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Teacher Background
Name: Hidy Tse Hoi Ming
Secondary School Science/Chemistry Teacher
KB experience:
• Year of joining ICP: Sept 2005
    (Learning Community Projects for knowledge Building in Schools)
•   Teaching experience before joining ICP: 5 years
•   1st KB workshop : 2004
•   Year of starting KB approach : 2005-2006
•   KBIP : 06-07,07-08, 08-09, 09-10
(Knowledge Building International Program (KBIP, Laferrierre and Law, 2010) )
School Background
School Name: Pui Kiu College (2005 – 2008)

T & L strategy :
Principal encouraged all teachers to adopt more
student-centered inquiry-oriented approaches to
teaching
Number of note created by students
Percent of note read by students
Percent of note linked
Number of note revisions
Number of scaffolds used
2nd year




           3rd year
Average Number of Notes per Thread
    Average Depth of Discussion Thread
6                                         4

                                         3.5
5
                                          3
4                                        2.5

3                                         2

                                         1.5
2
                                          1
1                                        0.5

0                                         0
            Year 2            Year 3                Year 2            Year 3
Average Depth of Discussion Thread         Average Number of Notes per Thread

7                                         4

6                                        3.5

                                          3
5
                                         2.5
4
                                          2
3
                                         1.5
2
                                          1

1                                        0.5

0                                         0
     Year 2   Year 3   Year 4   Year 5         Year 2   Year 3   Year 4   Year 5
Year 1 – Energy
KB Goal – KF as additional channel for students to learn some
   important scientific concepts in a more interesting way

Year Level: Secondary 1 (mixed ability)

Subject: Integrated Science

Time Used: 2-3 weeks

Topic: Energy transformation and energy conservation Topic
context:
   • transformation of different forms of energy
   • Principle of Energy conservation
Year 1 – Energy                           




  Generate
 Inquiry Qs
                 • Basically follow the topic sequence
                   and activities in the textbook.
Identify good
Qs for Inquiry
                 • End-of-Chapter questions are
F2F or online
   discuss
                   selected for the students to discuss
                   on KF.
Identify Good
  Discussion

                  End-of-Chapter questions = Good questions
                 
Consolidation        No need to identify good Qs for Inquiry
Year 1 – Energy                         




  Generate
 Inquiry Qs
                 • Provide students with a lot of
                   resources on the web, online
Identify good
Qs for Inquiry     simulation of roller
F2F or online
                   coaster, experiments and books to
   discuss
                   investigate this topic.
Identify Good
  Discussion

                  There was not much discussion in the classroom.
Consolidation
Year 2 – Energy
      KB Goal – To make the discussion more engaging


Year Level: Secondary 1 (mixed ability)

Subject: Integrated Science

Time Used: 5-6 weeks
Topic: If energy is conserved, why is there still an energy crisis?

Topic context/ Conceptual Focus:
   • Energy, energy source/ fuel
   • Relationship between fuel & energy
   • Paradox of the Principle of Energy conservation & energy crisis.
Year 2 – Energy                      
                                                          KB
      Draw the students’ attention to a paradox—          talk


if energy is conserved, why is there still an energy crisis?
    Generate
   Inquiry Qs



  Identify good
                   • To elicit students’ concepts about
  Qs for Inquiry
                     energy and energy source/
  F2F or online
     discuss
                     fuel, relationship between fuel &
                     energy.
  Identify Good
    Discussion



 Consolidation
Year 2 – Energy                              
                                                                    KB

                 Open exploration & sharing of ideas                talk




  Generate
 Inquiry Qs



Identify good      • provide 2 seed questions for inquiry:
Qs for Inquiry

                      1. What is energy?
F2F or online
   discuss
                      2. What is energy crisis?
Identify Good
  Discussion
                       Inquiry Qs are provided by T
                          No need to identify good Qs for Inquiry
Consolidation
                      
Year 2 – Energy
                 Open exploration & sharing of ideas

  Generate
 Inquiry Qs


Identify good
                   1. Open exploration and sharing of ideas in
Qs for Inquiry
                      KF base on the seed questions given by the
F2F or online         teacher.
   discuss
                   2. Write learning diary (reflect on what has
Identify Good
  Discussion          been learned) in KF with the following
                      scaffolds:
Consolidation
                      • The most important problem is
                      • How do I solve this problem
                      • I still need to explore
Year 2 – Energy
           Draw the students’ attention to a paradox

  Generate
 Inquiry Qs



Identify good    • Provide another “seed question” for
Qs for Inquiry
                   inquiry:
F2F or online
   discuss          “If energy is conserved, why is there still
Identify Good
                    energy crisis?”
  Discussion



Consolidation    (The first 2 seed questions focus on the “what” in
                    energy crisis, followed by a “why” question for
                    drawing students’ attention to the paradox.)
Year 2 – Energy
                 Further discussion on thoughtful notes

  Generate
 Inquiry Qs
                   Examples from students’ work

Identify good      •   There is the principle of energy conservation in Physics. So
Qs for Inquiry         why is there now a shortage of energy in the world?
                       [2007, Jan 09]
F2F or online          First, please do NOT be cheated by the term energy shortage...
   discuss
                       Energy shortage just means shortage of petroleum and coal. It
                       does NOT mean the TOTAL energy in ALL forms on earth is
Identify Good
  Discussion
                       decreasing. …….
                       However, human being rely too much on non-renewable energy
                       like petroleum and coal. Once they are burnt into other form of
Consolidation
                       energy, we can NOT obtain them back in reversed way. ..….
                       they are non-renewable, …… Then eventually, ALL of them will
                       be consumed in the future... This is known as energy crisis...
                       ……. To conclude, the term energy crisis is just for our
                       convenience. It has nothing to do with the physical law
                       conservation of energy...
Year 2 – Energy
                 Further discussion on thoughtful notes

  Generate
 Inquiry Qs
                    Examples from students’ work

Identify good
Qs for Inquiry      • What is the difference between fuel and Energy?
                      [2007, Jan 21]
F2F or online
   discuss
                       …. Fuel is a kind of substance that when it is burnt it
Identify Good          releases energy while energy has many different forms
  Discussion           like kinetic, potential, … and it can be transferred from
                       one form to another form.
Consolidation
Year 2 – Energy
                 Further discussion on thoughtful notes

  Generate
 Inquiry Qs
                    Examples from students’ work

Identify good
Qs for Inquiry      • Fuel [2007, Jan 23]

F2F or online
   discuss             Fuel releases its energy either through chemical
                       means, such as burning, or nuclear means, such as
Identify Good          nuclear fission or nuclear fusion. An important property
  Discussion           of a useful fuel is that its energy can be stored and to be
                       released only when needed, and that the release is
Consolidation          controlled … that the energy can be harnessed to
                       produce work.
Year 2 – Energy
Further discussion – tackle problems of understanding

  Generate
 Inquiry Qs



Identify good
Qs for Inquiry
                 •provide 2 questions for further discussion:

F2F or online
   discuss          1. What are the differences, if any, between
                       these 3 words: energy, fuel, and power?
Identify Good
  Discussion


                    2. What is the difference between renewable
Consolidation
                       and non-renewable energy? Are both forms of
                       energy conserved during energy
                       transformations?
Year 2 – Energy
Solving the energy crisis by designing or developing something

     Generate
    Inquiry Qs
                    1. Designing artifacts (e.g. posters, songs, movie
                       clips, animations, etc.) that would contribute to
   Identify good       public education on energy crisis and energy
   Qs for Inquiry
                       conservation.
   F2F or online
      discuss
                    2. Designing technology (an operable product or a
   Identify Good
     Discussion
                       design plan) to help solve the energy crisis.

