WP004 Trees in Hulu Tabalong , J Payne, Jun 01(E)

SOUTH and CENTRAL KALIMANTAN PRODUCTION FOREST PROJECT
Jalan A. Yani, No. 37 (km35), Banjarbaru 70711, Indonesia
Tel. (62) 0511 781 975 – 979, Fax: (62) 0511 781 613
EUROPEAN COMMISSION – INDONESIA FOREST PROGRAMME
Trees in Hulu Tabalong :
Recommended local names & field
key to genera of non-dipterocarps
Working Paper No. 4
June 2001

Trees in Hulu Tabalong : Recommended local names & field key to genera of non-dipterocarps
Working Paper No. 4 - June 2001
i
PREFACE
The South and Central Kalimantan Production Forest Project (SCKPFP) is a
technical co-operation project jointly funded, in terms of the financing
memorandum ALA/95/18, by the European Commission and by the Government
of the Republic of Indonesia through the Ministry of Forestry and Estate Crops
(MoFEC).
This report has been completed in accordance with the project Phase I Overall
Work Plan (OWP) and
in part fulfilment of Activities 5.2.4 “To conduct training of trainers”,
and 6.2.4 “To provide environmental awareness and management training”,
to achieve Results 5 “Management capacity to implement and sustain the
requirements of the SFM model strengthened in the project pilot concessions and
the provincial public sector institutions”,
and Result 6 “The forest ecosystem and associated ecosystems within the project
sites managed to maintain viability and diversity”,
to realise the three-year project Phase I purpose, which is “SFM model developed
that incorporates the ITTO guidelines and principles developed and implemented in
the forestry operation of Aya Yayang and a central Kalimantan pilot concession.”
This report has been prepared with financial assistance from the Commission of the
European Communities. The opinions, views and recommendations expressed are
those of the author(s) and in no way reflect the official opinion of the Commission.
The report has been prepared by:
• Dr. Junaidi Payne
The report is acknowledged and approved for circulation by the Project Co-
Directors when duly signed below.
Banjarbaru, June 2001
Dr. John Tew
International Co-Director
Dr. Silver Hutabarat
National Co-Director

ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thanks go to AYI field staff Dody S., Emis, Harianto A., Haryanto B, Istiana,
Itung, Mashadi, M.Arsyad, Ranto, Regenata, Rolianto, Rusdianoor, Sabtono,
Sugito, Supiani, Wahyudianto, Wahyudinoor and Yendo for their hard work in
establishing the 24 “forest, soil and ecology survey” plots (October 1999 to July
2000) and in providing a rich array of local names for trees. Other AYI staff
including Ade Hidayat, Hattanudin, Midhan and Rahman Papi accompanied on
field work that contributed towards preparation of the tree name list. Special thanks
go to Wahyudinoor and Yendo for their constant dedication over a period of nearly
two years.
Pak Mari (Dayak Lawangan), Pak Asianto (Dayak Manyan) and Pak Abdulah
(Banjar) contributed more local names during surveys in July 2000.
David Boden, SCKPFP soil and forest classification specialist, contributed not only
much effort in establishing the plots, but also support during difficult camping
trips, as well as exhaustive discussion on tree naming.
Dr Kade Sidiyasa and Zainal Ariffin (Wanariset Samboja herbarium, East
Kalimantan) and Dr Paul Kessler (Leiden & Wanariset Samboja herbaria) provided
crucial advice on both scientific and local naming of trees in the AYI forest, in
February and July 2000 and February-March 2001.
Dr. Kade Sidiyasa prepared the field key especially for identification of the non-
dipterocarp genera of trees which occur in upper Tabalong.
Mr. Herman Wiyono, Pak Suwasis and Pak Sujarno (Barito Pacific mill,
Bajarmasin) kindly discussed timber names used in the mill.
Front cover : a putat (Planchonia species) tree in the AYI Arboretum.

iii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Correct identification of trees is of practical use in production forest management
for various reasons, including for purposes of estimating timber production,
contributing to optimum use of wood, and maximising prices obtained.
When recording forest inventory or plot data, use of “local” names for trees is
normally more practical than use of scientific or timber trade names. However,
local names typically involve much confusion and inconsistency.
This report provides a list of tree names recommended for use in forest inventory in
the upper Tabalong area, South Kalimantan, including the AYI production forest
concession area.
The names recommended derive from extensive field work and numerous
discussions during the period October 1999 – March 2001, involving AYI staff,
residents of upper Tabalong and experienced botanists.
Not all the names recommended were endorsed by all those people consulted.
However, the goals of accuracy and consistency require that some commonly-used
names be abandoned and some new names be introduced.
It is recommended that the names presented in Appendix 1 of this report be used in
all future AYI inventory and research work.
The report also includes a key for identification, in the field, of the scientific genera
of non-dipterocarp trees in upper Tabalong.

iv
RINGKASAN (INDONESIAN SUMMARY)
Pengidentifikasian pohon dengan nama yang tepat adalah sangat bermanfaat dalam
pengelolaan hutan produksi karena beberapa alasan, termasuk untuk mempridiksi
produksi kayu, kontribusi pengunaan kayu yang optimum, dan memaksimalkan
harga yang diperoleh.
Pada saat melakukan inventarisasi hutan atau data plot, penggunaan nama-nama
“lokal” untuk pohon biasanya lebih mudah digunakan dibandingkan menggunakan
nama ilmiah atau nama perdagangan kayu. Akan tetapi, penggunaan nama-nama
lokal lebih sering membingungkan dan tidak konsisten.
Laporan ini menyediakan satu daftar nama-nama pohon yang direkomendasikan
untuk digunakan dalam kegiatan inventarisasi hutan di daerah hulu Tabalong,
Kalimantan Selatan, termasuk di daerah HPH PT AYI.
Nama-nama yang direkomendasikan diperoleh dari kegiatan lapangan yang
ekstensif dan diskusi-diskusi yang dilakukan selama periode Oktober 1999–Maret
2001, melibatkan staff AYI, penduduk di hulu Tabalong dan pengalaman para
botanis.
Tidak semua nama-nama lokal yang digunakan telah disetujui oleh mereka yang
telah dihubungi. Namun, sasaran dari keakuratan dan konsistensi menuntut
ditinggalkannya nama-nama yang umum digunakan dan memperkenalkan nama-
nama yang baru.
Disarankan agar nama-nama yang ditampilkan pada Lampiran 1 laporan ini dapat
digunakan dalam kegiatan inventarisasi dan penelitian di AYI.
Suatu kunci identifikasi lapangan untuk jenis pohon-pohon non-dipterocarp di hulu
Tabalong juga terlingkup dalam laporan ini.

