, organs of the government of bangladesh , government: concept , legislature of bangladesh , limitations of the executive organ in bd , judiciary organ of bangladesh , functions of judicial organ of bangladesh , functions of executive organ of bangladesh , how to make judiciary more effective in bangladesh

1. Organs of the
Government
of
Bangladesh

2. Government: Concept
The word government is derived from the Latin infinitive
‘gubernare’, meaning "to govern" or "to manage".
Government is the mechanism for determining the policy of the state
as well as the means by which state policy is enforced.
In parliamentary systems, the government is composed of the prime
minister and the cabinet. In other cases, "government" refers to
executive, legislative, judicial, bureaucratic, and possibly also
devolved powers.

3. Organs of the Government of Bangladesh
The People’s Republic of Bangladesh is a unitary, independent and
sovereign republic which has a parliamentary form of government.
The President is a constitutional figure head and is elected by the
members of the Parliament for the tenure of 5 years. The supreme
command of the armed forces vests with the President.
The system of Government is democratic with separation of powers
among the three organs, namely-
(A) the legislature;
(B) the executive; and
(C) the judiciary.

5. A. Legislature of Bangladesh
In Bangladesh, the legislative branch of the government is a
unicameral Parliament - Jatiyo Sangsad, which makes the laws for
the citizens.
The president calls Parliament into session.
Jatiyo Sangsad consists of 350 members of which 300 Members
from 300 territorial constituencies elected on the basis of adult
Franchise. The remaining 50 seats are reserved for women. A
quorum is sixty members.

6. Legislature of Bangladesh (Cont.)
Qualifications for parliament election: Article 66 (1)
i. If he is a citizen of Bangladesh
ii. Attained the age of twenty-five years
Disqualifications for parliament election: Article 66 (2)
I. Who is declared by a competent court to be of unsound mind and is
an undercharged insolvent
II. Acquires the citizenship of, or affirms of acknowledges allegiance to, a
foreign state
III. Who has been, on conviction for a criminal offence involving moral
turpitude, sentenced to imprisonment for a term of not less than two
years unless a period of five years has elapsed since his release;
IV. holds any office of profit in this service of the Republic other than an
office which is declared by law not to disqualify its holders.

7. Functions of Legislature of Bangladesh
1. Law Making
2. Control over the budget
3. Control over Executive
4. Judicial
5. Electoral
6. Amendment of the constitution
7. Mirror of public opinion

8. Limitations of the Parliamentary System in BD
1. Lack of proper practice of democracy
2. Lack of political commitment
3. Avoiding attitude of parliamentary session
4. Lack of punishment of MPs
5. Improper role of speaker and deputy speaker
6. Ineffective or tadbir culture
7. Patronizing political mudslinging
8. Ineffective role of election commission
9. Ineffective role civil society and development actors
10. Lack of proper infrastructure of ICT
11. Poor qualities of MPs
12. The role of military person or administration
13. Poor qualities and responsibilities of the citizens
14. Political criminalization
15. Lack of stability of the parliament

9. B. Executive Organ of Bangladesh
The executive power of the Republic is exercised by or on the advice
of the Prime Minister, who commends the support of the majority
members of parliament.
The Cabinet, headed by the Prime Minister and consisting of other
ministers is the executive arm of the government. Ministers, State
Ministers and Deputy Ministers are appointed as per wish of the
Prime Minister. The Cabinet is collectively responsible to the
parliament.
Each ministry is headed by a Minister or a state Minister. Below the
ministries lie several executive agencies in order to executive
government policies and decisions. Territorially, the country is
divided into administrative layers like Divisions, Districts, Upazilas
etc.

10. Functions of Executive organ of Bangladesh
1. Administrative
2. Legislative
3. Military Functions
4. Foreign Relations
5. Financial Functions

11. Limitations of the Executive organ in BD
1. Lack of proper cooperation and coordination
2. Apathy to change the bureaucratic manners
3. Improper ICT facilities
4. Lack of skilled and sound manpower
5. Highly Politicized of government functions
6. Lack of proactive leadership quality
7. Practice of traditional rules and regulations
8. Lack of proper practice of constitution
9. Improper and partial role of various organizations
10. Poor qualifications of the members of the cabinet
11. Highly centralized government system
12. Ineffective local government system

12. C. Judiciary Organ of Bangladesh
At the apex of the country's judiciary system stands the
Supreme Court. The Supreme Court serves as the Guardian of
the Constitution and enforces the fundamental rights of the
citizens. It consists of the High Court Division and the
Appellate Division. The Appellate Division of the Supreme
Court in Dhaka reviews appeals of judgment by the High Court
Division. The judges of both divisions are appointed by the
president.
At the grass-roots level, the judicial system begins with village
courts. Unresolved disputes then go to the sub district level.
Cases may wind their way up from district courts to
permanent benches of the High Court Division.

13. Functions of Judicial organ of Bangladesh
1) Interpretation of the laws
2) Guardian of the constitution
3) Decide the cases
4) Custodian of fundamental rights
5) Protection of civil rights
6) Advisory functions

14. How to make judiciary more effective in Bangladesh?
1) Freedom from executive organ
2) Ensuring separate judicial secretariat
3) Ensuring the quality of the judges
4) Introducing ICT facilities
5) Apathy to change judicial manners
6) Removing bureaucratic attitudes in judicial services
7) Proper practice of constitution
8) Political commitment toward nation
9) Proactive and impartial role of Attorney General Office
10) Active role of Judicial Commission
11) Conducting various research works
12) Organizing various training programs to develop skills
13) Positive role of mass media, civil society and mass people

15. Chapter Related Questions
Define government and Parliament.
Write down the qualifications to be the Member of Parliament.
Discuss the functions of the ‘House of the People’ or Parliament’.
How can we make an effective parliamentary system in Bangladesh?
Discuss the limitations of the parliamentary system of Bangladesh.
What is Executive Organ? Discuss the functions of it.
Narrate the key problems of executive Organ of Bangladesh.
What is independence of Judiciary?
Discuss the functions of the judiciary organ of Bangladesh.
How can independence of Judiciary ensure in Bangladesh?