2. Determine the characters,
setting, and plot of a story
01
Recognize subject-verb
agreement for indefinite
pronouns, money, numbers, and
mass nouns
02
Evaluate the characters of
a story
03
Write a cause and effect
essay
04
Develop willingness to help
others
05
Learning Outcomes
6. The White Seal
If marine animals could speak, what do you
think they would say? Why would they say
these things?
7. REVIEW
_____ Kotick soon grew to be a white seal, the first one after so many years.
_____ Sea Lion told Kotick about the hunting and skinning of seals and about Kerick
who had been a hunter for almost thirty years.
_____ Kotick quickly went back home and met Sea Lion on the way.
_____ While discussing about moving to another place, Matkah and Sea Catch noticed
that Kotick was going to be a white seal.
_____ Kotick learned from his father that he could not do anything about the killing; he
just needed to grow strong and be able to defend himself.
_____ When Kotick was four months old, he saw Kerick and Patalamon who thought
that he was a ghost of Zaharoff.
_____ Kotick heard and saw the killing of the other bachelor seals, and he felt very
scared.
_____ Then the young white seal went to Sea Vitch to ask for advice but did not get
what he wanted.
_____ Sea Catch fought against his fellow seals for territory. He was bruised but his
wife suggested that they just move to Otter Island.
_____ Kotick decided that he needed to find a place where people do not go so that he
can be saved from Kerick and his son.
Arrange the following events in order. Write letters A to J on the blank.
10. EXPLO
RE
The elements that make a story
coherent and interesting comprise
what you call the story grammar.
The most basic elements involved
are: Characters
people involved in the story
• main character
o protagonist
o antagonist
• minor character
Plot
the sequence of events in a story
• conflict
• climax
• resolution
Setting
where and when the story takes place
13. OBSERVE
Subject-Verb Agreement for Indefinite
Pronouns
Indefinite pronouns may or may not have a specific
antecedent.
Examples of indefinite
pronouns:
14. There are indefinite pronouns that are either always singular
or always plural.
Someone is asking about the application process.
Nothing ever results from procrastination.
Many are aware of the new rules in the school.
Others think that everyone should contribute money.
To identify the antecedent of the indefinite pronoun, look at
the noun after the preposition of that comes after the
indefinite pronoun. The verb then agrees with the noun after
the indefinite pronoun.
All of the materials have been prepared for the food
booth.
If there is no noun or noun phrase after the indefinite
pronoun, it agrees with a singular verb.
All has been prepared for the food booth. OBSERVE
15. OBSERVE
Subject-Verb Agreement of Numbers,
Money, and Mass Nouns
Fractions and percentages, when
used alone as the subject, take
singular verbs.
Three-fourths of the students
have already left.
Money, quantities, and periods of time
take singular verbs.
One hundred pesos is my daily allowance.
Seven kilometers seems a long distance to
travel on your bicycle.
Ten minutes is a short period of time to
wait.
When fractions are followed by a noun phrase,
the verb agrees with the number of the noun.
Three-fourths of the students have
already left.
Three-fourths of the book has been
read by Rachel.
16. OBSERV
Mass nouns, some collective nouns, and subjects of
knowledge take singular nouns.
This information helps me write my research paper.
Mathematics is Michael’s least favorite subject in
school.
The band is playing a song for the parade.
19. TALK A well-written dialogue is an effective
mode for characterization. Different
characters have particular nuances in
their speech.
A character who is loud and bossy more
likely uses commands in speech.
A character who is timid and quiet more
likely uses hedges or speech fillers
when talking.
It is important to pay attention to what
the characters say and how they say it
in order to distinguish between different
characters.
20. o Form groups of four. Each member will take
turns choosing lines from the play, The White
Seal. The line should be read in front of the
group with the appropriate vocal expressions to
convey the character that is being read. The
other members will then identify the character
who said it.
TALK
21. With a partner, write a cause and effect
essay about animal extinction. Choose
an
endangered species to research on.
Identify five to ten facts about the
species such as physical
characteristics, habitat, food, and the
threats to its survival. Describe what is
causing their extinction and
in what ways it is affecting our
environment today.
WRITE
22. The story you just read revolves around
a seal who wants to help other seals by
looking for a place to move where no
man has gone before, but it did not end
well. Write the ending of the story
showing what the seal did as a kid to
help turn the situation around. Present it
as a skit with a group.
ACT
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Editor's Notes
Good day, class! I hope all of you are fine in this wonderful day.
In today’s lesson, we will be taking an afternoon cruise on contaminated waters in the poem “An Afternoon Cruise”.
But before we begin, we must first familiarize ourselves with our learning outcomes.
This means that, at the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
Determine the characters, setting, and plot of a story
Recognize subject-verb agreement for indefinite pronouns, money, numbers, and mass nouns
Evaluate the characters of a story
Write a cause and effect essay
Develop willingness to help others
Okay! Is everyone ready? Let’s…
… START!
In your worktexts, you’ll find a pre-reading activity. Match the word on the left with its definition on the right.
(Have the students do the activity.)
Is everyone done? Good job! Now, after the pre-reading activity, it’s time to…
… READ!
Are you aware that many animals are endangered today? Do you know how we human beings are causing extinction of these animals?
(Let children give their ideas.)
Let us find out more on this subject as we read our story.
If marine animals could speak, what do you think they would say? Why would they say these things?
Read “The White Seal” and find out what the seals are concerned about. Did you guess correctly?