v
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
AYI PT Aya Yayang Indonesia (project forest concession partner)
HPH Production Forest Concession (Hak Pengusahaan Hutan)

vi
Table of Contents
PREFACE… ............................................................................................................................................................................i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................................................................ii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................................iii
RINGKASAN (Indonesian Summary).................................................................................................................................iv
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS...............................................................................................................................v
1 Background.......................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 The value of accurate and consistent naming of trees........................................................................................1
1.2 The meaning of “accurate and consistent” in naming trees................................................................................1
1.3 Tree identification key .......................................................................................................................................1
1.4 Objective of this report.......................................................................................................................................2
2 Methods.............................................................................................................................................................3
3 Result.................................................................................................................................................................4
4 Conclusion.........................................................................................................................................................5
5 References.........................................................................................................................................................6
List of Appendices
Appendix 1 Recommended tree names for forest inventory in upper Tabalong......................................................................7
Appendix 2 Additional local names for trees in upper Tabalong ..........................................................................................14
Appendix 3 Scientific field key to genera of non-dipterocarp trees in upper Tabalong ........................................................18

1
1 Background
1.1 The value of accurate and consistent naming of trees
The use of accurate and consistent naming of trees in production forest
management is beneficial for the following reasons :
- To make “permanent sample plot” data useful for estimation of wood growth
and yield
- To help obtain a reliable estimate of timber production potential in a forest
concession or proposed felling block
- To contribute towards achieving optimum use of, and maximum prices for,
harvested timber
- To contribute information that may be required to identify sites important for
conservation of rare species within a production forest area, and as part of the
process of achieving certification of sustainable forest management.
1.2 The meaning of “accurate and consistent” in naming trees
When making an inventory or plot of trees in Kalimantan forests, there are three
main systems by which names can be assigned to trees. One alternative is to use
scientific names. The advantage is that the names will be useful worldwide.
However, use of scientific names requires many years of rigorous training and
experience, and is not especially useful for trade purposes. A second alternative
might be to use trade names. However, not all trade names can be readily
transferred for use in Kalimantan forests where there is a great variety of species.
There may be one trade name for many species, and more than one trade name for
one species. The third option is to use local names. This is the option used in most
production forest concessions, including AYI. The problem here is that there is no
precise “local name” for any one tree. In AYI, “local names” that are used reflect
the experience of the person assigning the name. For example, Javanese staff tend
to use national and Javanese names with some Dayak and Banjar names. Local
Dayaks tend to use local Dayak names with some Javanese and Banjar names.
People who have attended university or short courses may use names that they
have learned at university or on courses. Many trees in Kalimantan forests,
especially those that are rare or have no economic use, have no local name. In such
cases, or where the identifier does not know the identity of a particular tree, the
best name to use is “unknown”. Typically, however, inventory teams assign a
“local” name to every tree. The results are that (a) some trees are named wrongly
and (b) there is inconsistency in naming (for example, one species may be given a
national name by one person and a Dayak name by another).
1.3 Tree identification key
It has been recommended by the SCKPFP short term Growth & Yield specialist
(unpublished Consultant’s aide-memoire, 8/11/2000 to 5/12/2000) that tree

2
identification in the AYI area be based on a key to be formulated by a botanist,
based on bark characteristics.
1.4 Objective of this report
The objective of this report is to provide a list of names recommended for use in
the upper Tabalong area by AYI in forest inventory work, to support the goals of
accuracy and consistency.

3
2 Methods
The list of local names recommended in this report for use by AYI was compiled
by the SCKPFP Ecologist, based on the following :
(a) Experience gained during the establishment of 24 “forest, soil and ecology
survey” plots in the AYI forest between October 1999 – July 2000, with field staff
of AYI.
(b) Discussions involving AYI field staff and experts from the Wanariset Samboja
herbarium, East Kalimantan and Leiden Herbarium (Netherlands), in the AYI
forest, February 2000 (Dr Paul Kessler and Zainal Ariffin), July 2000 (Dr Kade
Sidiyasa and Zainal Ariffin) and February-March 2001 (Dr Kade Sidiyasa and
Zainal Ariffin).
© Discussions with SCKPFP short-term specialists in soil and forest classification
(David Boden) and growth and yield analyst (R B de Kock), and the report of
Boden (2001).
(d) The timber name list of Barito pacific mill and discussion held with mill staff.
The unpublished tree name list of Hildebrand (1949) was also consulted.
The choice of recommended names is ultimately based on a combination of (a)
retaining close similarity where possible with the array of names used already by
field staff in AYI, (b) similarity with names used by the Barito Pacific mill, (c)
selection of one name where previously more than one name has been used for one
type of tree, (d) introduction of a name for trees which have commercial potential
but for which no name or inconsistent naming was used previously in AYI, (e) use
of one name for several similar trees if this will avoid further confusion, and (f) use
of a national or international name where the current local AYI name is not used
elsewhere.
The key for scientific genus names was compiled by Dr. Kade Sidiyasa based on
his field work in the AYI forest area in 2000 and 2001.

4
3 Result
See Appendices 1, 2 and 3.

5
4 Conclusion
It is proposed that tree names in APPENDIX 1 should be used for all inventory,
cruising and permanent sample plot work in the AYI production forest.
If a tree cannot be recognized by cruising teams, it is better to write “unknown”,
and not to guess.
Tree names recommended in APPENDIX 2 may be used by AYI staff if they are
able to learn these names and recognise the trees.
The field key to tree genera which occur in the upper Tabalong area (APPENDIX
3) provides an objective basis for identification where a more rigorous approach is
required (for example, checking identity of specific trees in permanent sample plots
or further training of research staff).

6
5 References
Boden, D I (2001) Site and forest classification studies in tropical rain forest in
South Kalimantan. Unpublished SCKPFP consultant’s report.
Hildebrand, F H (1949) Daftar Nama Pohon-pohonan Banjarmasin – Hulu Sungai
(Kalimantan Tenggara). Unpublished report, Balai Penyelidikan
Kehutanan, Bogor.