   Consolidation    3. Developing energy conservation
                       policies/plans/proposals, with rationales for the
                       government/ schools/ families/ individuals in HK
                       to implement.
Year 2 – Energy
                   Examples of students’ work

  Generate
 Inquiry Qs
                 1. Designing artifacts
                 some created a poster, a board game and
Identify good
Qs for Inquiry
                 instructions to tell the children what energy crisis
                 through playing.
F2F or online
   discuss
                 2. Designing technology
                 “Pumped storage reservoirs aren’t really a means of
Identify Good
  Discussion
                 generating electrical power. They’re a way of storing
                 energy so that we can release it quickly when we
Consolidation
                 need it….”
                 3. Developing energy conservation proposals
                 Some wrote plans/policies to the school & secretary
                 for the Environment “… For example, installing
                 motion sensors to turn off the lights in classrooms.”
Year 3 – Wild space: Sustainability and water
                 KB Goal – learning to learn—
       the ability to engage in inquiry-based learning

Year Level: Secondary 1 (mixed ability)

Subject: Integrated Science

Time Used: 8 weeks
Topic: Wild space: Sustainability and water

Topic context/ Conceptual Focus:
  • concepts in two S1 science curriculum units (“water” and “living
    things”) by authentic inquiry
  • e.g. classification, cell & reproduction, using
    microscope, pollution, food web, green house effect, global
Year 3 – Wild space
     Provide authentic scenario, generate questions,
      think from individual level to community level

  Generate
 Inquiry Qs


Identify good
Qs for Inquiry
                 • Provide an authentic & stimulus learning
                   environment (Field Studies) for students to
F2F or online      generate questions for inquiry
   discuss



Identify Good
  Discussion
                 • Generate questions
                    individual level
Consolidation          group level
                            class level
Year 3 – Wild space
     Provide authentic scenario, generate questions,
      think from individual level to community level

  Generate
 Inquiry Qs


Identify good
Qs for Inquiry
                 • Provide an authentic & stimulus learning
                   environment (Field Studies) for students to
F2F or online      generate questions for inquiry
   discuss



Identify Good
  Discussion
                 • Generate questions
                    individual level
Consolidation          group level
                            class level
Year 3 – Wild space
     Provide authentic scenario, generate questions,
      think from individual level to community level

  Generate
 Inquiry Qs
                 Examples of Criteria for Good inquiry questions:

Identify good
Qs for Inquiry   • “why” and “how” questions more than
                   “what”, “who”, “where” and “when” (but not always
F2F or online      true, and usually has exception on “what/ what if”
   discuss
                   questions.)
Identify Good
  Discussion
                 • Require explanatory typed answers

                 • more than 1 answer
Consolidation

                 • generate more inquiry questions
                 • use data, information or authoritative source to answer
                   the question
Year 3 – Wild space
     Provide authentic scenario, generate questions,
      think from individual level to community level

  Generate
 Inquiry Qs
                 Examples of Good questions:

Identify good
Qs for Inquiry   - How does the weather affect the creatures both in the
                   water & land?
F2F or online
   discuss       - What can we do to stop polluting the Earth? How can we
                   rescue them [animals] from extinction?
Identify Good
  Discussion
                 - Why there is a hole in [the ozone layer of the]
                   atmosphere?
Consolidation    - How does the carbon dioxide cause animal extinction?
                 - How do planktons give birth to their babies?
Year 3 – Wild space
         Face-to-face discussion  Online discussion


  Generate
 Inquiry Qs
                 1. Post the good questions and data
Identify good
Qs for Inquiry
                    collected from field trip in KF to extent
                    discussion.
F2F or online
   discuss
                 2. Discuss and work on perceived threats
Identify Good       to their sites.
  Discussion

                 3. Write weekly learning diary.
Consolidation
Year 3 – Wild space
Group identification, presentation, further KB talk & online discussion


       Generate
                      Examples of Criteria for Good Discussion:
      Inquiry Qs
                      • In theoretical level rather than in opinion level
     Identify good
     Qs for Inquiry
                      • Explain and illustrate the reasons of an idea / view
                      • Use data, information and authoritative source to support a view
     F2F or online
        discuss
                      • Can identify a general pattern from some
                        phenomenon, observations, with explanatory reasons.
     Identify Good
       Discussion
                      • Connect to prior knowledge/ ideas that have been discussed

                      • Generate more inquiry questions
     Consolidation
                      • Facilitate further discussion – more build on notes
                      • Initiate further exploration/ testing of ideas in action (e.g.
                        conducting experiment, interviews, survey, researches, etc.)
                      • Create new levels of understanding for the community.
Year 3 – Wild space
Group identification, presentation, further KB talk & online discussion

                      Examples of Good discussion notes:
       Generate
      Inquiry Qs


     Identify good    • Student A: Carbon Dioxide is a kind of toxic gas. It
     Qs for Inquiry
                        is created by the breath of animals (plants), and will
                        be distilled by photosynthesis by plants. ……
     F2F or online
        discuss

                      • Student B: I don't think carbon dioxide is a
     Identify Good
       Discussion       poisonous gas because the trees will intake the
                        carbon dioxide during the photosynthesis.
     Consolidation

                      • Student C: …human being cannot breath pure
                        oxygen, and air contains, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon
                        dioxide...
Year 3 – Wild space
                 consolidation- summary notes, KB talk


  Generate
 Inquiry Qs        1.   Group consolidation
Identify good      2.   Presentation
Qs for Inquiry

                   3.   Commentary
F2F or online
   discuss
                   4.   Refinement
Identify Good
  Discussion       5.   Post key inquiry questions in KF
Consolidation
                   6.   Categorization of big ideas/ views
                   7.   Class online discussion
Year 3 – Wild space
Further discussion, KB talk , identification of Good discussion


   Generate
  Inquiry Qs



Identify good
Qs for Inquiry
                 • Further discussion on the key inquiry
 F2F or online
    discuss
                   questions & further identification of Good
                   Discussion
Identify Good
  Discussion



Consolidation
Year 3 – Wild space
                         Further consolidation –
KB talk , identification of Good question & discussion, summary note

       Generate
      Inquiry Qs



    Identify good
    Qs for Inquiry   • Further consolidated discussion &
                       knowledge
     F2F or online
        discuss
                     • Formulate the big ideas & identify good
    Identify Good
                       questions for International Collaboration
      Discussion



    Consolidation
Year 4 – Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan
KB Goal – acquire better reasoning skills by inquiry-based learning; &
               acquire better meta-cognitive skills by reflection

Year Level: Primary 6 (mixed ability)

Subject: General Studies

Time Used: 8 weeks
Topic: Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan

Topic context/ Conceptual Focus:
   • Predator-prey, Interdependent, Food
     dependent, competitors, habitat, carrying capacity, population
     control, birth rate, death rate, dynamic equilibrium, invasive
     species,
   • Data interpretation skills, graphing skills, .e.g. population – time
Year 4 – Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan
        authentic scenario, 1st round inquiry questions

    Generate
   Inquiry Qs
                   • Provide authentic problem
                           generate of questions for inquiry
  Identify good
  Qs for Inquiry
                               open exploration and sharing of ideas

  F2F or online
     discuss                      “what is the problem?
                              how does this problem arise? ”
  Identify Good
    Discussion


                   • Stimulus for inquiry
  Consolidation
                   • Resources & activities to support discussion on inquiry
                     question
Year 4 – Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan
        authentic scenario, 1st round inquiry questions

    Generate
   Inquiry Qs
                   Examples of discussion that illustrate how the difference
                   in strategy impact on quality of discourse
  Identify good    • Video Clips – TV program
  Qs for Inquiry
                   Student A: (I need to understand) How Global Warming
  F2F or online        affect the animals habitats? Will it be some changes of
     discuss
                       their habitats? How do the animals adapt the changes?
  Identify Good
    Discussion
                   Student B: (My theory) The global warming heat their
                      habitats so the creatures that live in cold places need
  Consolidation
                      to migrate to other places.

                   Student C: (I need to understand) How are the organism
                      know that there are some colder places around them?
Year 4 – Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan
        authentic scenario, 1st round inquiry questions
                   Examples of discussion that illustrate how the difference
    Generate       in strategy impact on quality of discourse
   Inquiry Qs
                   • Simulation program – Worldmaker
  Identify good
  Qs for Inquiry   Teacher: If the number of cows increase rapidly, what will
                      happen to soil and grass?
  F2F or online
     discuss       Student A: (Opinion) I think that if the number of cows increase
                      rapidly, the grass would all be eaten, but the soil would be
  Identify Good       more fertile, and, if the grass were all eaten, then some of
    Discussion
                      the cows would died because of hunger.