(Afterwards…)
Very good, class! Now, let’s see if you understand the story well. For our exercise, you will arrange the events of the story in order. Write A to J on the blanks provided.
(Have the students answer the REVIEW questions.)
Now, in your worktexts, you’ll find a QR code. Scan it and watch the video. Afterward, answer the following questions.
(Have the students answer the questions.)
Very good, everyone! Let’s move on…
How did you like the story? What made it interesting for you?
(Let the children answer.)
Do you know the basic elements of a story?
Let’s EXPLORE further.
The elements that make a story coherent and interesting comprise what you call the story grammar. The most basic elements involved are character, setting, and plot.
Characters are the people involved in the story. A character can be either one of two things: a main character or a minor character.
A main character is someone who has a big role in the story. This character’s actions have significant impact on the story as a whole. Under the main characters, we have the protagonist and antagonist.
The protagonist is the primary figure in the story. This character is often the narrator of the story.
The antagonist is the character that opposes the protagonist. Antagonists are usually the characters with horrible intentions.
A minor character is someone who is not the focus of the story. Most of the time, minor characters just help the main characters out. Their actions are not that significant to the whole story.
Setting is where the story takes place. It also has something to do with when the story takes place. The setting usually contributes to the mood or “feel” of the story.
Plot refers to the sequence of events in a story. It is comprised of a beginning, middle, and end. Under plot, we have conflict, climax, and resolution.
Conflict is where the main problem of the protagonist is revealed. It is the turning point of the story.
During the climax, we usually see a dramatic change in the characters or characters’ actions.
Resolution is where the protagonist’s problem is resolved.
Now let’s identify the elements of the story that we just read by filling up the story grammar organizer found in your worktexts.
(Have the students do the activity.)
Very good, everyone!
Do you remember your lessons in the past about singular and plural nouns? If you will recall, the verb will also be singular or plural depending on the noun it refers to. This is called subject-verb agreement.
However, there are certain nouns and pronouns that cannot be easily identified as singular or plural. Let us take a closer look at these in our next lesson.
As you can see from the chart, there are indefinite pronouns that are either always singular or always plural.
(Have the children read the sample sentences.)
Indefinite pronouns are tricky to use because some of them use either singular or plural verbs. To identify the antecedent of the indefinite pronoun, look at the noun after the preposition of that comes after the indefinite pronoun. The verb then agrees with the noun after the indefinite pronoun.
(Have the children read the sample sentence.)
If there is no noun or noun phrase after the indefinite pronoun, it agrees with a singular verb.
(Have the children read the sample sentences.)
Take note of these rules for subject-verb agreement when using numbers, time, fractions, and money.
Money, quantities, and periods of time take singular verbs.
(Have the children read the sample sentences.)
Fractions and percentages, when used alone as the subject, take singular verbs.
(Have the children read the sample sentence.)
When fractions are followed by a noun phrase, the verb agrees with the number of the noun.
(Have the children read the sample sentences.)
Mass nouns, some collective nouns, and subjects of knowledge take singular nouns.
(Have the children read the sample sentences.)
Now, it’s your turn!
Take a look at the underlined verb phrase in each sentence. On the blank before each number, write whether the verb is the simple tense, perfect tense, or progressive Underline the indefinite pronoun in the sentences. Then write the correct verb form in the parenthesis to make it agree with the pronoun..
(Have the students do the activity.)
Do you now have a better understanding of subject-verb agreement? Great!
The story we just read is actually written as a play because it is composed of dialogues in telling the story. Can you see how the characters in the play are portrayed just by reading the dialogues?
(Let the children answer and interact with the question.)
A well-written dialogue is an effective mode for characterization. Different characters have particular nuances in their speech.
A character who is loud and bossy more likely uses commands in speech.
A character who is timid and quiet more likely uses hedges or speech fillers when talking.
It is important to pay attention to what the characters say and how they say it in order to distinguish between different characters.
Now let’s do an activity. Form groups of four. Each member will take turns choosing lines from the play, The White Seal. The line should be read in front of the group with the appropriate vocal expressions to convey the character that is being read. The other members will then identify the character who said it.
(Have the students do the activity.)
Great work, class! Everyone did well.
Class, for our writing activity, we will write a cause and effect essay. Can anyone tell me what it is just by the name, cause and effect?
(Let the children answer and interact.)
That’s right! A cause and effect essay focuses on what causes certain events and the results of these events. It helps us connect seemingly unrelated events across history and enables us to look at them in a more critical manner.
With a partner, write a cause and effect essay about animal extinction. Choose an endangered species to research on. Identify five to ten facts about the species such as physical characteristics, habitat, food, and the threats to its survival. Describe what is causing their extinction and in what ways it is affecting our environment today.
(Have the students do the activity.)
Great work, everyone!
What important values did you learn from the story, The White Seal?
(Let the children answer.)
Yes, we can see that the story teaches many values. Another is the willingness to help others. This is an important value to develop in your youth. Every person has a role to fulfill in this world, so we need each other to survive and make this world a better place to live in. You do not have to be wealthy or powerful, there is always a way to help someone.
Let us now do an activity in relation to this. The story you just read revolves around a seal who wants to help other seals by looking for a place to move where no man has gone before, but it did not end well. Write the ending of the story showing what the seal did as a kid to help turn the situation around. Present it as a skit with a group.
(Have the students do the activity.)
Wow! Everyone did great!
We have finally reached the end of our lesson. Thank you all so much for participating in our class.
I wish to see you all in our next lesson with the same enthusiasm as you have shown me today.
Until next time. Goodbye!