7
Appendix 1
Recommended tree names for forest inventory
in upper Tabalong

8
Status (S)
C trees which are cut in the AYI forest concession area for Commercial / industrial use
P trees which are Protected (by law or informally) or which merit Protective status
I trees which are little-known, and require further Investigation, but may have commercial potential
O Other trees which are widespread and easy to recognise but do not fall into categories C, P or I.
Proposed local
name for upper
Tabalong
S Scientific name(s)
1. Trade name(s)
2. Other names
3. Notes
AGATHIS
C Agathis species
1. AGATHIS
2. DAMAR, MEMPIRING
3. Not certain to occur in PTAYI area
ARTOCARPUS
C Artocarpus species (excluding A.
anisophyllus)
1a. TERAP (Artocarpus elasticus,
A.tamaran, A. teysmannii, A.
kemando, A. nitidus) or 1b.
KELEDANG (A. dadah, A.
lanceifolius, A. rigidus )
2. BINTURONG, KUDU, PUAN,
PUDU, PUPUAN, PUYAN,
TAMARAN, TAMPANG, TARAP
3. TERAP tends to be light weight with
pale yellow wood, rather easy to
saw/peel; while KELEDANG tends
to be medium weight with orange
tinge and rather difficult to saw/peel.
BALAU
C All Shorea species in the dense
hardwood group other than S.
seminis (Tengkawang Batu) and S.
laevis (Bangkirai) and excluding all
Meranti species
1. BALAU, BANGKIRAI SELANGAN
BATU
2. “ “ “
3. Balau is much rarer in PTAYI than in
hill dipterocarp forest in East
Kalimantan, Sabah and Sarawak.
Balau timber is considered by
industry to be same as Bangkirai
BANGKIRAI
C Shorea laevis
1. BALAU, BANGKIRAI, SELANGAN
BATU
2. ANGIH, BENUAS, JENGAN,
JENGAWAN
3. The only fairly common
medium/heavy Shorea species in
PTAYI. Timber considered by
industry to be same as Balau and
Selangan Batu.
BANITAN
C Species of the family Annonaceae
that have no other well-known local
name, mainly in the genera
Mezzettia, Monocarpia, Polyalthia
and Xylopia
1. PISANG PISANG, MEMPISANG
2. MALEWE
3. Banitan is common in PTAYI but few
trees reach commercial size. Three
Banitan may be distinguished to
species level in the forest.
BANITAN
JANGKANG
O Xylopia stenopetala, X. ferruginea
1. PISANG PISANG, MEMPISANG
2. PUTANG

9
Proposed local
name for upper
Tabalong
1. Trade name(s)
2. Other names
3. Notes
BAYUR
C Pterospermum species
1. BAYUR
3. Large trees rare in PTAYI
BANGKAL
O Nauclea species & Neonauclea
species
1. BANGKAL
2. BENGKAL
3. Generally pioneer trees, rather small
BINTANGUR
C Calophyllum species
1. BINTANGOR
2. AMI WUNUT, KUBIN
BINTAWA
C Artocarpus anisophyllus
1. KELEDANG
2. MENTAWA
BINUANG
C Octomeles sumatrana
1. BINUANG
2. BINUANG BINI
3. Pioneer species, reaching commercial
size after about 20 years.
BIWAN
O Endertia spectabilis
3. Locally abundant in PTAYI, endemic
to part of Kalimantan
CEMPAKA
HUTAN
C Elmerrillia tsiampacca
1. CEMPAKA HUTAN, WAU BEECH
3. Rare in PTAYI, large trees mainly
near streams.
DUABANGA
C Duabanga moluccana
1. DUABANGA
2. BINUANG LAKI
3. Roadside pioneer species in PTAYI
DUNGUN
C Heriteria species
1. DUNGUN, MENGKULANG
2. No local name in PTAYI
3. Large trees rare and scattered, but
locally common on Missim limestone,
a “protection” area.
DURIAN
P Durio species
1. DURIAN
2. (See List 2 for individual species
names)
3. Important wild fruit trees.
GERONGGANG
C Cratoxylum arborescens, C.
glaucum & C. sumatranum
1. GERONGGANG, DERUM
2. IRAT, NIPA, MAMPAT
3. Light / medium hardwood
JABON
C Anthocephalus chinensis (also
known as Neolamarkia cadamba)
1. KADAM
2. BUNTO, KELEMPAYAN,
MELAMPAYON
3. Pioneer species locally common in
PTAYI and reaching commercial size
after about 20 years.
JELUTUNG
P Dyera costulata
1. PANTUNG
3. Rare and localised in PTAYI
KAPUR
C Dryobalanops lanceolata
1. KAPUR
2. SINTOK
3. Only D. lanceolata recorded in
PTAYI
KAYU ARANG
P Diospyros species
1. EBONY
2. ARENG, MAHIRANGAN
3. Some of several species in PTAYI
may produce streaked or black ebony,

10
Proposed local
name for upper
Tabalong
1. Trade name(s)
2. Other names
3. Notes
but large trees are rare. Liable to over-
exploitation if felling permitted.
KAYU BAWANG
C Scorodocarpus borneensis
1. KULIM
3. Patchy distribution in PTAYI; large
trees rare.
KEMBANG
SEMANGKOK
C Scaphium species
1. KEMBANG SEMANGKOK
3. Only S. macropodum recorded in
PTAYI; large trees rare.
KEMPAS
C Koompassia malaccensis
1. KEMPAS
3. Rare in PTAYI
KENARI
C Canarium species
1. KEKAS, KELADAN
2. GAGALA (Only C. decumanum and
C. pseudodecumanum)
3. Several species in PTAYI. Only large
trees of some species are commercial
KERANJI
C Dialium species
1. KERANJI
2. JA’AN, KURANJI
KERUING
C Dipterocarpus species
1. KERUING
KETAPANG
GUNUNG
C Terminalia species
1. KETEPANG
3. Rare
KETINJAK
C Pentace species
3. Large trees rare
LAJA
O All trees in the family Fagaceae,
including Castanopsis, Lithocarpus
& Quercus species
1. BERANGAN, MEMPENING
2. KUMPAT, PASANG, TAMBUR,
PANING-PANING
3. Quite common in PTAYI but rarely
reaching commercial size.
MAHANG
O Macaranga species
1. MAHANG
3. At least 9 species in PTAYI, mainly
pioneers
MAHANG
BONGKUONG
O Macaranga gigantea
1. MAHANG
3. Common in PTAYI area
MAHANG
KAPUR
I Macaranga hypoleuca
1. MAHANG
3. Common in PTAYI area; trees over
20 years old may exceed 50 cm DBH
MAHANG TAWI
O Macaranga conifera
1. KERULAI
3. Common in PTAYI area
MANGGA
HUTAN
P Mangifera species
1. MACHANG, MANGOWOOD
2. For certain species only : ASAM,
BEMBEM, MACANG, PAYANG
3. Important wild fruit trees. Already
considered “protected” in PTAYI, but
legal basis unclear.
MANGGERIS
P Koompassia excelsa
1. TUALANG
2. BANGGERIS, KAYU RAJA, KUSI,
PUSI, TAPANG
3. Already considered “protected” in
PTAYI as a honey bee nest site, but
legal basis unclear.

