Cría de terneros sin antibiótico

1. © Dunbia 2017© Dunbia 2018
Antibiotic Free Feeding –
Minimising the Requirement for
Antibiotic Usage
Dr Ryan Law

2. © Dunbia 2018
Dunbia UK

3. © Dunbia 2018
• Two family businesses merging with a common vision for the future as one of
the largest meat companies in the UK & Ireland:
• 24 factories – 9 Irish; 15 British; 7000 employees
• Processing over 900,000 cattle & 3m sheep a year
• Generating a scale that will underpin our competitive future and ensure we
are best placed to supply our customers with best quality, locally sourced
beef & lamb product
Company Overview

4. © Dunbia 2018
Antibiotics in UK
• UK consumer wants food that is safe
• Concern that antibiotic resistance is a
growing threat to human health
• BUT animal welfare still top priority
• “Antibiotic free” has stigma of lower welfare
standards
• Antibiotics sold to farming sector decreasing
YOY

5. © Dunbia 2018
Our Strategy

6. © Dunbia 2018
Why So Important?
• The risks involved with increasing Antimicrobial Resistance
A large population of
bacteria exist, with a
small percentage of
them containing
resistant traits
The new bacteria
continue to reproduce,
creating a new resistant
bacterial population
These bacteria multiply,
reproducing new
bacteria that contain the
resistance mutation
Antibiotic treatment is
not effective on the
whole bacterial
community
4
1
3
2

7. © Dunbia 2018
Collect accurate and representative vet/med data off farm to decipher current
antibiotic usage within beef and sheep production systems
Identify the most commonly used antibiotics
Implement strategies to limit and reduce usage in line with RUMA
“Use as little antibiotic as possible
but as much as necessary”
Targets

8. © Dunbia 2018
Lack of accurate
data recording on
farm
Limited
knowledge on
antibiotics and their use
Benchmarking
data within
and between
farms
Antibiotics
can have the
same generic
active
ingredient but
different
product /
brand names
Selecting an
appropriate
antibiotic
which is
specific for
the infection
Broad
spectrum
vs.
narrow
spectrum
antibiotics
Over & under
estimating
weights
Just meeting
requirements
for FQA – not
a true
reflection of
antibiotic
usage
Challenges

9. © Dunbia 2018
Understanding PCU
‘Population Correction Unit is a theoretical unit of measurement developed by EMA
and is adopted across Europe’
‘It allows for European wide comparison and accurate within & cross species
comparison by standardising the bodyweight of all animals on farm’
Average weight of the
animal at time of antibiotic
treatment (kg)
The PCU Process

10. © Dunbia 2018
Slaughtered Cow
425kg
Slaughtered Bulls &
Bullocks
425kg
Slaughtered Heifer
200kg
Slaughtered Calves &
Young Cattle
140kg
Dairy Cow
425kg 1kg
Broiler
Allocated PCU Weights

11. © Dunbia 2018
How to apply PCU correction?
PCU weight of
specific animal
Number of animals Total Produced
3 males x 425kg = 1,275 kg PCU
2 females x 200kg = 400 kg PCU
1,675 kg PCU
Apply the PCU Correction

12. © Dunbia 2018
Antibiotic
Active
Ingredient
Concentration
(mg/ml)
For every antibiotic administered their active
ingredient and its concentration should
be separated
Now bring Antibiotics into the Equation…

13. © Dunbia 2018
EarTag Sex
Antibiotic & Date
Admin.
Stage
Used At
Active Ingredient
Concentration
(mg/ml)
Qty
(ml)
Total Qty of Active
Ingredients (mg)
Total Active
Ingredients Used(mg)
Total Quantity of Active Ingredients

14. © Dunbia 2018
Rear Finish Lifetime Rear Finish Lifetime Rear Finish Lifetime
March 56 12 53 3 7,840 23,125 23,125 43,114 16,300 59,414 5.50 0.70 2.57
April 53 23 49 4 7,420 21,625 21,625 47,700 3,550 51,250 6.43 0.16 2.37
May 155 84 126 29 21,700 59,350 59,350 111,810 6,000 117,810 5.15 0.10 1.99
June 122 64 98 24 17,080 46,450 46,450 88,190 43,650 131,840 5.16 0.94 2.84
July 82 38 64 18 11480 30,800 30800 69,870 51,610 124,580 6.09 1.68 4.04
mg/kg PCUPCU Weight
Month Total Head Total Male Total Female
Total Number
Untreated
Active Ingredients used in Lifetime (mg)
Integrated Beef Scheme Antibiotic KPI’s
Total Quantity of Active Ingredients Used
Total PCU Weight
mg/kg PCU =
Generation of Usage Figure

