PPT themes, animation and fonts may have changed, you may want to edit some for your convenience. some of the animations may not work on earlier versions of PPT. Thank you for viewing my presentation, hope you pick up some useful information regarding Actinomycoses.
4. history
1877- Otto Bollinger decribed presence of A . bovis in
cattle
1878 – James Israel discovered A . israeli in humans
1879- Hartz first observed the microscopic appearance of
sulfur granules
1890- Eugene Bostroem isolated C. A. from a culture of
grain, grasses & soil
1939- Bergey classified the organism as bacterial but it
remained classed as a fungus in the 1955 ed. of the
Control of Communicable Diseases
5. Etiology
(In Animals)
causative organisms are non-motile, non-spore
forming, non-acid fast, Gram (+) pleomorphic,
anaerobic to microaerophilic filamentous rods
belonging to the Actinomycetaceae family.
Requires mucosal break and copathogens to
cause infection
The filaments are <1 µm in diameter, as
opposed to fungal filaments which are >1 µm in
6. Etiology
(In Humans)
Polymicrobial etiologic agents belonging to different
genera
(Actinomyces, Propionibacterium, and Bifidobacterium)
Causative Actinomyces sp (most commonly A. israelii),
are often present commensally on the gums, tonsils,
and teeth.
8. Worldwide distribution, commonly found in
poor regions or of low economic status and
poor hygiene.
More common in males (3:1)
1-28% mortality rate
9. β -lactam antibiotics (highly sensitive)
tetracyclines, macrolides, lincomycins, fusidi
c acid. and vancomycin (high to moderate)
some strains are resistant to
aminoglycosides peptide antibiotics metronid
azole rifampicin (A . Naeslundii )
10. SUSCEPTIBILITY TO
DISINFECTANTS
Actinomyces spp are shown to be susceptible
to:
Low concentrations of chlorine
70 % ethanol
Phenolics
2% aqueous glutaraldehyde
peracetic acid (0.001% to 0.2%)
11. PHYSICAL INACTIVATION
exposure to UV rays or by heating to 55--
65 °C
inactivated by moist heat (121°C for 15 min -
30 min)
dry heat (160-170°C for 12 hours)
15. Types offimbriaein some
Actinomyces spp.
type 1 fimbriae
mediate bacterial attachment to the tooth surface
and saliva coated hydroxyapatite
type 2 fimbriae
associated with a lectin activity that mediates
adhesion to epithelial cells and PMN’s , as well
as coaggregation with other bacteria.
16.
17. transmission
Commensals of oral cavity, GIT, and female genital
tract.
Requires a break in the integrity of mucous
membranes and presence of devitalized
tissue to invade deeper body structures
and to cause illness.
Requires copathogens
IP:
varies from several days to several years after colon
22. Clinical signs
swollen lumps on cheek or neck,
reddish or bluish -
coloured skin over the lumps
a high temperature (fever) of 38ºC (100.4ºF)
or above
23.
24.
25.
26. Clinical signs
a high temperature (fever) of 38ºC (100.4ºF)
or above
emaciation
tiredness (fatigue)
inappetence
dyspnea
chest pain
30. Clinical signs
mild fever (no higher than 38ºC (100.4ºF)
weight loss
Fatigue
constipation or diarrhoea
abdominal pain
nausea and vomiting
noticeable mass/lump in lower abdomen
36. injury
• hay
• Wire
• sticks
Lumpy
jaw
• Mandible
• Maxillae
• Other bony
tissues
fistula
• Mass
• ulceration
A.bovis
37. Specie Affected animals Transmission Clinical Signs/Manifestations
A.
actinoid
es
cattle
Secondary
invader
Calves: enzootic pneumonia
Bulls: seminal vasculitis
A.israelii
man
Trauma,
injury,/brea
k
Aspiration,
inspiration
Chronic granulomatous
infxns
Swine,
cattle
Pyogranulomatous lesions
A.naeslundii
Several
animal
spp.
Trauma/inj
ury
Suppurative infxns
swine abortion
38. A.suis swine
Trauma,
injury, or
break
Pyogranulonmatous porcine
mastitis, deep ventral SQ
granulomatous lesions,
occassional pyogranulomatous
infxns in lungs, spleen, kidneys
and other organs
A.
hordeovulneris canine inhalation
pyogranulomatous pleuritis, perito
nitis, visceral abscesses, or s
eptic arthritis
A. viscosus canine
Bite wounds
or foreign
bodies
Localized SQ abcesses in head,
neck, thorax and abdomen,
Specie Affected animals Transmission Clinical Signs/Manifestations
42. Antimicrobial therapy
(in humans)
Penicillin G
Adult:Penicillin G - 12-24 million U/d IV by
continuous infusion or in divided doses
q4h for 1-2 wk
then switch to PO (penicillin VK) for 6-12
mo
43. Antimicrobial therapy
(if there is hypersensitivity and resistant to
PenG)
Amoxycillin/Clavulanic
acid
Adult: 500 mg PO
q8h, or 875 mg PO
q12h),
Ceftriaxone
Adult: 2 g IV/IM q12-
24h; not to exceed 4
g/d,
Clindamycin
Doxycycline
Adult: 100 mg PO/IV
q12h
Imipenem/Cilastin
Adult: 500 mg-1000mg
IV q8h; not to exceed
4 g/d,
44. Antimicrobial therapy
(in animals)
Antimicrobials (like injectable penicillin,
Sulfonamides, Tylosin, and
streptomycin).
Potasium Iodide (4-8 gm daily orally).
Sodium Iodide 15-30 g in 250-500 ml
distilled water –IV route.
Isoniazid (20mg/kg BW).
49. Handling and storage
SPILLS
Allow aerosols to settle and, wearing protective clothing, gen
tly cover spill with paper towels andapply an appropriate disi
nfectant, starting at the perimeter and working towards the c
entre. Allow sufficient contact time before clean up
DISPOSAL
decontaminate all contaminated wastes before disposal via
autoclave, chemical disinfection, gamma irradiation, or inci
neration
STORAGE