11
Proposed local
name for upper
Tabalong
1. Trade name(s)
2. Other names
3. Notes
MATOA
C Pometia pinnata
1. KASAI
2. ANGLAI
3. Rare, scattered and often poor form in
PTAYI
MEDANG
C Lauraceae including the genera
Actinodaphne, Alseodaphne,
Beilschmiedia, Cryptocarya,
Dehaasia, Endiandra, Litsea,
Notaphoebe
1. MEDANG
2. SULAMPATI
3. Scattered large trees often
misidentified as “meranti” in PTAYI,
but wood is inferior. Some species
never reach commercial size.
MENDARAHAN
I Myristicaceae including the genera
Gymnacanthera, Horsfieldia,
Knema and Myrsitica
1. PENARAHAN
2. DARAYA, KALUMPANG
3. Quite common in PTAYI but most
species rarely reach commercial size.
MERANTI
C All Shorea species except Balau,
Bangkirai and Tengkawang
1. MERANTI
2. For certain unidentified species in
PTAYI : BEROMBONG,
KARAMBUKU, NYAMBIS,
PUTANG SULIT
3. Normally, Meranti is specified as red
or yellow or white, unless the
identifier is uncertain.
MERANTI
KUNING
C Shorea species in the yellow
meranti group including S.
mujongensis and S. cf. patoiensis
1. MERANTI KUNING
2. NYAMIT
MERANTI
MERAH
C Shorea species in the red meranti
group including : (a) Light red
meranti S. johorensis, S. leprosula,
S. ovalis, S. parvifolia, S.
parvistipulata &, S. smithiana and
(b) Dark red meranti S. pauciflora
1. MERANTI MERAH
2. LANAN, BANGKOLON (= S.
johorensis)
3. The most common and widespread
meranti group in PTAYI. All species
identified to date except S. pauciflora
are “light red meranti”
MERANTI PUTIH
C Shorea species in the white meranti
group including S. lamellata
1. MERANTI PUTIH
3. Rare in PTAYI
MERAWAN
C Hopea species including
H.dryobalanoides, H. mengerawan,
H. rudiformis
1. MERAWAN
2. MATA KUCHING, CANGAL
3. Patchy distribution in PTAYI
MERSAWA
C Anisoptera species including S.
costata and S. marginata
1. MERSAWA
3. Rare in PTAYI
NYATOH
C Sapotaceae including the genera
Madhuca, Palaquium and Payena
1. NYATOH
2. NATO
3. At least 10 species in PTAYI, but
some rarely reach 50 cm DBH
PAUH KIJANG
C Irvingia malayana
3. Scattered large trees in PTAYI
PELAWAN
I Tristaniopsis species
1. PELAWAN
3. Tristaniopsis whiteana, a roadside

12
Proposed local
name for upper
Tabalong
1. Trade name(s)
2. Other names
3. Notes
coloniser in PTAYI, rarely reaching
50 cm DBH
PERUPUK
C Lophopetalum species
1. PERUPOK
3. Rare in PTAYI. The closely related
genus Kokoona is also rare in PTAYI.
PITANAK
P Dracontomelum costatum
1. DAO
2. SENGKUANG
3. Mainly in valleys and river sides in
PTAYI, which are often “protection”
areas.
PULAI
C Alstonia species
1. PULAI
2. PULANTAN
PUTAT
C Planchonia species
1. PUTAT
RAMIN BUKIT
C Gonystylus species
1. RAMIN
2. GAHARU, ANAHAN
3. Rare and scattered in PTAYI
RANGGU
C Koordersiodendron pinnatum
1. RANGGU
2. SIULI, SIURI, GAGALA, KAYU
BUGIS
RENGAS
C Some genera of the family
Anacardiaceae, usually Gluta and
Melanochyla, possibly also
Semecarpus
1. RENGAS
2. SUMPUNG
3. Red and black streaked heartwood
used for furniture. Has irritant sap.
RESAK
C Vatica species
1. RESAK
3. Rarely large in PTAYI
SENGKUANG
P Dracontomelum dao
1. DAO
2. SENGKUANG
3. Mainly in valleys and river sides in
PTAYI, which are often “protection”
areas.
SESENDOK
C Endospermum species
1. SESENDOK
2. MATA UDANG
3. Rarely large in PTAYI
SIMPUR
I Dillenia species
1. SIMPOH
2. TEMPORAU, TENGKURAU
3. Mainly Dillenia reticulata /
grandifolia in roadside secondary
growth
SINDUR
C Sindora species
1. SEPETIR
2. MERIJANG
3. Currently regarded as “fancy wood”
in PTAYI.
STERCULIA
I Sterculia species
1. STERCULIA
2. KELUMPANG
SUNGKAI
C Peronema canescens
1. SUNGKAI
TAPOS
O Elateriospermum tapos
1. TAPUS
2. WAYAN
3. Locally common, but poor form may

13
Proposed local
name for upper
Tabalong
1. Trade name(s)
2. Other names
3. Notes
limit commercial use.
TENGKAWANG
P Shorea species (certain species of
the red meranti group with large
leaves and large seeds)
1. TENGKAWANG
3. Under Government Regulation No. 7
of 1999, Tengkawang are “protected
species”. Only S. pinanga recorded in
PTAYI to date.
TENGKAWANG
BATU
P Shorea seminis
1. BALAU, SELANGAN BATU
2. “ “ “
3. Of the medium & heavy Shorea
group, only S. seminis has been
recorded to date in PTAYI. Under
Government Regulation No. 7 of
1999, S. seminis is regarded as
“Tengkawang” and a “protected
species”.
TERENTANG
C Campnospermum auriculatum
1. TERENTANG
2. TAPAU
3. Pioneer in logged forest in PTAYI
ULIN
P Eusideroxylon zwageri
1. ULIN
2. TAWO’DIEN
3. Threatened by uncontrolled over-
cutting.
WUNGAN
C Maranthes corymbosa
1. KOLAKA

14
Appendix 2
Additional local names for trees in upper
Tabalong

15
This list includes trees which are unlikely to be of commercial potential due to their rarity and/or small size
and/or poor wood quality and also tree taxa listed in APPENDIX 1 which have different or more specific names
at species level.
These names may be used by AYI field staff (with “Unknown” as the default if tree not recognized) but it is not
necessary to use the names for routine inventory work.
Status (S)
N neither commercial nor in need of protected status
P “traditionally” protected in PTAYI forest, or recommended for protected status
Proposed local name
for upper Tabalong
S Scientific name 1. Other local names
2. Notes
BALIK ANGIN N Mallotus paniculatus
BANITAN PUTIH N Polyalthia sumatrana 1. Pisang-piang, Mempisang, Malewe
BELIMBING HUTAN N Sarcotheca species
BENGKINANG N Elaeocarpus species
BIKAKAR N Saraca declinata 1. Bunga Apoi
BUNGOR N Lagerstroemia speciosa
BUNI N Antidesma species
BUNO P Aglaia species 1. Bilayang
2. Fruit trees. Some species listed as
threatened by WCMC
DURIAN BURUNG P Durio acutifolius 2. Fruit tree.
DURIAN DAGING
MERAH
P Durio graveolens 2. Fruit tree.
DURIAN ENGGANG P Durio lanceolatus 2. Fruit tree.
DURIAN HANTU N Neesia species
EMPAH N Melicope (= Euodia)
species
1. Empatung
FICUS P Ficus species 1. Ara, Kariwaya, Loa (small trees), Wilas
(large trees)
2. Animal fruit tree.
HAPUAK N Microcos (= Grewia)
species
JAMBU JAMBU N Syzygium (= Eugenia)
species
1. Duhat, Obar, War, Witolak