15. © Dunbia 2018
UK Beef Industry

16. © Dunbia 2018
Current Environment
• Poultry
• Have dramatically reduced the amount of antibiotics
used
• Production systems are changing SOPs to promote
more sustainable practices
• Pigs
• Now more accurate measurement in terms of mg / kg
meat produced / year.
• Antibiotic usage still too high
• Aim to move away from in-feed and in-water
• Injectable much preferred

17. © Dunbia 2018
Current Environment
• Beef
• One of the biggest challenges is availability of data to
indicate current usage.
• Antibiotic hotspots have been highlighted in calf
rearing and young-stock, and especially with
respiratory disease.
• Targets set
• Reach 10mg / kg PCU by 2020
• Halve use of the highest priority Critically
Important Antibiotics (HP-CIAs) by 2020.

18. © Dunbia 2018
• Fragmented supply chain
• Average age at slaughter much too high
• Average age of slaughter = 28.7
• Significant losses at some point along the
supply chain
• Low efficiency of production
• Not utilising genetic potential
• Health and disease an issue
• Prerequisite to achieving efficient production
UK Beef Industry - Challenges

19. © Dunbia 2018
Efficient Inefficient
Source: BOVIS 2017
UK Beef Industry - Variability

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• 49% of beef fails to meet ideal market specification
(AHDB)
• Poor conformation, over weight & over fat
• Despite meeting carcass specification still huge
variability
• Age (12-36 months)
• Weight (260 – 400 kg carcass)
• Breeds (25+ different breeds)
• Conformation grade and fat class
UK Beef Industry - Variability

21. • Smaller number of larger farms
• Margins tighter
• Dilute overheads
• Successful in pig and poultry industry
• Beef sector very extensive production system
• Absence / withdrawal of agricultural support
will naturally cause a reduction in the
number of farms
Future Trends – Contraction

22. © Dunbia 2018
Future Trends – Supply Chain Integration
• Supply Chain Integration
• “Close alignment and coordination within a supply
chain”
• Improved market transparency
• Improved supply chain communication and
cooperation
• Improved market security for producers
• Ultimately leading to a more resilient and
sustainable industry
Processor
Retailer
Producer

23. © Dunbia 2018
• Supply chain integration will facilitate establishment
of effective dairy origin beef system
• Currently approximately 54% of prime cattle
slaughtered originate from the dairy herd
• This is predicted to increase due to decreasing suckler
cow numbers
• Renewed interest in the whole area of dairy origin beef
throughout supply chain
• Retailer to producer
Case Study – Dairy Origin Beef

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• Challenge
• Poor attitude of dairy farmers
• Calf mortality and morbidity a huge problem
• Mortality in first month of life up to 13% (AFBI, seminar)
• Objectives
• Deliver health and nutrition protocols at each stage to maximise the
efficiency of production
• Reduced antibiotic usage and subsequent mortality
• Deliver a consistent product to the consumer via reduced variation
• Age of slaughter (<16 months), Slaughter weight (280-320kgs),
Grade (O, R & U), Fat class (3)
• Increase data flow within supply chain
• Data Driven Agriculture
Dairy Origin Beef – Challenges / Objectives

25. © Dunbia 2018Reference: McDonald, Edwards and Greenhalgh
0 6 12 18 24 30
Age
Live-
weight
Efficient beef production Inefficient beef production
FCR 1.5 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 7.5 9.0
Current
Slaughter
Target
Slaughter
Dairy Origin Beef – Slaughter targets

26. © Dunbia 2018
Rearer
(2 weeks to 14 weeks)
Grower / Finisher
(3.5 – 15 months)
Dairy Farmers
Abattoir
Milk Processor
Genetics
(Phase 2)
Retailer
Nutritionist
Veterinarian
Protocols
Performance
Records
Dairy Origin Beef – Structure

27. © Dunbia 2018
DATA DRIVEN AGRICULTURE

28. © Dunbia 2018
• Farm Wizard
• icloud based data management software
• All data recorded
• Vet / med
• performance
• User interface for full scheme visibility
• Data collection
• Set out exact requirements of data
• Implement EID system on units
• Ability to report data easily
Data Collection – Farm Wizard

