as parasites or they co-exist with other living organisms as symbionts.
 They grow on grassy ground, rotten wood, leaf litter, dung, cellars and
mines.
 Mushroom is the fleshy spore bearing organ or fruiting bodies of
Agaricales.
 Usually the fruiting bodies are umbrella shaped structures, which produces
spores in large numbers.
INTRODUCTION

4.  Theses spores are minute, microscopic and are dispersed trough wind.
When they happen to fall on suitable substrate (like dead wood, straw,
manure, litter or any other cellulose material), the spores germinate and
develop into mycelia.
 As long as the condition is favourable for mycelium development and
growth, the mycelia continue to grow, ramify and absorb food from
substrate until they develop many fruiting bodies (Purkayastha and
Chadra, 1985).
 Although fungi cause enormous losses to man, animals and crops, yet,
some fungi are beneficial.
 They improve the nutritional quality of lignocelluloses waste use as an
animal feed stock.
 They have excellent capacity to transfer the cellulosic into valuable
proteins and offers promising scope of meeting the world wide food
shortage for the rapidly increasing population.

5. IMPORTANCE OF MUSHROOM
 They are good source of high quality proteins (25-30%), vitamins and
minerals. They are rich in good quality proteins with lysine and tryptophan
that are normally deficient in cereals. Mushrooms have traditionally been
used for medicinal and tonic properties. It is an indoor crop, grows
independent of sunlight and doesn’t require fertile land.
 They have huge potential for expert as global market is expending very
fast. Their cultivation is labour intensive and offers vast employment
opportunities in rural areas. In addition to floor air space is also utilized
resulting in higher production.
 They improve the nutritional quality of lignocelluloses waste use as an
animal feed stock. They have excellent capacity to transfer the cellulosic
into valuable proteins and offers promising scope of meeting the world
wide food shortage for the rapidly increasing population.
 So, keeping in view the importance of Mushroom and efficient utilization
of agriculture wastes, research were conducted, the present study decided
following objectives.

6. OBJECTIVES
 To standardize the technique for cultivation of Pleurotus sajar caju,
Pleurotus florida Mushrooms using Soybean straw.
 To estimate the protein contents of cultivated four species i.e., P.sajar
caju, P.florida, Blue spp., P. Eous.

7. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Collection of spawn:
The spawn culture of Pleurotus florida, P. Sajar caju were
obtained from Mushroom cultivation center (College of Agriculture,
Pune) and the Soybean straw were collected from Vilasrao Deshmukh
College Of Agricultural Biotechnology (VDCOAB, Farm) Latur.
Substrate Preparation:
The agro wastes, Soybean straw were collected from
(VDCOAB,Latur) and used as cultivation substrate. The substrate straw
were sun dried and unwanted materials /impurities discarded. Soybean
straw is then disinfected by soaking in water containing formalin
solution, chloropyriphos, bavistin for about 20 to 24 hrs.

8. MATERIALS AND CHEMICALS
Sr.
No
MATERIALS AND
CHEMICALS
Quantity
1. SOYBEAN STRAW 30kg/100 lit. water
2. FORMALIN 70ml/100lit. water
3. CHLOROPYRIPHOS 20ml/100lit. water
4. BAVISTIN 12gm/100lit.water
5. MUSHROOM SPAWN 100gm/bed
6. LARGE POLYTHENE BAGS 1/bed

9. Cultivation Procedure
 Fig 1- Preparation of disinfecting solution to sterilize
Straw
 Fig 2- Mixing of Soybean straw in water (containing disinfectant) for soaking

10.  Fig 3- Discarding the unwanted materials/ impurities from soaked Soybean
straw
 Fig 4- Fully prepared Mushroom bed with tagging

11. Fig 5- Sprouting and initiation of Mushrooms after 20 days on Soybean straw
 Fig 6- Fully grown Mushroom ready for harvesting