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Proposed local name
for upper Tabalong
2. Notes
JENGKOL HUTAN N Archidendron species
KANGKALA N Litsea garciae
KAPUL N Baccaurea species 1. For some species : Kongkoni, Limpasu,
Rambai
KAYU BATU N Drypetes species
KAYU MANIS N Cinnamomum species 2. Spice tree.
KEDONDONG N Santiria species 2. Animal fruit tree.
KEMBAYAU N Dacryodes species 1. Keramu
2. Animal fruit tree.
KENANGA N Cananga odorata
KERANTUNGAN P Durio oxleyanus 2. Fruit tree.
KETAPI P Sandoricum species 1. Kecapi, Sentul
2. Fruit tree.
KOPI HUTAN N Trees of the family
Rubiacae, which have no
other name
LABAN N Vitex species 1. Halaban
LAHUNG P Durio dulcis 2. Fruit tree.
LAJIK KUNING N Alangium species
LAYAU N Adinandra species
LONGKANG
BAWANG
N Dysoxylum alliaceum 2. Listed as threatened by WCMC
MAHANG JARUM N Macaranga lowii
MANGGIS HUTAN P Garcinia species 1. Kumanjing
2. Animal fruit trees.
MARAKELADI N Gironniera species
MELAPISAN N Barringtonia species
MELIPAS N Prunus species 1. Bindris
MERAMBUNG N Vernonia arborea
MERASAM N Buchanania species 1. Jinga

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Proposed local name
for upper Tabalong
2. Notes
MERBATU N Parinari species 1. Melalin
MURUNG N Pimelodendron
griffithianum
PAMPAKIN P Durio kutejensis 1. Lei
2. Fruit tree.
PANI PANI P Bouea oppositifolia 2. Fruit tree
PASAK BUMI P Eurycoma species 2. Seedlings and saplings over-harvested
for medicine.
PENJALIN N Xanthohyllum species
PETAI P Parkia species 2. Fruit tree
PETALING N Ochanostachys amentacea
PTERYGOTA N Pterygota species 1. Mabin
PUT P Aquilaria species 1. Gaharu
2. Overexploited for fragrant wood.
PUTAT N Planchonia species
RAMANIA P Bouea macrophylla
RAMBUTAN HUTAN P Family Sapindaceae,
mainly Dimocarpus, Guioa,
Nephelium &
Paranephelium species
1. Meritam
2. Fruit trees.
RUWAS N Bhesa species
SARANG N Sloanea javanica

18
Appendix 3
Scientific field key to genera of non-
dipterocarp trees in upper Tabalong
By Dr. Kade Sidiyasa, Wanariset Samboja Herbarium

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1. a. Inner bark produces latex when cut ……………………………............................... 2
b. Inner bark does not produce latex when cut ........................................................... 42
2. a. Latex white, cream or aromatic translucent, sticky or free flowing .......................... 3
b. Not so ....................................................................................................................... 27
3. a. Leaves simple ............................................................................................................. 4
b. Leaves compound ................................................................................................... 21
4. a. Leaves opposite or nearly so ..................................................................................... 5
b. Not so ......................................................................................................................... 8
5. a. Leaves without conspicuous primary veins, all veins are longitudinally arranged,
free flowing aromatic translucent latex ........................................................ .Agathis
b. Leaves with primary veins, secondary veins are pinnately / horizontally arranged, white or cream
latex .................................................................................................................................... 6
6. a. Lower surface of the leaves whitish and waxy, secondary veins indistinct...... Mesua
b. Lower surface of the leaves not so, secondary veins distinct .................................... 7
7. a. Leaves with secondary veins densely parallel, bark generally yellowish-grey with
canoe-shaped or long rhomboid fissures ............................................... Calophyllum
b. Leaves with secondary veins not densely parallel, bark generally deep brown,
scaly or pockmarked .................................................................................... Garcinia
8. a. Leaves whorled .......................................................................................................... 9
b. Leaves spiral or alternate ......................................................................................... 10
9. a. Bole with out buttresses, crown conical or rounded ......................................... Dyera
b. Bole with buttresses or hollowed, crown narrow or pagoda form ................ Alstonia
10. a. Stipules on the twig apex prominent, forming a cap .............................................. 11
b. No stipules on the twig, or the twig has many scale-like protrusions..................... 15
11. a. Leaf base asymetrical ............................................................................................ 12
b. Leaf base symmetrical .......................................................................................... 14
12. a. Leaves with 3- veined base ............................................................................. Ficus
b. Leaves not so ........................................................................................................ 13
13. a. Bark smooth, whitish grey ......................................................................... Antiaris
b. Bark rough, brownish grey or deep brown ................................................ Streblus
14. a. Bole with large lenticels and corky ................................................. Parartocarpus
b. Bole not so ............................................................................................ Artocarpus
15. a. Leaves with 2 domatia where petiole meets leaf blade ........................................ 16
b. Leaves without domatia ........................................................................................ 17

20
16. a. Leaf margin crenate or serrate, yellowish white latex, slowly flowing ....................
...................................................................................................... Pimeleodendron
b. Leaf margin entire, milky white latex, free flowing ........ Elateriospermum tapos
17. a. Leaves with numerous closely-spaced intermediary veins ............ Chrysophyllum
b. Leave venation not so ........................................................................................... 18
18. a. Tertiary nerves “hang”, beginning near leaf margin .................................... Payena
b. Tertiary nerves not so ........................................................................................... 19
19. a. Milky white latex free flowing ............................................................................. 20
b. White droplet latex not free flowing .......................... Ochanostachys amentacea
20. a. Petiole swollen at the base, rough, whitish, secondary veins joining clearly
near the leaf margin ................................................................................. Madhuca
b. Petiole and secondary veins not so ........................................................ Palaquium
21. a. Large and small leaflets alternately arranged along each leaf stalk
........................................................................................ Artocarpus anisophyllus
b. Leaflets not so ....................................................................................................... 22
22. a. Twigs and other young parts scaly ............................................................... Aglaia
b. Not so .................................................................................................................... 23
23. a. Inner bark with strong resinous smell ................................................................... 24
b. Inner bark not so ................................................................................................... 25
24. a. Stipule (if present) located at the base of petiole, leaflet margin usually
dentate ..................................................................................................... Canarium
b. Stipule absent, leaflet margin entire ........................................................ Triomma
25. a. Petioles swollen at the base and the apex .............................................. Dacryodes
b. Petiole not so ........................................................................................................ 26
26. a. Leaflets 2 – 5 pairs, young leaves red or reddish brown, fruit wingless, latex
not free flowing ................................................................................. Pentaspadon
b. Leaflets 4 – 10 pairs, young leaves not so, fruit with 4 wings, latex
free flowing ............................................................................................... Parishia
27. a. Latex yellow or gold colour .................................................................................. 28
b. Latex not so .......................................................................................................... 31
28. a. Bole with canoe-shaped or long rhomboid fissures, secondary veins densely
parallel ................................................................................................. Calophyllum
b. Bole pockmarked or scaly, secondary veins not so ............................................. 29
29. a. Inner bark not fibrous (like Hevea brassiliensis) ............................... Cratoxylum