29. © Dunbia 2018
Dairy farm Calf rearing farm Finishing farm
Calf condition score Periodic daily live weight gain Periodic daily live weight gain
Calf weight % of calves reaching 84 day
target weight
Cost of production
Weight for age Cost of production Cost per kg gain
% of healthy calves AMU
Mg Active ingredient / kg PCU
AMU
Mg Active ingredient / kg PCU
Calves bought vs calves
left
% calves treated with an
antibiotic
% cattle treated with an
antibiotic
Mortality Mortality
Farm KPIs

30. © Dunbia 2018
CALF REARING

31. © Dunbia 2018
Targets – Immune / Pathogen Balance
Immune
Competence
Immune
Competence
Pathogen
Load
Pathogen
Load
• Low risk of disease
• Immune competence
outweighs pathogen load
• High risk of disease
• Immune competence may still
be high but environmental
pathogen load is too great

32. © Dunbia 2018
• Environment set up to reduce pathogenic load
• Reduce exposure to pathogens
• Ventilation
• Pressurised system that forces fresh
air on top of calves
• Stack effect DOES NOT WORK
• Space allowance
• Above 3m^2 / animal
• Dry bedding
• Bedding replaced daily
Calf Environment

33. © Dunbia 2018
Calf Environment

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Positive Pressure Ventilation - Evolution
Didn’t work (trapped air) Dramatic improvement Best Results
• Prevention of respiratory disease better than treatment

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Positive Pressure Ventilation
• Potential modes of action
• Forcing fresh air down onto cattle
• Removing aerosolization of pathogens
• Air turnover
• Humidity reduction
• Reducing respiratory irritation cause by
Ammonia and to a lesser extent CO2
• Drying effect on bedding

36. © Dunbia 2018
• Vaccination Programme
• Arrival
• Rispoval Intranasal
• Day 15
• Bovipast
• Bovilis IBR
• Day 36
• Bovipast
• Bovilis IBR
• Parasite control
• External and Internal
Calf Health – Proactive Approach Key

37. © Dunbia 2018
• Unique nutritional approach in association with Inzar
• Based on promoting immune function and gut health
• Low milk intake (11.5kg milk powder / calf)
• Calves enter at 2 weeks of age
• Feeding
• 2 litres twice a day for 2 weeks
• 2 litres once a day for 10 days followed by gradual wean
• Early rumen development from an early age
• Ad lib access to feed from entry
• High level of gut health
• Low milk intake and high concentrate intake limits pathogen
growth and inflammation of gut wall
Calf Nutrition – Inzar Feeding Programme

38. © Dunbia 2018
• Reformulated to promote immune function (Inzar)
• Very high quality milk
• Lower protein levels to prevent imbalance and take
emphasis away from growth
• High oil content to reduce fat loss post partum and
boost immune function
• Closer match the chemical content of cow’s milk
• Inclusion of Diter and Inmuprim
• Results to date exceptional
• Lower disease levels; no diarrhoea, minimal levels of
respiratory disease
• Higher levels of vigour
Calf Nutrition – Milk Programme

39. © Dunbia 2018
Quickstart Papinbeef Econbeef
Age (days) 1-28 29-100 100+
Palatability Attractive aroma Attractive aroma Normal
Unique Properties
Particle size profile Particle size profile Particle size profile
Energy source
micronized
Yeast, volatile fatty acid
derivatives and sugars
Alkalizing substances and
essential amino acids
Protein source enzyme
treated
Mano-oligosaccharides
and Betaglucans
Speed modulators of
degradation of the
carbohydrates
Calf Nutrition – Dry Feeding Programme

40. © Dunbia 2018
Conventional Dunbia Calorific equivalent
Milk powder / calf (kg) 30 11.5 64
Dry feed / calf (kg) 150 225 125
Total (£) 78.12 80.85 130.50
Energy Intake (MJ) 2613 3270 3273
Calf weights (kg) 120 145 -
Growth Rate (kg/d) 0.834 1.132 -
Cost / kg gain (£/kg) 1.12 0.85 -
Percentage treated with
Antibiotic
75% 13.1 -
Mg / kg PCU Circa 30.0 3.40
Mortality (%) 14.0 1.9 -
Results – 5,000 calves

41. © Dunbia 2018
Percentage of
animals treated
Mg / kg PCU Antibiotic free
batches
Farmer 1 13.7% 3.02 0%
Farmer 2 6.2% 1.97 18%
Farmer 3 24.1% 4.73 0%
Farmer 4 19.5% 4.67 0%
Farmer 5 32.7% 9.87 0%
Farmer 6 14.1% 3.59 0%
Farmer 7 2.8% 0.34 85%
Calf Rearing - Antibiotic Usage
Health Plan
Nutrition Environment
Stockmanship