  Consolidation    Student B: (My theory) The grass and soil will die soon. But
                      when the number of cows decrease, the grass would grow
                      again. …

                   Student C: Why the rabbits will die when we add some hares?
Year 4 – Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan
        authentic scenario, 1st round inquiry questions

    Generate
   Inquiry Qs
                   Examples of discussion that illustrate how the difference
                   in strategy impact on quality of discourse
  Identify good    • Simulation program – Worldmaker
  Qs for Inquiry

                   Student D: (My theory) The plants and the bugs' relationship is
  F2F or online       the predation. So if the prey's number drops, the predator's
     discuss
                      number will drop too.
                      (I need to understand) I saw the line of the plants is always
  Identify Good
    Discussion        the one that drop first, then the frog will drop too, why?

  Consolidation
Year 4 – Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan
        authentic scenario, 1st round inquiry questions

    Generate
   Inquiry Qs
                   Example of KB talk – question/ comment /
                   demonstration
  Identify good
  Qs for Inquiry
                   Teacher:
                   ….think about the consequence of eating bugs to the frogs.
  F2F or online    If the no. of bugs gets fewer, how the frogs will be affected?
     discuss
                   Difficult to find food
  Identify Good    as a result, the frogs reproduce fewer but die more.
    Discussion
                   Then, there will also be a net decrease in the frog
                       population.
  Consolidation
Year 4 – Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan
        authentic scenario, 1st round inquiry questions
                   Examples of discussion that illustrate how the difference
    Generate
   Inquiry Qs
                   in strategy impact on quality of discourse
                   • Simulation program – Worldmaker / KB talk
  Identify good
  Qs for Inquiry   Student D: (My theory) I think that frog population decline in
                      hotter region and increase in cooler region is because of the
  F2F or online       global warming. Frogs are adapted to their original habitat
     discuss
                      temperature. When global warming arises, their original
                      habitat temperature start to increase. When the frogs can't
  Identify Good
    Discussion        adapt the new 'too hot' temperature, they'll have to migrate
                      to cooler region. Therefore, frog population increases in
                      cooler region when they think it's more suitable for them.
  Consolidation

                      (New information) According to the game world, frogs go to
                      regions with more food supply (bugs) which are cooler
                      regions. Maybe this also impact the frog population.
Year 4 – Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan
        authentic scenario, 1st round inquiry questions
                   Examples of discussion that illustrate how the difference
    Generate
   Inquiry Qs
                   in strategy impact on quality of discourse
                   • Simulation program – Worldmaker / KB talk (Con’t)
  Identify good
  Qs for Inquiry   Student D: ….However, WM opens up another thread of
                      explanation. In the frog world, under the rules, we see that
                      the frogs need not intentionally move from T1, T2 to T4. On
  F2F or online
     discuss          the other hand, the temperature determines the growth rate
                      of plants. it is set that at T4, the plant grows fastest. Then, it
  Identify Good
                      leads to greater food supply to the bugs, and this makes the
    Discussion        bug population at this region grows faster. In turn, this
                      makes frogs at T4 have greater food supply and then they
                      reproduce more, and therefore, the frog population
  Consolidation
                      increases more at that region.
Year 4 – Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan
                      Consolidation & Reflection

    Generate
   Inquiry Qs
                   Examples of Question Prompt

  Identify good
  Qs for Inquiry
                   • Do you think that your discussion can help you to build
                     knowledge? Or just repeating the opinions of other
  F2F or online      people?
     discuss
                   • Does the discussion in KF help you to have deeper/ or
  Identify Good
                     change your understanding on some problems?
    Discussion
                   • Read and select the best reflections from others. Why
                     do you think they are the best? How do you choose?
  Consolidation
                     How the reflections can be improved?
Year 4 – Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan
                   Consolidation & Reflection

                   Examples of discussion that illustrate how the difference
    Generate
   Inquiry Qs
                   in strategy impact on quality of discourse
                   • Reflection – Learning Journal
  Identify good
  Qs for Inquiry
                   Student A:
                   (Most difficult to understand) I think that this week it was
  F2F or online
     discuss          pretty hard to predict the increasing or decreasing number
                      of cows.
  Identify Good    (Most important problem/question) it was also interesting to
    Discussion
                      predict how much cows can the ‘cow-land’ hold. I myself
                      think that the ‘cow-land’ can hold that particular
  Consolidation
                      number, then decrease at a surprising speed…
                   (My next research question) What will we do if the cows really
                      died out?
Year 4 – Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan
                   Consolidation & Reflection

                   Examples of discussion that illustrate how the difference
    Generate
   Inquiry Qs
                   in strategy impact on quality of discourse
                   • Reflection – Learning Journal
  Identify good
  Qs for Inquiry
                   Student B:
                   (Most important idea) The most important idea is organism
  F2F or online
     discuss          rely on each other to live. I understand this part, but what’s
                      the reason? That’s my next research question.
  Identify Good    (My next research question) Why organism have to interact?
    Discussion
                      Why can’t they live as individuals?

  Consolidation
Year 4 – Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan
        authentic scenario, 2nd round inquiry questions
                                                            
    Generate
   Inquiry Qs      Examples of stimulus & resources
                   • field studies & experiments (turbidity, pH, water
  Identify good
  Qs for Inquiry
                      surface temperature, water temperature, microscope
                      observation, etc.)
  F2F or online    • seminars
     discuss
                   • interviewing the experts, etc.
  Identify Good
    Discussion



  Consolidation
Year 4 – Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan
        authentic scenario, 2nd round inquiry questions
                   Examples of students’ discussion notes
    Generate
   Inquiry Qs

                   Student A: Why does the temperature in the bottom of the
  Identify good
  Qs for Inquiry
                   water higher than that of the water surface in the site?

  F2F or online
     discuss
                   Student B: (I need to understand) the interaction between
                   the environment and the organisms? … I discovered the
  Identify Good    environment affect the organisms, and organisms affect
    Discussion
                   the environment…..(my next research question) how do
                   human beings impact the environments?
  Consolidation
Year 4 – Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan
Further discussion, KB talk, Identify Good Qn & Discussion,
                 Reflection, Consolidation      
    Generate
   Inquiry Qs
                   Examples of stimulus & resources
                   • field studies
  Identify good
  Qs for Inquiry
                   • experiments
                   • seminars
  F2F or online
     discuss
                   • interviewing the experts, etc.

  Identify Good
    Discussion



  Consolidation
Year 4 – Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan
Further discussion, KB talk, Identify Good Qn & Discussion,
                 Reflection, Consolidation      
    Generate
                   Examples of students’ discussion notes
   Inquiry Qs
                   Student A: (putting our knowledge together) after
                   discussing this “foxes will increase because of sufficient
  Identify good
  Qs for Inquiry   food. The rabbit will decrease because many foxes eat
                   them. “ I found that most of us think the biggest impact to
  F2F or online
     discuss
                   the environment is to put some hare in it.
                   ….. When the numbers of fox increase to a “tipping”
  Identify Good    point, food will decrease… we have done a virtual test, and
    Discussion
                   we found that rabbit won’t die completely, therefore
                   putting fox inside the environment is not the most
  Consolidation
                   destructive. … But putting hares into the environment will
                   cause a huge problem, because they are competitors and
                   they need to fight for food, habitat and mates, the
                   advantage of hare is that they are bigger in size, and they
                   win the competition…..
Year 5 – Children can change the world: Poverty
 KB Goal – transform individual ideas to community knowledge;
Idea advancement by progressive understanding on KB principles

Year Level: Primary 4 (mixed ability)