21
30. a. Leaves with many intermediary veins between secondary veins .................. Kayea
b. Leaves without intermediary veins, petiole base clasping the twig (see leaves at the twig apex)
............................................................................................................................... Garcinia
31. a. Latex black or becoming black after oxidation with air ....................................... 32
b. Latex red, brownish red or purple ........................................................................ 34
32. a. Leaves whorled or nearly so, bole largely pockmarked and scaly ......... Swintonia
b. Leaves spiral or alternate ...................................................................................... 33
33. a. Buttresses absent, leaf margin usually looping upwards, young leaves violet, the
base of petiole clearly swollen .............................................................. Mangifera
b. Buttresses present, leaf margin not so, petiole usually not swollen ............... Gluta
34. a. Leaves simple, bole usually without buttresses (or resembling stiltroots) ........... 35
b. Leaves compound, bole buttressesed ................................................................... 41
35. a. Leaves opposite, exudates orange or red ............................................. Cratoxylum
b. Leaves spiral or alternate ...................................................................................... 36
36. a. Leaves palmately veined, usually pioneer in secondary forests ........... Macaranga
b. Leaves pinnately veined, usually in primary forests ............................................ 37
37. a. Leaves spiral, margin serrate, inner bark red (like meat) ........................ Gordonia
b. Leaves alternate, margin entire ............................................................................. 38
38. a. Lower surface of the leaves whitish ..................................................................... 39
b. Not so .................................................................................................... Horsfieldia
39. a. Secondary veins and generally primary veins not raised or sunken above,
aril divided ............................................................................................................ 40
b. Secondary veins, and generally primary veins raised above, aril covers the seed
completely ................................................................................................... Knema
40. a. Outer bark rough, brownish red, no stiltroot .............................. Gymnacranthera
b. Outer bark generally scaly or fissured, deep red to black, often stiltrooted .............
................................................................................................................. Myristica
41. a. Buttresses relatively thick, bark pockmarked, leaflet margin serrate, young
leaves red, generally near a river ................................................. Pometia pinnata
b. Buttresses thin, bark smooth, leaflet margin entire .................................... Dialium
42. a. Leaves compound ................................................................................................. 43
b. Leaves simple ....................................................................................................... 73
43. a. Palmately compound ............................................................................................ 44
b. Pinnately compound ............................................................................................. 49
44. a. Leaflet number consistently 3 ............................................................................... 45

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b. Leaflets more than 3 ............................................................................................. 47
45. a. Leaves spiral, leaflet margin serrate (at least at near terminal leaflet) .....................
...................................................................................................... Allophyllus cobe
b. Leaves opposite, leaflet margin entire .................................................................. 46
46. a. Leaf blade with oil glands ...................................................... Melicope (= Euodia)
b. Leaf blade without glands .............................................................................. Vitex
47. a. Leaves spiral ............................................................................................. Heritiera
b. Leaves opposite .................................................................................................... 48
48. a. Leaflet stalks strongly swollen ............................................. Teijsmanniodendron
b. Not so .............................................................................................................. Vitex
49. a. Leaves simply pinnate .......................................................................................... 50
b. Leaves bipinnate ................................................................................................... 70
50. a. Terminal leaflet absent ......................................................................................... 51
b. Terminal leaflet present ........................................................................................ 59
51. a. Leaves alternate .................................................................................................... 52
b. Leaves spiral ......................................................................................................... 56
52. a. Bark smooth .......................................................................................................... 53
b. Bark pockmarked or largely lenticellate ............................................................... 54
53. a. Buttresses absent, bole with ring-like marks, leaf margin thickened like a frame
............................................................................................................................... Sindora
b. Buttresses present, bole without ring-like marks, leaf margin not so .. Cynometra
54. a. Leaflets 1 – 2 pairs .............................................................................. Intsia bijuga
b. Leaflets (2-)3 – 5 pairs ......................................................................................... 55
55. a. Buttresses usually present, bark pockmarked .......................... Intsia palembanica
b. Buttress absent, bark largely lenticellate ............................... Endertia spectabilis
56. a. Bark smooth to scaly, leaf margin entire .............................................................. 57
b. Bark fissured and largely scaly, leaf margin serrate ........................... Engelhardia
57. a. Bark grey, leaflets 1 – 2 pairs, dry leaves deep brown to black ...... Xerospermum
b. Bark greenish grey or brownish red, leaflets 2 – 10 pairs .................................... 58
58. a. Lower surface of the leaves greyish ...................................................... Nephelium
b. Lower surface of the leaves not so ....................................................... Dysoxylum
59. a. Leaves spiral or alternate ...................................................................................... 60
b. Leaves opposite .................................................................................................... 69

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60. a. Leaves spiral ......................................................................................................... 61
b. Leaves alternate .................................................................................................... 68
61. a. Bark smooth or scaly, grey or greenish grey, twigs and other young parts scaly ....
....................................................................................................................... Aglaia
b. Twigs and other young parts not scaly ................................................................. 62
62. a. Primary veins (rachis) flat on the upper surface, secondary veins reach the leaf
margin, curving along the margin ................................................. Dracontomelon
b. Primary and secondary veins not so ..................................................................... 63
63. a. Leaflet stalk swollen ............................................................................................. 64
b. Leaflet stalk not so ................................................................................................ 66
64. a. Leaflet stalk clearly swollen at the base and apex ................................. Dacryodes
b. Leaflet stalk swollen at the apex (near the base of the blade)............................... 65
65. a. Inner bark and other young parts smell strongly of aromatic resin, leaflet margin
usually serrate, stipulate ......................................................................... Canarium
b. Inner bark and other young parts not so, leaflet margin entire, no stipule ...............
..................................................................................................................... Santiria
66. a. Bark smooth or pockmarked, inner bark not resinous .......................................... 67
b. Bark smooth or largely scaly, inner bark smells strongly of aromatic resin ............
.................................................................................................................. Triomma
67. a. Inner bark pale brown, pulvinus present at the base of the rachis and leaflet stalk...
.................................................................................................... Ormosia/Callerya
b. Inner bark reddish brown, pulvinus absent ........................................... Dysoxylum
68. a. Bole pale grey or pale greenish grey, smooth, leaflets small, 1 – 1.7 cm wide ........
................................................................................................ Koompassia excelsa
b. Bole grey or deep brown, cracked or small fissures, leaflets 2 – 4 cm wide ...........
........................................................................................ Koompassia malaccensis
69. a. Primary veins (rachis) flattened on both side forming wing, leaflet stalk short
(almost sessile) ..................................................................... Peronema canescens
b. Primary veins not so, leaflet stalk conspicuous, venation dense ..............................
........................................................................................ Dysoxylum acutangulum
70. a. Leaves bipinnate ................................................................................................... 71
b. Leaves 3 – 4 pinnate ............................................................................... Oroxylum
71. a. Leaflets small, less than 3 cm long ....................................................................... 72
b. Leaflet bigger, more than 5 cm long ................................................. Achidendron
72. a. Leaflets very small, up to 2 cm long, 25 – 75 pairs ...................................... Parkia
b. Leaflet bigger, up to 3 cm, 3 – 7 pairs ............................................... Adenanthera

