Permonance appraisal

1. PERFOMANCE APPRAISAL & STRESS MANGEMENT
GROUP 3
1. RONALD SONGWA BSN-1-8171-3/2018
2. ANTONY NANDWA BSN-1-8169-3/2018
3. DENIS OUMA ODHIAMBO BSN-1-8239-2/2019
4. NEHEMIAH KIPTANUI BSN-1-8150-3/2018
5. GITHUCI JANE WAIRIMU BSN-1-8183-2/2017
6. MATHIAS LOMUTON BSN-1-8137-3/2018

2. OBJECTIVES
•Describe performance appraisal
•Describe objectives of performance appraisal
•Explain the process of performance appraisal
•Describe methods of performance appraisal
•Describe importance and disadvantages of
performance appraisal
•Discuss causes of stress and its management

3. PERFOMANCE
APPRAISAL • Systematic evaluation of job performance of
employees and their potential for further growth
and development.
• It’s a formal procedure used to evaluate the
contribution of members in an organization
• Performance is measured against job
knowledge, quality and quantity of output,
initiatives, leadership abilities, cooperation.
• Assessment is based on past performance.
(Thakur,2021)

4. OBJECTIVES OF PERFORMANCE
APPRAISAL
• Performance appraisal should be done with the following objectives in
mind:
a) To identify employees training needs
b) To identify strengths and weaknesses of each employee
c) To provide a feedback to employees regarding their performance and
related status.
d) To review and retain the promotional and other training programs
e) To offer an opportunity for organization diagnosis and development
f) To facilitate communication between employees and management.
(Thakur,2021)

5. METHODS OF PERFORMANCE
APPRAISAL
• Classified into two broad categories:
1. Traditional methods
2. Modern methods

6. METHODS OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL CONT.’
1. TRADITIONAL METHODS
They include the following:
a) Ranking method
It’s the oldest but simplest system of performance appraisal
Involves comparing employees with all others for the purpose of placing the order of worth hence
ranked from lowest to highest
b) Paired comparisons
In this method each employee is compared on one-on-one basis only
The rater has a bunch of slips each coining pair names where he puts a tick against the employees
whom he insiders the best of the two.
c) Grading method
Three categories of worth are use . They include outstanding, satisfactory and unsatisfactory .
Employee is then allocate the grade using certain categories of worth

7. METHODS OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL CONT.’
d) Forced choice method
• The rater is forced to answer ready made statements as given about the employees in terms of true
or false
• Once finished it is then transferred to the HR department for final assessment of the employee
e) Forced distribution method
• This method assumes that employees performance levels confirms to a normal statistical distribution
i.e. 10,20,40 & 10 percent
• It is useful for rating large numbers of employees on job performance and promo ability as tends to
reduce or eliminate bias.
f)Check-List method
• A series of statement i.e. questions with the answers ‘yes’ or ‘no’ are prepared by HR department
• The checklist is then used by rater to tick on appropriate answers relevant to the appraisal

8. METHODS OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL CONT.’
2. MODERN METHODS
a) Management by objectives (MBO)
• Concept of MBO involves superior and subordinate managers of an organizations jointly
identify its common goals, define each individuals area of responsibility and use these
measures as guides for operating the unit assessing and contribution of each members
b) Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales( BARS)
• BARS compares an individuals performance against specific examples of behavior that
are anchored to numerical ratings
c) Assessment Centers
• A central location where the managers may come together to participate in job related
exercises evaluated by trained observes
• Principle idea is to evaluate managers over a period of time by observing later
evaluating their behavior.

9. PROCESS OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL

10. IMPORTANCE OF
PERFORMANCE
APPRAISAL • It serves as a motivation tool to employees
• Enhances communication between employees
and the organization
• A way of telling employees about their
performance and suggesting needed changes.
• Performance are crucial for retaining
employees
• Provide systematic judgement to back up
salary increase, promotions & demotions
(Thakur,2021)

11. DISADVANTAGES OF
PERFORMANCE
APPRAISAL • Rater biasness- May be based on sex, race etc.
• Sampling error- the rater may use a small sample
to represent the whole
• Contrast error- rating employees without taking
account into performance
• Leniency or severity- rater maybe to too lenient or
too severe
• Generalization tendency error- rating everyone
equally or same
(Chand,2014)

12. • Stress is the mental, physical and
psychological response of the body
to pressure
• Stress management refers to a
variety of techniques and
psychotherapies aimed at reducing
or eliminating a person's stress
levels, particularly chronic stress,
with the goal of improving daily
functioning
(Miguel,2017)

13. TYPES OF
STRESS
1. DISTRESS
• Stress due to an excess of adaptive demands
placed upon us.
• The demands are strong until they lead to bodily
and mental damage. Example death of loved one
2. EUSTRESS
• The optimal amount of stress which helps to
promote health and growth. Example praise from a
superior for hard working.