Subject: General Studies

Time Used: 2-3 weeks
Topic: Children can change the world: Poverty

Topic context/ Conceptual Focus:
• Students advance their knowledge & understanding about
  poverty
Year 5 – Children can change the world: Poverty
  Authentic scenario, generate & select inquiry good qn,
         Face-to-face discussion, categorization
                                                           
     Generate
    Inquiry Qs

                    1.   Generate inquiry questions
   Identify good
   Qs for Inquiry
                    2.   open exploration and sharing of ideas
   F2F or online    3.   Select good questions
      discuss

                    4.   Formulate initial views on the problem.
   Identify Good
     Discussion     5.   Categorize of ideas/ views
   Consolidation
Year 5 – Children can change the world: Poverty
  Authentic scenario, generate & select inquiry good qn,
         Face-to-face discussion, categorization
                                                            
     Generate
    Inquiry Qs
                    Examples of inquiry questions
   Identify good
   Qs for Inquiry
                    1.   What is poverty?
                    2.   What are the factors causing poverty? Why?
   F2F or online
      discuss       3.   How poverty affect the world?
   Identify Good
                    4.   Poverty happens anywhere?
     Discussion
                    5.   How to help the poor out of poverty?
   Consolidation
Year 5 – Children can change the world: Poverty
              online discussion, identify good discussion,
                   generate new qn, further discuss              Big
                                                                paper
                     Example of student discussion view in KF
     Generate
    Inquiry Qs



   Identify good
   Qs for Inquiry


   F2F or online
      discuss



   Identify Good
     Discussion



   Consolidation
Year 5 – Children can change the world: Poverty
   identify good discussion, reflection, peer assessment

     Generate
    Inquiry Qs
                    Example of KB principle-based criteria (KB Award
                    Scheme)
   Identify good
   Qs for Inquiry
                    Nominees should be able to promote idea progression and
                      knowledge building through:
   F2F or online
      discuss
                    • Actively and enthusiastically read notes written by others
   Identify Good    • serious thinking, to put forward constructive and
     Discussion
                      critical responses
   Consolidation    • Proper use of inquiry
                      questions, titles, scaffolds, keywords, references, anno
                      tations and other functions in KF
Year 5 – Children can change the world: Poverty
   identify good discussion, reflection, peer assessment

     Generate
    Inquiry Qs
                    Example of KB principle-based criteria (KB Award
                    Scheme)
   Identify good
                    Be able to use the following KB principles to write
   Qs for Inquiry     reflection journal:

   F2F or online
                    • Use of authoritative sources
      discuss
                    • Democratizing knowledge
   Identify Good      (reference the ideas of other people /ideas
     Discussion
                      constructed collectively)

   Consolidation
                    • idea diversity (include multiple perspectives)
                    • Improvable ideas (show how the ideas have been
                      improved)
                    • Review and reflect regularly
                       (review, refine and write reflection journal regularly)
Year 5 – Children can change the world: Poverty
   identify good discussion, reflection, peer assessment

                    Example of reflection journal
     Generate
    Inquiry Qs


   Identify good
   Qs for Inquiry


   F2F or online
      discuss



   Identify Good
                    Student A: ….. We are talking about how do the global
     Discussion     warming affect the farmers and their products…
                    … but why don’t we understanding what is global
   Consolidation    warming first……
                    (New information) Global warming is a phenomenon…..
                    too much exhausted carbon dioxide in atmosphere which
                    makes the temperature of the planet rise....
Year 5 – Children can change the world: Poverty
   identify good discussion, reflection, peer assessment

                    Example of reflection journal (cont’t)
     Generate
    Inquiry Qs


   Identify good
   Qs for Inquiry


   F2F or online
      discuss



   Identify Good
                    Student A: ….. (putting our knowledge together) Global
     Discussion     warming affects the products of the farmers because
                    their plants cannot survive in a higher temperature…
   Consolidation    lower the production yield…..the price goes higher ….less
                    competitive…. less people will buy .. Famers become
                    poorer.... (my next question) how can we slow down
                    global warming ……
Year 5 – Children can change the world: Poverty
     group identification, categorization, presentation,
                    group summary note

     Generate
                    Example of students’ group summary note
    Inquiry Qs


   Identify good
   Qs for Inquiry


   F2F or online
      discuss



   Identify Good
                    Student B: (what we discussed) … after a long period of time
     Discussion     in pursuing collective inquiry, our views on “poverty problem”
                    are as follows……
   Consolidation    Our understanding on this topic:
                    1. What is poverty (definition)……
                    (a) According to the world bank data & information, we
                    understanding that poverty is…
                    Lacking of the basic abilities for living…. E.g. no residence….
Year 5 – Children can change the world: Poverty
     group identification, categorization, presentation,
                    group summary note
                    Example of students’ group summary note (con’t)
     Generate
    Inquiry Qs


   Identify good
   Qs for Inquiry


   F2F or online
      discuss

                    Student B: ….the following are the new theories on the
   Identify Good    definition of poverty that student x suggested…
     Discussion
                    ….Cannot access to health benefits…..and no hope for future…
                    In addition to the above points, Student M, N and O also
   Consolidation
                    explained the “poverty problem”, they pointed out that….
                    …lacking of social, economic, and political participation......
                    physically and mentally handicapped ….for example, according
                    to the SCMP, one out of six Japanese is relatively poor…but it s
                    difficult to be observed, because they still have cars,…….

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Teacher Shares Knowledge Building Experience