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73. a. Inner bark with distinct long fibres ....................................................................... 74
74. a. Leaf venation palmate ........................................................................................... 75
b. Leaf venation pinnate ........................................................................................... 76
75. a. Bark smooth to slightly rough, inner bark yellowish white, generally growing on sandy
coasts ...................................................................................................... Hibiscus tiliaceus
b. Bark fissured or pockmarked, inner bark brown or reddish, not growing on the
coast ........................................................................................................ Scaphium
76. a. Leaves with 3 veins at the base ............................................................................. 77
b. Leaves not so ........................................................................................................ 82
77. a. Lower surface of the leaves generally scaly or greyish ........................................ 78
b. Lower surface of the leaves not scaly ................................................................... 80
78. a. Leaf blade at the base asymetrical, often shield-like, bark smooth and
irregularly bumpy ........................................................................... Pterospermum
b. Leaf blade at the base symetrical, not shield-like, bark rough, scaly or
fissured ................................................................................................................ 79
79. a. Inner bark laminated, leaf margin serrate, at least near the apex ................ Pentace
b. Inner bark not so, leaf margin entire ........................................................ Heritiera
80. a. Bole smooth or with large scales .......................................................................... 81
b. Bole pockmarked or fissured .................................................................. Scaphium
81. a. Bole smooth, leaves alternate ................................................................... Microcos
b. Bole smooth to scaly, leaves spiral ........................................................... Sterculia
82. a. Leaves spiral ......................................................................................................... 83
b. Leaves alternate .................................................................................................... 86
83. a. Inner bark laminated, leaf margin generally dentate ............................................ 84
b. Inner bark not so, leaf margin entire .................................................................... 85
84. a. Petioles of unequal length, old leaves (near falling) red ..........................................
............................................................................................................ Barringtonia
b. Petiole very short, equal length, flattened (leaf blade invades until the base of
petiole, old leaves (near falling) red ..................................................... Planchonia
85. a. Leaf tips emarginate ..................................................................................... Neesia
b. Leaf tips mucronate ........................................................... Heritiera symplicifolia
86. a. Twig, petiole and lower surface of the leaves scaly or stellately hairy ......... Durio
b. Twig, petiole and lower surface of the leaves not scaly or hairy .......................... 81
87. a. Stiltroots present, bark brown or reddish brown ........................................ Xylopia

25
b. Stiltroots absent, bark grey or greyish black ........................................................ 88
88. a. Bole with rings ........................................................................................ Polyalthia
b. Bole without rings ................................................................................................ 89
89. a. Primary veins wide and flat on the upper surface .................................... Mezzettia
b. Primary veins not so ............................................................................................. 90
90. a. Bole smooth, inner bark not laminated ....................................................... Xylopia
b. Bole scaly, inner bark laminated .......................................................................... 91
91. a. Inner bark yellowish white, crushed leaves showing silk-like fibres, leaves
without oil spots ...................................................................................... Aquilaria
b. Inner bark brownish or reddish brown, crushed leaves not so, leaves with
oil spots ................................................................................................. Gonystylus
92. a. Leaves with 3 veins .............................................................................................. 93
b. Leaves pinnately veined ....................................................................................... 97
93. a. Leaves opposite or nearly so ................................................................................. 94
b. Leaves alternate or spiral ...................................................................................... 96
94. a. Lower leaf surface brownish, bole with densely narrowly fissures ..... Rhodamnia
b. Lower leaf surface not so, bole smooth or scaly .................................................. 95
95. a. Inner bark thin, bark and crushed leaves do not smell spicy ................ Pternandra
b. Inner bark relatively thick, bark and crushed leaves smell spicy .... Cinnamomum
96. a. Lower leaf surface greyish, the three main veins do not joint the point where
petiole meets the blade ............................................................................. Neolitsea
b. Lower leaf surface not so, the three main veins joint the point where petiole meets
the blade ..................................................................................................... Ziziphus
97. a. Leaves opposite .................................................................................................... 98
b. Leaves alternate, spiral or whorled ..................................................................... 110
98. a. Stipules present ..................................................................................................... 99
b. Stipules absent .................................................................................................... 103
99. a. Stipule tip rounded ................................................................. Nauclea/Neonauclea
b. Stipule tip acute .................................................................................................. 100
100. a. Stipules clustered over petioles ........................................................................ 101
b. Stipules not so ................................................................................................... 102
101. a. Leaf margin serrate, twigs solid ............................................................... Carallia
b. Leaf margin entire, twigs hollow .......................................................... Pellacalyx
102. a. Bole latticed, leaves ovate, < 8 cm long ............................................ Pertusadina

26
b. Bole not so, leaves elliptic, > 15 cm long ..................................... Anthocephalus
103. a. Secondary veins obscure, inner bark thin ........................................... Memecylon
b. Secondary veins prominent .............................................................................. 104
104. a. Inner bark with tannin, leaves with oil spots ......................................... Syzygium
b. Inner bark without tannin, leaves without oil spots .......................................... 105
105. a. Leaves with intramarginal veins ....................................................................... 106
b. Not so ................................................................................................................ 107
106. a. Trees growing in open areas (pioneer), inner bark yellowish brown .....................
........................................................................................... Duabanga moluccana
b. Trees growing in primary forests, inner bark reddish-brown ........... Crypteronia
107. a. Middle bark bright yellow ................................................................................ 108
b. Not so ................................................................................................................ 109
108. a. Leaf margin dentate .............................................................................. Kookoona
b. Leaf margin entire ........................................................................ Lophopetalum
109. a. Bark densely deeply fissured, inner bark purplish, base of petiole enlarged,
clasping the twig ..................................................................................... Fragraea
b. Bark pockmarked or scaly, inner bark pale brown, petiole not so .........................
...................................................................................................... Lagerstroemia
110. a. Bark peeling longitudinally or thinly widely scaly ........................................... 111
b. Bark not so ........................................................................................................ 112
111. a. Primary veins obscure, venation longitudinally arranged, crushed leaves with
distinct aroma (of cineol) ...................................................................... Melaleuca
b. Venation pinnate, crushed leaves without aroma, bark peeling longitudinally ......
......................................................................................................... Tristaniopsis
112. a. Inner bark with blueish tannin .......................................................................... 113
b. Not so ................................................................................................................ 115
113. a. Petiole slender, relatively long, swollen at the base ......................................... 114
b. Petiole not so ..................................................................................... Lithocarpus
114. a. Inner bark with hard ridges that penetrate the sapwood, leaf margin occasionally
dentate (usually near leaf tip) .................................................................. Quercus
b. Inner bark sometimes with hard ridges that penetrate the sapwood, leaf margin entire
Castanopsis
115. a. Inner bark with hairs or short fibres, usually itchy ........................................... 116
b. Not so ................................................................................................................ 119
116. a. Inner bark aromatic, lower leaf surface greyish or blueish .............................. 117