12.  Fig 7- Supply of water daily routine
 Fig 8- - Collection of harvested Mushrooms of P. florida and P. sajar caju

13. RESULTS OF MUSHROOM PRODUCTION
 Yield of Mushroom Was Calculated By Using Biological Efficiency (B.E.)
given below:
 Biological efficiency %= Fresh weight of Mushroom × 100
Dry weight of substrate
 Table 1- Total yield of Pleurotus sajar caju
Sr. No. Flush Fresh
weight(g)
Dry weight
(g)
1 1st 820 75
2 2nd 420 33
3 3rd 180 16
4 Total yield 1420 124

14.  Table 2- Total yield of Pleurotus Florida
Sr. No Flush Fresh
weight(g)
Dry
weight(g)
1 1st 780 72
2 2nd 400 32
3 3rd 175 15
4 Total yield 1355 119

15. RESULTS OF THE PROTEIN ESTIMATION
 To calculate the protein content in Mushrooms, it is required first to
extract the protein from freshly fruiting bodies and then estimates the
actual percentage by Lowry’s method.
Sample O. D. At
660nm
Conc. (mg/ml) % protein
1. P.sajar caju 0.682 0.46 27.46
2. P.florida 0.754 0.51 30.36
3. Blue spp 0.548 0.37 22.06
4. ., P. Eous 0.710 0.48 25.59

16. SUMMARY OF THE PROGRAMME
 The project was undertaken to check the production of Mushroom on
Soybean straw and to estimate the protein content in four species of
Mushrooms by Lowry’s method. These studies were conducted at
Vilasrao Deshmukh College of Agricultural Biotechnology, Latur and
College Of Agriculture, Latur.
 Mushroom are fruiting bodies of macro fungi commercially cultivated
almost all over the world. It lack chlorophyll, thus it can’t produce its
own food and depends upon other living or dead plants and organic
manures.

17. INDUSTRIAL VISIT
 The Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology or CCMB is an
Indian biotechnology research establishment located in Hyderabad that
operates under the aegis of the Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research.
 CCMB is a designated "Centre of Excellence" by the Global Molecular and
Cell Biology Network, UNESCO.
 The Republic of India's national biosafety level – 4 containment facility
for human infectious diseases is located on the campus of CCMB.
 CCMB is accredited by Jawaharlal Nehru University to offer Doctor of
Philosophy programme and post doctoral research.
 CCMB was set up initially as a semi-autonomous Centre on 1 April 1977
with the Biochemistry Division of the then Regional Research Laboratory
(presently, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, IICT) in Habsiguda,
Hyderabad forming its nucleus and Dr P M Bhargava heading the new
Centre.

18. EXPERIENCE GAINED
 The ongoing research programmes at the CCMB are in three major
categories-
1. High quality basic research in the frontier areas of modern biology
2. research relevant to societal needs
3.Application-oriented research towards commercialisation.
 These include the areas of biomedicine & diagnostics, evolution &
development, gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, host-
parasite interactions, membrane biology, protein structure, bio
informatics, functional genomics, theoretical biology, etc.

19. OBSERVATION/ INFORAMATION GATHERED
 We visited to Drosophilla Facility Lab and gained following
information about Drosophilla project:
The key activities of this facility includes development of mRNA, Body
patterning, and RNA interference studies. This activities are aimed drug
screening of Cancer, Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases. The facility has
comprehensive sample bank with 1700 strains of drosophilla. The lab is
equipped with state-of-the-art facilities.
The primary research focus of the lab is to understand the role of genome
organization and nuclear architecture in epigenetic mechanisms and hence
the gene expression during development. We use fruitfly (Drosophila
melanogaster) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) as model organisms of choice.

20. Industrial Visit Related Photographs
 Fig. 1 Visit to CCMB, Hyderabad (T.S.)
 Fig. 2 Visit to the Green House Plant in CCMB, Hyderabad (T.S.)

21.  Fig. 3 and 4 Visit to Proteomics Laboratory CCMB, Hyderabad (T.S.)