  • 1. Teacher Background Name: Hidy Tse Hoi Ming Secondary School Science/Chemistry Teacher KB experience: • Year of joining ICP: Sept 2005 (Learning Community Projects for knowledge Building in Schools) • Teaching experience before joining ICP: 5 years • 1st KB workshop : 2004 • Year of starting KB approach : 2005-2006 • KBIP : 06-07,07-08, 08-09, 09-10 (Knowledge Building International Program (KBIP, Laferrierre and Law, 2010) )
  • 2. School Background School Name: Pui Kiu College (2005 – 2008) T & L strategy : Principal encouraged all teachers to adopt more student-centered inquiry-oriented approaches to teaching
  • 3. Number of note created by students
  • 4. Percent of note read by students
  • 6. Number of note revisions
  • 8. 2nd year 3rd year
  • 9. Average Number of Notes per Thread Average Depth of Discussion Thread 6 4 3.5 5 3 4 2.5 3 2 1.5 2 1 1 0.5 0 0 Year 2 Year 3 Year 2 Year 3
  • 10. Average Depth of Discussion Thread Average Number of Notes per Thread 7 4 6 3.5 3 5 2.5 4 2 3 1.5 2 1 1 0.5 0 0 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
  • 11. Year 1 – Energy KB Goal – KF as additional channel for students to learn some important scientific concepts in a more interesting way Year Level: Secondary 1 (mixed ability) Subject: Integrated Science Time Used: 2-3 weeks Topic: Energy transformation and energy conservation Topic context: • transformation of different forms of energy • Principle of Energy conservation
  • 12. Year 1 – Energy   Generate Inquiry Qs • Basically follow the topic sequence and activities in the textbook. Identify good Qs for Inquiry • End-of-Chapter questions are F2F or online discuss selected for the students to discuss on KF. Identify Good Discussion  End-of-Chapter questions = Good questions  Consolidation No need to identify good Qs for Inquiry
  • 13. Year 1 – Energy   Generate Inquiry Qs • Provide students with a lot of resources on the web, online Identify good Qs for Inquiry simulation of roller F2F or online coaster, experiments and books to discuss investigate this topic. Identify Good Discussion There was not much discussion in the classroom. Consolidation
  • 14. Year 2 – Energy KB Goal – To make the discussion more engaging Year Level: Secondary 1 (mixed ability) Subject: Integrated Science Time Used: 5-6 weeks Topic: If energy is conserved, why is there still an energy crisis? Topic context/ Conceptual Focus: • Energy, energy source/ fuel • Relationship between fuel & energy • Paradox of the Principle of Energy conservation & energy crisis.
  • 15. Year 2 – Energy  KB Draw the students’ attention to a paradox— talk if energy is conserved, why is there still an energy crisis? Generate Inquiry Qs Identify good • To elicit students’ concepts about Qs for Inquiry energy and energy source/ F2F or online discuss fuel, relationship between fuel & energy. Identify Good Discussion Consolidation
  • 16. Year 2 – Energy  KB Open exploration & sharing of ideas talk Generate Inquiry Qs Identify good • provide 2 seed questions for inquiry: Qs for Inquiry 1. What is energy? F2F or online discuss 2. What is energy crisis? Identify Good Discussion  Inquiry Qs are provided by T No need to identify good Qs for Inquiry Consolidation 
  • 17. Year 2 – Energy Open exploration & sharing of ideas Generate Inquiry Qs Identify good 1. Open exploration and sharing of ideas in Qs for Inquiry KF base on the seed questions given by the F2F or online teacher. discuss 2. Write learning diary (reflect on what has Identify Good Discussion been learned) in KF with the following scaffolds: Consolidation • The most important problem is • How do I solve this problem • I still need to explore
  • 18. Year 2 – Energy Draw the students’ attention to a paradox Generate Inquiry Qs Identify good • Provide another “seed question” for Qs for Inquiry inquiry: F2F or online discuss “If energy is conserved, why is there still Identify Good energy crisis?” Discussion Consolidation (The first 2 seed questions focus on the “what” in energy crisis, followed by a “why” question for drawing students’ attention to the paradox.)
  • 19. Year 2 – Energy Further discussion on thoughtful notes Generate Inquiry Qs Examples from students’ work Identify good • There is the principle of energy conservation in Physics. So Qs for Inquiry why is there now a shortage of energy in the world? [2007, Jan 09] F2F or online First, please do NOT be cheated by the term energy shortage... discuss Energy shortage just means shortage of petroleum and coal. It does NOT mean the TOTAL energy in ALL forms on earth is Identify Good Discussion decreasing. ……. However, human being rely too much on non-renewable energy like petroleum and coal. Once they are burnt into other form of Consolidation energy, we can NOT obtain them back in reversed way. ..…. they are non-renewable, …… Then eventually, ALL of them will be consumed in the future... This is known as energy crisis... ……. To conclude, the term energy crisis is just for our convenience. It has nothing to do with the physical law conservation of energy...
  • 20. Year 2 – Energy Further discussion on thoughtful notes Generate Inquiry Qs Examples from students’ work Identify good Qs for Inquiry • What is the difference between fuel and Energy? [2007, Jan 21] F2F or online discuss …. Fuel is a kind of substance that when it is burnt it Identify Good releases energy while energy has many different forms Discussion like kinetic, potential, … and it can be transferred from one form to another form. Consolidation
  • 21. Year 2 – Energy Further discussion on thoughtful notes Generate Inquiry Qs Examples from students’ work Identify good Qs for Inquiry • Fuel [2007, Jan 23] F2F or online discuss Fuel releases its energy either through chemical means, such as burning, or nuclear means, such as Identify Good nuclear fission or nuclear fusion. An important property Discussion of a useful fuel is that its energy can be stored and to be released only when needed, and that the release is Consolidation controlled … that the energy can be harnessed to produce work.
  • 22. Year 2 – Energy Further discussion – tackle problems of understanding Generate Inquiry Qs Identify good Qs for Inquiry •provide 2 questions for further discussion: F2F or online discuss 1. What are the differences, if any, between these 3 words: energy, fuel, and power? Identify Good Discussion 2. What is the difference between renewable Consolidation and non-renewable energy? Are both forms of energy conserved during energy transformations?
  • 23. Year 2 – Energy Solving the energy crisis by designing or developing something Generate Inquiry Qs 1. Designing artifacts (e.g. posters, songs, movie clips, animations, etc.) that would contribute to Identify good public education on energy crisis and energy Qs for Inquiry conservation. F2F or online discuss 2. Designing technology (an operable product or a Identify Good Discussion design plan) to help solve the energy crisis. Consolidation 3. Developing energy conservation policies/plans/proposals, with rationales for the government/ schools/ families/ individuals in HK to implement.
  • 24. Year 2 – Energy Examples of students’ work Generate Inquiry Qs 1. Designing artifacts some created a poster, a board game and Identify good Qs for Inquiry instructions to tell the children what energy crisis through playing. F2F or online discuss 2. Designing technology “Pumped storage reservoirs aren’t really a means of Identify Good Discussion generating electrical power. They’re a way of storing energy so that we can release it quickly when we Consolidation need it….” 3. Developing energy conservation proposals Some wrote plans/policies to the school & secretary for the Environment “… For example, installing motion sensors to turn off the lights in classrooms.”
  • 25. Year 3 – Wild space: Sustainability and water KB Goal – learning to learn— the ability to engage in inquiry-based learning Year Level: Secondary 1 (mixed ability) Subject: Integrated Science Time Used: 8 weeks Topic: Wild space: Sustainability and water Topic context/ Conceptual Focus: • concepts in two S1 science curriculum units (“water” and “living things”) by authentic inquiry • e.g. classification, cell & reproduction, using microscope, pollution, food web, green house effect, global
  • 26. Year 3 – Wild space Provide authentic scenario, generate questions, think from individual level to community level Generate Inquiry Qs Identify good Qs for Inquiry • Provide an authentic & stimulus learning environment (Field Studies) for students to F2F or online generate questions for inquiry discuss Identify Good Discussion • Generate questions  individual level Consolidation  group level  class level
  • 27. Year 3 – Wild space Provide authentic scenario, generate questions, think from individual level to community level Generate Inquiry Qs Identify good Qs for Inquiry • Provide an authentic & stimulus learning environment (Field Studies) for students to F2F or online generate questions for inquiry discuss Identify Good Discussion • Generate questions  individual level Consolidation  group level  class level
  • 28. Year 3 – Wild space Provide authentic scenario, generate questions, think from individual level to community level Generate Inquiry Qs Examples of Criteria for Good inquiry questions: Identify good Qs for Inquiry • “why” and “how” questions more than “what”, “who”, “where” and “when” (but not always F2F or online true, and usually has exception on “what/ what if” discuss questions.) Identify Good Discussion • Require explanatory typed answers • more than 1 answer Consolidation • generate more inquiry questions • use data, information or authoritative source to answer the question