42. © Dunbia 2018
Calf Rearing – Trial Work
• Transportation of calves results in stress
• Higher risk of disease on entry to finishing farm
• Trialling a product to reduce stress and
subsequent body tissue mobilisation and
immunosuppression
• Relaxafeed
• Designed to minimise stress
• Electrolytes
• Amino acids
• Natural calming agents

43. © Dunbia 2018
FINISHING

44. © Dunbia 2018
• Finishing targets for steers and heifers
• <14 months
• 600kgs+
• Fat class 3 & 4L
• Conformation >O-
• Growth targets
• >1.25 kg / head / day over lifetime of animal
• Mortality <1% during finishing
Finishing targets

45. © Dunbia 2018
• Three main systems
• Indoors all the time (80% of cattle)
• Ad lib concentrate
• Forage based TMR
• One season at grass
• 3-5 months at grass followed by indoor
finishing
Finishing Systems

46. © Dunbia 2018
• Health
• Arrival (Vaccinations)
• All animals treated with IBR Intranasal on arrival
• Period of stress
• Intranasal administrated prior to period
• External parasites
• Examined on a 6 weekly basis and treated as necessary
Finishing – Health Protocol

47. © Dunbia 2018
• Reduce exposure to pathogens
• Ventilation
• Pressurised system that forces fresh air on top of
cattle
• Space allowance
• Above 4.5m^2 / animal
• Dry bedding
• Bedding replaced daily
Finishing - Environment

48. © Dunbia 2018
Finishing - Environment

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• 300 cattle beef unit
• Pre-installation of ventilation
• Health
• 53% cattle treated with antibiotic
• Growth rates
• 1.26kgs / head / day
• Post-installation of ventilation
• Health
• 0% cattle treated with antibiotic
• Growth rates
• 1.61kgs / head / day
Finishing – Case Study

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• Trial work highlighted optimal air turnover
• Complete turnover of airspace in less than 5 minutes is
optimal – no antibiotic treatment necessary
Speed
controller
Air speed at hole
(m/s)
Air Flow
M³/s
Air Turnover /
min
Power
W
1 3.1 161.5 19.33 188
2 3.8 198.0 15.77 246
3 5.2 270.9 11.52 292
4 6.5 338.7 9.22 351
5 8.5 442.9 7.05 420
6 10.4 541.9 5.76 504
7 12.1 630.5 4.95 570
8 13.1 682.6 4.57 643
9 13.6 708.6 4.41 679
10 13.6 708.6 4.41 679
Finishing – Case Study Continued

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Positive Pressure Ventilation
• Potential modes of action
• Forcing fresh air down onto cattle
• Removing aerosolization of pathogens
• Air turnover
• Humidity reduction
• Reducing respiratory irritation cause by
Ammonia and to a lesser extent CO2
• Drying effect on bedding

52. © Dunbia 2018
• All diets formulated to maximise
growth
• Base premix is Econbeef (Inzar)
• Designed to protect rumen and
promote growth
• Key to establishing efficient
beef production system
Finishing – Nutritional Programme

53. © Dunbia 2018
Finishing – Antibiotic Usage
Percentage of
animals treated
during finishing
period
Mg / kg PCU Antibiotic free
batches
Farmer 1 3.9% 0.79 0%
• 18 finishing farms
• All data recorded of Farm Wizard
• Requirement for antibiotic greatly reduced
• Critical period is post movement from rearer to finisher
• Intervention strategies ensure this is well managed

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What Scheme average Industry average
Calf growth rates 1.21 kg / day 0.8kg/day
Finishing growth rates 1.33 kg/day (LT) 0.83kg/day
Mortality in rear 1.8% 14% (Royal Vet College)
Mortality at finish 0.7% 2%
Production System – Overall Performance

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What Numbers Age (m) Average weight Grades
Holstein 1571 14.2 298.2 -O4L
Angus 439 14.3 305.1 O+4L
Hereford 247 14.5 301.5 O+4L
Continental 480 14.6 315.8 R3
Production System – Overall Performance

56. © Dunbia 2018
Conclusion
Pharma
Retailers &
Processors
Consumers
Farmers
Excellent Animal Welfare,
Efficient, Safe Production,
Profitable Farm Businesses
Vets
Safe,
Affordable
Food
Responsible
Use of
Antibiotics
DATA DRIVEN
AGRICULTURE

57. © Dunbia 2018