27
b. Inner bark not aromatic, lower leaf surface not so ........................................... 118
117. a. Bark smooth, leaf blade stiff, venation sunken above ...................... Cryptocarya
b. Bark pockmarked, venation not so .............................................................. Litsea
118. a. Leaf blade generally very stiff, leaf margin entire ......................... Ternstroemia
b. Leaf blade not so, leaf margin dentate ....................................................... Schima
119. a. Bark generally black or blackish, inner bark and sapwood turns yellow if
slashed .................................................................................................. Diospyros
b. Not so ................................................................................................................ 120
120. a. Inner bark and crushed leaves with garlic odour ....... Scorodocarpus borneensis
b. Not so ................................................................................................................ 121
121. a. Stiltroot present ................................................................................................. 122
b. Stiltroot absent .................................................................................................. 123
122. a. Petiole clearly swollen at the base and apex, upper surface of petiole not
grooved, old leaves (near falling) generally red ............................... Elaeocarpus
b. Petiole not swollen, upper surface of petiole grooved, old leaves not
turning red ................................................................................................ Dillenia
123. a. Leaves peltate ................................................................................................... 124
b. Leaves not so, except young plants occasionally slightly peltate .................... 127
124. a. Leaves without big glands at the base .............................................................. 125
b. Leaves with 2 big glands at the base ............................................ Endospermum
125. a. Leaf blade big, > 30 cm wide, stipules on the twigs dry .... Macaranga gigantea
b. Leaf blade < 30 cm wide, stipules not dry ........................................................ 126
126. a. Lower surface of the leaves greyish white ....................... Macaranga hypoleuca
b. Not so .................................................................................................. Macaranga
127. a. Leaf venation palmate ....................................................................................... 128
b. Leaf venation pinnate ....................................................................................... 129
128. a. Bark rough or densely pockmarked, petiole angled, leaves without 2 big glands
at the base ............................................................................................. Octomeles
b. Bark smooth, ringed, petiole not angled, leaves with 2 big glands at the base ......
....................................................................................................... Endospermum
129. a. Leaves with three veins at the base ................................................................... 130
b. Leaves not so .................................................................................................... 133
130. a. Stipules absent .................................................................................................. 131
b. Stipules present ................................................................................................. 132

28
131. a. Petiole not clearly swollen, leaves ovate ................................................ Neolitsea
b. Petiole clearly swollen at the apex or at both ends, leaves ovate to oblong-
obovate .................................................................................................. Ryparosa
132. a. Bole smooth, ringed or pockmarked, lower surface of the leaves greyish,
leaf base rounded, stipule flattened, growing in secondary forests ........................
.............................................................................................. Macaranga conifera
b. Bole scaly, lower surface of the leaves with brownish hairs, leaf base cordate,
stipule needle like, growing in th primary forests .................... Ryparosa hirsuta
133. a. Petiole with auricles at the apex ........................... Campnosperma auriculatum
b. Petiole not so .................................................................................................... 134
134. a. Lower surface of the leaves greyish or brownish ............................................. 135
b. Lower surface of the leaves not so ................................................................... 139
135. a. Stipules present ................................................................................................. 136
b. Stipule absent ................................................................. Lauraceae (few genera)
136. a. Stipules long, > 5 cm ........................................................ Elmerillia tsiampacca
b. Stipules short, < 3 cm ....................................................................................... 137
137. a. Stipules cap-like, leaving ring-like scars surrounding the twigs ...................... 138
b. Stipules (if present) not so, not leaving ring like scars on the twigs, generally
small trees in secondary forests .......................................................... Glochidion
138. a. Stipules small, < 1 cm long, twigs and lower leaf surface hairy or scaly ...............
............................................................................................. Parinari oblongifolia
b. Stipules bigger, up to 3 cm, twigs and lower leaf surface glabrous .......................
................................................................................................. Irvingia malayana
139. a. Old leaves (near falling) generally red ............................................. Elaeocarpus
b. Not so ................................................................................................................ 140
140. a. Petiole grooved on the upper surface ........................................................ Dillenia
b. Not so ................................................................................................................ 141
141. a. Inner bark fibrous, almost laminated .............................. Eusideroxylon zwageri
b. Inner bark “sandy”, not laminated .................................................................... 142
142. a. Glands (2) at the end of the upper surface of petiole (near the leaf base) ..............
.......................................................................................... Maranthes corymbosa
b. Glands (if present) not so ................................................................................. 143
143. a. Inner bark red, relatively soft and brittle, generally thin .................................. 144
b. Inner bark pale, yellowish brown to brown, rarely reddish brown, relatively hard
........................................................................................................................... 145
144. a. Bole cylindrical, bark reddish brown, petiole swollen at one or at both ends,

29
leaf margin entire or dentate ................................................................ Baccaurea
b. Bole generally hollow, grey, petiole not swollen, leaf margin entire .....................
............................................................................... Chaetocarpus castanocarpus
145. a. Stipules overlapping ......................................................................................... 146
b. Stipules (if present) not so ................................................................................ 147
146. a. Petiole long, > 2 cm, clearly swollen mainly at the apex, leaf base
symetrical, blade glabrous, leaf margin entire ........................... Bhesa paniculata
b. Petiole short, up to 1 cm, not swollen, leaf base assymetrical, blade hairy, leaf
margin dentate .................................................................................... Gironniera
147. a. Bole generally densely lenticellate, twigs often greenish or yellowish
green, leaf margin entire .............................................................. Xanthophyllum
b. Bole smooth or rough, twigs grey to reddish deep brown, leaf margin entire or
dentate ............................................................................................................... 148
148. a. Leaf base symetrical ............................................................................ Adinandra
b. Leaf base asymetrical ............................................................................. Drypetes

WP004 Trees in Hulu Tabalong , J Payne, Jun 01(E)

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