  • 29. Year 3 – Wild space Provide authentic scenario, generate questions, think from individual level to community level Generate Inquiry Qs Examples of Good questions: Identify good Qs for Inquiry - How does the weather affect the creatures both in the water & land? F2F or online discuss - What can we do to stop polluting the Earth? How can we rescue them [animals] from extinction? Identify Good Discussion - Why there is a hole in [the ozone layer of the] atmosphere? Consolidation - How does the carbon dioxide cause animal extinction? - How do planktons give birth to their babies?
  • 30. Year 3 – Wild space Face-to-face discussion  Online discussion Generate Inquiry Qs 1. Post the good questions and data Identify good Qs for Inquiry collected from field trip in KF to extent discussion. F2F or online discuss 2. Discuss and work on perceived threats Identify Good to their sites. Discussion 3. Write weekly learning diary. Consolidation
  • 31. Year 3 – Wild space Group identification, presentation, further KB talk & online discussion Generate Examples of Criteria for Good Discussion: Inquiry Qs • In theoretical level rather than in opinion level Identify good Qs for Inquiry • Explain and illustrate the reasons of an idea / view • Use data, information and authoritative source to support a view F2F or online discuss • Can identify a general pattern from some phenomenon, observations, with explanatory reasons. Identify Good Discussion • Connect to prior knowledge/ ideas that have been discussed • Generate more inquiry questions Consolidation • Facilitate further discussion – more build on notes • Initiate further exploration/ testing of ideas in action (e.g. conducting experiment, interviews, survey, researches, etc.) • Create new levels of understanding for the community.
  • 32. Year 3 – Wild space Group identification, presentation, further KB talk & online discussion Examples of Good discussion notes: Generate Inquiry Qs Identify good • Student A: Carbon Dioxide is a kind of toxic gas. It Qs for Inquiry is created by the breath of animals (plants), and will be distilled by photosynthesis by plants. …… F2F or online discuss • Student B: I don't think carbon dioxide is a Identify Good Discussion poisonous gas because the trees will intake the carbon dioxide during the photosynthesis. Consolidation • Student C: …human being cannot breath pure oxygen, and air contains, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide...
  • 33. Year 3 – Wild space consolidation- summary notes, KB talk Generate Inquiry Qs 1. Group consolidation Identify good 2. Presentation Qs for Inquiry 3. Commentary F2F or online discuss 4. Refinement Identify Good Discussion 5. Post key inquiry questions in KF Consolidation 6. Categorization of big ideas/ views 7. Class online discussion
  • 34. Year 3 – Wild space Further discussion, KB talk , identification of Good discussion Generate Inquiry Qs Identify good Qs for Inquiry • Further discussion on the key inquiry F2F or online discuss questions & further identification of Good Discussion Identify Good Discussion Consolidation
  • 35. Year 3 – Wild space Further consolidation – KB talk , identification of Good question & discussion, summary note Generate Inquiry Qs Identify good Qs for Inquiry • Further consolidated discussion & knowledge F2F or online discuss • Formulate the big ideas & identify good Identify Good questions for International Collaboration Discussion Consolidation
  • 36. Year 4 – Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan KB Goal – acquire better reasoning skills by inquiry-based learning; & acquire better meta-cognitive skills by reflection Year Level: Primary 6 (mixed ability) Subject: General Studies Time Used: 8 weeks Topic: Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan Topic context/ Conceptual Focus: • Predator-prey, Interdependent, Food dependent, competitors, habitat, carrying capacity, population control, birth rate, death rate, dynamic equilibrium, invasive species, • Data interpretation skills, graphing skills, .e.g. population – time
  • 37. Year 4 – Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan authentic scenario, 1st round inquiry questions Generate Inquiry Qs • Provide authentic problem  generate of questions for inquiry Identify good Qs for Inquiry  open exploration and sharing of ideas F2F or online discuss “what is the problem? how does this problem arise? ” Identify Good Discussion • Stimulus for inquiry Consolidation • Resources & activities to support discussion on inquiry question
  • 38. Year 4 – Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan authentic scenario, 1st round inquiry questions Generate Inquiry Qs Examples of discussion that illustrate how the difference in strategy impact on quality of discourse Identify good • Video Clips – TV program Qs for Inquiry Student A: (I need to understand) How Global Warming F2F or online affect the animals habitats? Will it be some changes of discuss their habitats? How do the animals adapt the changes? Identify Good Discussion Student B: (My theory) The global warming heat their habitats so the creatures that live in cold places need Consolidation to migrate to other places. Student C: (I need to understand) How are the organism know that there are some colder places around them?
  • 39. Year 4 – Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan authentic scenario, 1st round inquiry questions Examples of discussion that illustrate how the difference Generate in strategy impact on quality of discourse Inquiry Qs • Simulation program – Worldmaker Identify good Qs for Inquiry Teacher: If the number of cows increase rapidly, what will happen to soil and grass? F2F or online discuss Student A: (Opinion) I think that if the number of cows increase rapidly, the grass would all be eaten, but the soil would be Identify Good more fertile, and, if the grass were all eaten, then some of Discussion the cows would died because of hunger. Consolidation Student B: (My theory) The grass and soil will die soon. But when the number of cows decrease, the grass would grow again. … Student C: Why the rabbits will die when we add some hares?
  • 40. Year 4 – Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan authentic scenario, 1st round inquiry questions Generate Inquiry Qs Examples of discussion that illustrate how the difference in strategy impact on quality of discourse Identify good • Simulation program – Worldmaker Qs for Inquiry Student D: (My theory) The plants and the bugs' relationship is F2F or online the predation. So if the prey's number drops, the predator's discuss number will drop too. (I need to understand) I saw the line of the plants is always Identify Good Discussion the one that drop first, then the frog will drop too, why? Consolidation
  • 41. Year 4 – Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan authentic scenario, 1st round inquiry questions Generate Inquiry Qs Example of KB talk – question/ comment / demonstration Identify good Qs for Inquiry Teacher: ….think about the consequence of eating bugs to the frogs. F2F or online If the no. of bugs gets fewer, how the frogs will be affected? discuss Difficult to find food Identify Good as a result, the frogs reproduce fewer but die more. Discussion Then, there will also be a net decrease in the frog population. Consolidation
  • 42. Year 4 – Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan authentic scenario, 1st round inquiry questions Examples of discussion that illustrate how the difference Generate Inquiry Qs in strategy impact on quality of discourse • Simulation program – Worldmaker / KB talk Identify good Qs for Inquiry Student D: (My theory) I think that frog population decline in hotter region and increase in cooler region is because of the F2F or online global warming. Frogs are adapted to their original habitat discuss temperature. When global warming arises, their original habitat temperature start to increase. When the frogs can't Identify Good Discussion adapt the new 'too hot' temperature, they'll have to migrate to cooler region. Therefore, frog population increases in cooler region when they think it's more suitable for them. Consolidation (New information) According to the game world, frogs go to regions with more food supply (bugs) which are cooler regions. Maybe this also impact the frog population.
  • 43. Year 4 – Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan authentic scenario, 1st round inquiry questions Examples of discussion that illustrate how the difference Generate Inquiry Qs in strategy impact on quality of discourse • Simulation program – Worldmaker / KB talk (Con’t) Identify good Qs for Inquiry Student D: ….However, WM opens up another thread of explanation. In the frog world, under the rules, we see that the frogs need not intentionally move from T1, T2 to T4. On F2F or online discuss the other hand, the temperature determines the growth rate of plants. it is set that at T4, the plant grows fastest. Then, it Identify Good leads to greater food supply to the bugs, and this makes the Discussion bug population at this region grows faster. In turn, this makes frogs at T4 have greater food supply and then they reproduce more, and therefore, the frog population Consolidation increases more at that region.