14. TYPES OF STRESSORS
1. PHYSIOLOGIC STRESSORS
a) Chemical agents- hormonal fluctuations
b) Physical agents- illness, nutrition
c) Infectious agents
d) Genetics
2. PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESSORS
a) Stressful experiences in families e.g. divorce, conflicts
b) fear of aggression or mutilation from other e.g. rape.
Terrorist
c) Loss of job
d) Increase in financial obligations

15. TYPES OF STRESSORS CONT’
3. DEVELOPMENTAL STRESSORS
• Occurs at predictable times throughout an individuals life e.g. child beginning of school
4. SITUATIONAL STRESSORS
• They are unpredictable and occur any time during life
• It may be positive or negative
• Examples include divorce, death
(Miguel,2017)

16. SOURCES OF STRESS
1. Internal stressors
• They originate within the person
e.g. feeling of depression
2. External stressors
• Originates outside the individual
e.g. moving to another city

18. STRESS MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES
1. Getting a hobby
• A hobby is a regular activity that is done for pleasure, usually in one's spare time. They include
watching, playing sports, creative artistic works among others. Hobbies help to divert attention
from the stressor. A list of hobbies evolves throughout time as new interests and fads emerge,
making it diversified and lengthy
2. Meditation
• Meditation is a method of training attention and awareness and achieving a cognitively clear,
emotionally peace and stable state through a technique of focusing mind on specific activity,
object or activity. Studies show that meditation reduces stress, anxiety, sadness, and pain as
well as improve peace, perception, self-concept, and overall well-being.
3. Physical activities
• Physiological action that improves or maintains physical fitness, as well as general health and
wellness, is referred to as exercise. Many people prefer to exercise outside since it allows them
to interact, congregate in groups, and improve their physical and mental health.

19. STRESS MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES CONT’
4. Social activity
• Social activities entail interpersonal relationship. Are basically social connections, affiliations, or
associations between two or more people. Creating a good interpersonal relationship amongst
people, stress is reduced as daily activities can take place fairly without fears.
5. Conflict resolution
• conflict resolution involves seeking peace and reconciliation. Committed group members try to
settle group problems by actively sharing information to the rest of the group about their
opposing motives or ideologies. Peaceful situations help to reduce stress.
6. Deep breathing exercises
• Breathing in a slow, controlled way can help your body handle stress better. At the same time,
you can focus your mind on your breathing, which reduces your attention on the stressors

20. STRESS MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES CONT’
7. Stress journal
• Start a journal where you record your thoughts about stress and stress management,
both in general terms and in terms of your own stressors.
8. Mindfulness
• Mindfulness means being aware of your environment as well as your actions within it.
Try focusing on the sights, sounds, sensations, aromas, and tastes present with you in
this moment. This keeps you present in the here-and-now as you allow your worries
about the future and regrets about the past to fade.

21. REFERENCES
Chand, S. (2014, April 2). Advantages and disadvantages of performance appraisal of
employees. Your Article Library. Retrieved October 17, 2021, from
https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/human-resource-development/advantages-
and-disadvantages-of-performance-appraisal-of-employees/32370
Miguel, M. (2017, December 5). What are some common techniques for stress management? |
BetterHelp. Better Help. Retrieved October 17, 2021, from
https://www.betterhelp.com/advice/stress/what-are-some-common-techniques-
for-stress-
management/?utm_source=AdWords&utm_medium=Search_PPC_c&utm_term=_b
&utm_content=118051370367&network=g&placement=&target=&matchtype=b&ut
m_campaign=11771068538&ad_type=text&adposition=&gclid=CjwKCAjwk6-
LBhBZEiwAOUUDpwZhpYpy_I30y31hiHZw-
ww3dIZj0vGQ0JyJLAKIeEded8tCd7ZjOhoCE0cQAvD_BwE
Thakur, L. (2021, May 20). Performance appraisal - meaning, objectives and advantages.
Management Study Guide. Retrieved October 17, 2021, from
https://www.managementstudyguide.com/performance-appraisal.htm