  • 44. Year 4 – Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan Consolidation & Reflection Generate Inquiry Qs Examples of Question Prompt Identify good Qs for Inquiry • Do you think that your discussion can help you to build knowledge? Or just repeating the opinions of other F2F or online people? discuss • Does the discussion in KF help you to have deeper/ or Identify Good change your understanding on some problems? Discussion • Read and select the best reflections from others. Why do you think they are the best? How do you choose? Consolidation How the reflections can be improved?
  • 45. Year 4 – Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan Consolidation & Reflection Examples of discussion that illustrate how the difference Generate Inquiry Qs in strategy impact on quality of discourse • Reflection – Learning Journal Identify good Qs for Inquiry Student A: (Most difficult to understand) I think that this week it was F2F or online discuss pretty hard to predict the increasing or decreasing number of cows. Identify Good (Most important problem/question) it was also interesting to Discussion predict how much cows can the ‘cow-land’ hold. I myself think that the ‘cow-land’ can hold that particular Consolidation number, then decrease at a surprising speed… (My next research question) What will we do if the cows really died out?
  • 46. Year 4 – Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan Consolidation & Reflection Examples of discussion that illustrate how the difference Generate Inquiry Qs in strategy impact on quality of discourse • Reflection – Learning Journal Identify good Qs for Inquiry Student B: (Most important idea) The most important idea is organism F2F or online discuss rely on each other to live. I understand this part, but what’s the reason? That’s my next research question. Identify Good (My next research question) Why organism have to interact? Discussion Why can’t they live as individuals? Consolidation
  • 47. Year 4 – Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan authentic scenario, 2nd round inquiry questions      Generate Inquiry Qs Examples of stimulus & resources • field studies & experiments (turbidity, pH, water Identify good Qs for Inquiry surface temperature, water temperature, microscope observation, etc.) F2F or online • seminars discuss • interviewing the experts, etc. Identify Good Discussion Consolidation
  • 48. Year 4 – Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan authentic scenario, 2nd round inquiry questions Examples of students’ discussion notes Generate Inquiry Qs Student A: Why does the temperature in the bottom of the Identify good Qs for Inquiry water higher than that of the water surface in the site? F2F or online discuss Student B: (I need to understand) the interaction between the environment and the organisms? … I discovered the Identify Good environment affect the organisms, and organisms affect Discussion the environment…..(my next research question) how do human beings impact the environments? Consolidation
  • 49. Year 4 – Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan Further discussion, KB talk, Identify Good Qn & Discussion, Reflection, Consolidation       Generate Inquiry Qs Examples of stimulus & resources • field studies Identify good Qs for Inquiry • experiments • seminars F2F or online discuss • interviewing the experts, etc. Identify Good Discussion Consolidation
  • 50. Year 4 – Warming and Revelation: Tai Mo Shan Further discussion, KB talk, Identify Good Qn & Discussion, Reflection, Consolidation       Generate Examples of students’ discussion notes Inquiry Qs Student A: (putting our knowledge together) after discussing this “foxes will increase because of sufficient Identify good Qs for Inquiry food. The rabbit will decrease because many foxes eat them. “ I found that most of us think the biggest impact to F2F or online discuss the environment is to put some hare in it. ….. When the numbers of fox increase to a “tipping” Identify Good point, food will decrease… we have done a virtual test, and Discussion we found that rabbit won’t die completely, therefore putting fox inside the environment is not the most Consolidation destructive. … But putting hares into the environment will cause a huge problem, because they are competitors and they need to fight for food, habitat and mates, the advantage of hare is that they are bigger in size, and they win the competition…..
  • 51. Year 5 – Children can change the world: Poverty KB Goal – transform individual ideas to community knowledge; Idea advancement by progressive understanding on KB principles Year Level: Primary 4 (mixed ability) Subject: General Studies Time Used: 2-3 weeks Topic: Children can change the world: Poverty Topic context/ Conceptual Focus: • Students advance their knowledge & understanding about poverty
  • 52. Year 5 – Children can change the world: Poverty Authentic scenario, generate & select inquiry good qn, Face-to-face discussion, categorization    Generate Inquiry Qs 1. Generate inquiry questions Identify good Qs for Inquiry 2. open exploration and sharing of ideas F2F or online 3. Select good questions discuss 4. Formulate initial views on the problem. Identify Good Discussion 5. Categorize of ideas/ views Consolidation
  • 53. Year 5 – Children can change the world: Poverty Authentic scenario, generate & select inquiry good qn, Face-to-face discussion, categorization    Generate Inquiry Qs Examples of inquiry questions Identify good Qs for Inquiry 1. What is poverty? 2. What are the factors causing poverty? Why? F2F or online discuss 3. How poverty affect the world? Identify Good 4. Poverty happens anywhere? Discussion 5. How to help the poor out of poverty? Consolidation
  • 54. Year 5 – Children can change the world: Poverty online discussion, identify good discussion, generate new qn, further discuss  Big paper Example of student discussion view in KF Generate Inquiry Qs Identify good Qs for Inquiry F2F or online discuss Identify Good Discussion Consolidation
  • 55. Year 5 – Children can change the world: Poverty identify good discussion, reflection, peer assessment Generate Inquiry Qs Example of KB principle-based criteria (KB Award Scheme) Identify good Qs for Inquiry Nominees should be able to promote idea progression and knowledge building through: F2F or online discuss • Actively and enthusiastically read notes written by others Identify Good • serious thinking, to put forward constructive and Discussion critical responses Consolidation • Proper use of inquiry questions, titles, scaffolds, keywords, references, anno tations and other functions in KF
  • 56. Year 5 – Children can change the world: Poverty identify good discussion, reflection, peer assessment Generate Inquiry Qs Example of KB principle-based criteria (KB Award Scheme) Identify good Be able to use the following KB principles to write Qs for Inquiry reflection journal: F2F or online • Use of authoritative sources discuss • Democratizing knowledge Identify Good (reference the ideas of other people /ideas Discussion constructed collectively) Consolidation • idea diversity (include multiple perspectives) • Improvable ideas (show how the ideas have been improved) • Review and reflect regularly (review, refine and write reflection journal regularly)
  • 57. Year 5 – Children can change the world: Poverty identify good discussion, reflection, peer assessment Example of reflection journal Generate Inquiry Qs Identify good Qs for Inquiry F2F or online discuss Identify Good Student A: ….. We are talking about how do the global Discussion warming affect the farmers and their products… … but why don’t we understanding what is global Consolidation warming first…… (New information) Global warming is a phenomenon….. too much exhausted carbon dioxide in atmosphere which makes the temperature of the planet rise....
  • 58. Year 5 – Children can change the world: Poverty identify good discussion, reflection, peer assessment Example of reflection journal (cont’t) Generate Inquiry Qs Identify good Qs for Inquiry F2F or online discuss Identify Good Student A: ….. (putting our knowledge together) Global Discussion warming affects the products of the farmers because their plants cannot survive in a higher temperature… Consolidation lower the production yield…..the price goes higher ….less competitive…. less people will buy .. Famers become poorer.... (my next question) how can we slow down global warming ……
  • 59. Year 5 – Children can change the world: Poverty group identification, categorization, presentation, group summary note Generate Example of students’ group summary note Inquiry Qs Identify good Qs for Inquiry F2F or online discuss Identify Good Student B: (what we discussed) … after a long period of time Discussion in pursuing collective inquiry, our views on “poverty problem” are as follows…… Consolidation Our understanding on this topic: 1. What is poverty (definition)…… (a) According to the world bank data & information, we understanding that poverty is… Lacking of the basic abilities for living…. E.g. no residence….
  • 60. Year 5 – Children can change the world: Poverty group identification, categorization, presentation, group summary note Example of students’ group summary note (con’t) Generate Inquiry Qs Identify good Qs for Inquiry F2F or online discuss Student B: ….the following are the new theories on the Identify Good definition of poverty that student x suggested… Discussion ….Cannot access to health benefits…..and no hope for future… In addition to the above points, Student M, N and O also Consolidation explained the “poverty problem”, they pointed out that…. …lacking of social, economic, and political participation...... physically and mentally handicapped ….for example, according to the SCMP, one out of six Japanese is relatively poor…but it s difficult to be observed, because they still have cars,…….

Editor's Notes

  1. TH had five years of teaching experience in schools when she joined LCP in September 2005.She was attracted to the use of a discussion forum, which she considered to be an additional channel for students to learn some important scientific concepts in a more interesting way when she attended a teacher workshop on KB in 2004. She started trying this out in 2005-06 when she changed to a new school whose principal encouraged all teachers to adopt more student-centered inquiry-oriented approaches to teaching. She experimented with KB implementation in her grade 7 science classes during each of those three years. In addition to working collaboratively with teachers in the local network, TH participated in the Knowledge Building International Program (KBIP, Laferrierre and Law, 2010) during the 06-07 and 07-08 school years.
  2. TH had five years of teaching experience in schools when she joined LCP in September 2005.She was attracted to the use of a discussion forum, which she considered to be an additional channel for students to learn some important scientific concepts in a more interesting way when she attended a teacher workshop on KB in 2004. She started trying this out in 2005-06 when she changed to a new school whose principal encouraged all teachers to adopt more student-centered inquiry-oriented approaches to teaching. She experimented with KB implementation in her grade 7 science classes during each of those three years. In addition to working collaboratively with teachers in the local network, TH participated in the Knowledge Building International Program (KBIP, Laferrierre and Law, 2010) during the 06-07 and 07-08 school years.
  3. She was attracted to the use of a discussion forum, which she considered to be an additional channel for students to learn some important scientific concepts in a more interesting way when she attended a teacher workshop on KB in 2004.
  4. Do not know much about knowledge building, only attended some seminars about KB.Believe that students could automatically discuss the questions, learn and understand more about the concepts when Discussion questions and KF platform are provided. She used theme park rides in Disneyland and Ocean Park as an anchor for the unit to make the targetedscientific concepts more interesting and accessible, as she explained in the interview:“I spent a lot more time [than normal] to prepare [for this unit], and found a lot of resources on the web. Ialso gave students a model roller coaster to investigate this topic. I didn’t really do this before, …… Thestudents found these to be interesting, ..…. There was not much discussion in the classroom.”
  5. Do not know much about knowledge building, only attended some seminars about KB.Believe that students could automatically discuss the questions, learn and understand more about the concepts when Discussion questions and KF platform are provided. She used theme park rides in Disneyland and Ocean Park as an anchor for the unit to make the targetedscientific concepts more interesting and accessible, as she explained in the interview:“I spent a lot more time [than normal] to prepare [for this unit], and found a lot of resources on the web. Ialso gave students a model roller coaster to investigate this topic. I didn’t really do this before, …… Thestudents found these to be interesting, ..…. There was not much discussion in the classroom.”Reason for continuation – attending a KB seminar, and students of other teachers (Teacher network) could successfully do it.
  6. She was attracted to the use of a discussion forum, which she considered to be an additional channel for students to learn some important scientific concepts in a more interesting way when she attended a teacher workshop on KB in 2004.
  7. Notes for Facilitations:Focused on designing and guiding the discussion, including the incorporation of the KB principles (Ss should demonstrate community knowledge, collective responsibility and democratizing knowledge. ) and use of the KF functions.Tentative schedule and dependent on the students’ progress.Not much guidance are given to students for writing reflection.
  8. Tackling problems of understanding through discussion (Class Level)
  9. Students’ field work:To exploreWhat lives in the areas (understanding of life cycle and growth of specific plants and animals)The relationship among plants, animals, humans and the environment.To prepare short description of the site with photographs ready to be shared.
  10. Students’ field work:To exploreWhat lives in the areas (understanding of life cycle and growth of specific plants and animals)The relationship among plants, animals, humans and the environment.To prepare short description of the site with photographs ready to be shared.
  11. Usually “why” and “how” questions more than “what”, “who”, “where” and “when” (but not always true, and usually has exception on “what/ what if” questions.)Usually facilitate explanatory typed answersUsually facilitate diversified ideas for exploration of the answer. (more than 1 answer)Usually facilitate generation of more inquiry answers under the umbrella of the seed/big inquiry question.Usually facilitate the use of data, information or authoritative source to answer the questionUsually facilitate collection of new information for further exploration.
  12. Some examples for Criteria of Good questions:Opened end questions rater than just factual questions or just asking for definition.Usually “why” and “how” questions more than “what”, “who”, “where” and “when” (but not always true, and usually has exception on “what/ what if” questions.)Usually facilitate explanatory typed answersUsually facilitate diversified ideas for exploration of the answer. (more than 1 answer)Usually facilitate generation of more inquiry answers under the umbrella of the seed/big inquiry question.Usually facilitate the use of data, information or authoritative source to answer the questionUsually facilitate collection of new information for further exploration.
  13. Examples for Good Discussion are:Usually in theoretical level rather than in opinion level, Usually includes explanation and illustration (reasons) of an idea / viewUsually includes the use information and authoritative source to support an idea / viewUsually could identify a general pattern from some phenomenon, observations, with explanatory reasons. Usually with connection of prior knowledge/ ideas have been discussedUsually facilitate generation of more inquiry questions for further discussion. under the umbrella of the seed/big inquiry question.Usually facilitate further discussion (a number of build on notes)Usually includes the use of data, information or authorization source for explanation/support an view.Usually facilitate further exploration/ testing of ideas in action (e.g. conducting experiment, interviews, survey, researches, etc.)Usually facilitate collection of new information for further exploration. Usually facilitate the creation of new knowledge or new levels of understanding.
  14. Re-iterations of “Identifying Good Discussion” & “Discussion” for idea improvement.
  15. Students could acquire better reasoning skills, e.g. they could learn and explain the interaction of predators, prey, competitors and food within an environment by inquiry-based learning.Students could acquire better meta-cognitive skills by reflecting on their own learning progress and understanding progressively. Students could learn the concepts of carrying capacity, maximum sustainable density, dynamic equilibrium, density dependent factors and independent factors, competitor, predator, prey, population control methods through studying an authentic problem (climate change) by inquiry-based learning.Students could acquire and learn some graphing skills and data interpretation skills, and they can describe and interpret the population – time graph.Carrying capacityInterdependentFood dependentPredator-prey
  16. (From individual level, to group level, and class level)
  17. (From individual level, to group level, and class level)
  18. (From individual level, to group level, and class level)
  19. (From individual level, to group level, and class level)
  20. (From individual level, to group level, and class level)
  21. 你的討論有幫助你建構新知嗎? (或只是重複又重複一些人的個人觀點??)KF 上有沒有真正幫助你的討論呢?KF 上的討論有沒有加深或改變自己對問題的認識?Read your classmates’ learning journals, and (1) select 3 learning journals that you think they are the best and (2) select another 3 learning journals that you think they can be improved.For the best 3 learning journals, write down (1)why you think they are the best? (hints: in terms of content, scaffolds, etc) (2) Did you read all the learning journals? how do you choose these learning journals?For the learning journals that you think they can be improved, state how they can be improved.
  22. (From individual level, to group level, and class level)
  23. (From individual level, to group level, and class level)
  24. Based on Ss’ inquiry questions, discussion in KF, their understanding and interest, provided stimulus resources to students for idea improvement, deeper understanding and discussion deepening. (including a pool of resources, e.g. field studies, experiments, seminars, interviewing the experts, etc.)
  25. Based on Ss’ inquiry questions, discussion in KF, their understanding and interest, provided stimulus resources to students for idea improvement, deeper understanding and discussion deepening. (including a pool of resources, e.g. field studies, experiments, seminars, interviewing the experts, etc.)
  26. Based on Ss’ inquiry questions, discussion in KF, their understanding and interest, provided stimulus resources to students for idea improvement, deeper understanding and discussion deepening. (including a pool of resources, e.g. field studies, experiments, seminars, interviewing the experts, etc.)
  27. Based on Ss’ inquiry questions, discussion in KF, their understanding and interest, provided stimulus resources to students for idea improvement, deeper understanding and discussion deepening. (including a pool of resources, e.g. field studies, experiments, seminars, interviewing the experts, etc.)
  28. The first one is Earthquake (For us to get use to the platform and learning procedures.)The 2nd one is Water problem (For us to learn how to formulate questions, building on each others to have deeper understand of the problem, and to learn how to use the scaffolds, etc.), The 3rd one is Poverty (For us to learn how to reference notes, rise-above and summarize the ideas, and improve our ideas, notes, etc)Students will be able to transform individual ideas to community knowledge.Students will be able to build on their understanding on knowledge building principles and advance their understanding progressively.Students advance their knowledge, understanding and theories about poverty through reflective assessment.Knowledge Building pedagogy focusing more on Rise-above ideas, Community knowledge, Constructive use of Authoritative Source and Reflective assessment
  29. Question(s) for student discussionWhat do poverty mean to you?What do you think are the major factors leading to poverty?Resources: trip to Yunnan province, student sharing, formulate questions, parent and teacher sharing, videos, online resources, etc. Provision of an authentic problem and a stimulus environment for students for to generate questions for inquiry, open exploration and sharing of ideas. Formulating an initial views on the problem studied & the inquiry questions formulated.Student select good questions for further inquiry.Students have f-2-f group discussion on the good inquiry questions that they generated, and categorize their main ideas.
  30. Question(s) for student discussionWhat do poverty mean to you?What do you think are the major factors leading to poverty?
  31. Examples of questions formulated and selected for further inquiry:What is poverty?What are the factors causing poverty? Why?How poverty affect the world?Poverty happens anywhere?How to help the poor people away from poverty?
  32. To guidess to formulate their own assessment criteria, and write reflection
  33. To guidess to formulate their own assessment criteria, and write reflection
  34. To guidess to formulate their own assessment criteria, and write reflection
  35. To guidess to formulate their own assessment criteria, and write reflection
  36. To guidess to formulate their own assessment criteria, and write reflection
  37. To guidess to formulate their own assessment criteria, and write reflection