1. Business Ethics
Ethical Principles and
Moral/Ethical Problems that arise
in a business environment.
Author: John C Lewis
Ethical
Egoism
Ethical
Utilitarianism
Ethical
Justice
Ethical
Relativism

2. Egoism
There are at least three different
ways in which the theory of egoism
can be presented. Psychological,
Ethical, and Minimalist are the
three main theories in which my
research has given me. Even thou
the three are all different ways of
egoism my main focus of this
presentation is ethics.
Teleological theory of ethics

3. Ethical Egoism
Ethical egoism is the normative
ethical position that moral agents
ought to do what is in their own self-
interest. Prof. Charles D Kay states
“that an alternative formulation of
ethical egoism states that I ought to
act in my own self-interest- even if
this conflicts with the values and
interest of others- simply because
that is what I value most.” It is not
clear if it is merely a theory about
how best to achieve the greatest
good for the greatest number.
This is the claim that individuals
should always to act in their own
best interest.
Resource: http://sites.Wofford.edu/kaycd/egoism

4. Ethical
Utilitarianism
The theory aims at the actions that should be the largest
possible balance of pleasure over pain or the greatest
happiness of the greatest number. In order to use this
theory a company should know its demographics of the
consumer that they are trying to reach. This theory
relatives in my opinion to wants and demands, because
the want of a specific product, specification, or etc. may
not result in the demand increasing. My example of such
allegation is when Apple released the iPhone 6’s, with
one model trying to compete with designs of Samsung's
products, the want for the devices were great, but after
purchasing the larger model consumer were wanting to
exchange the larger device for the smaller device. The
want for a bigger iPhone was great, but after receiving
the device the users wanted to exchange because they
were use to a smaller device. The biggest demand for
iPhone in my option is wanting to have a little more
freedom with the device such as the specification of
jailbreaking the device. The little bit more of freedom
would be a great utilitarianism concept, because Apple
would still be competing with Samsung and reach a
bigger demographic.
Belief that a morally good action is
one that helps the greatest
number of people.

5. Ethical
Relativism
The theory determines when you make a
ethical choice only on the basis of what
seems right or reasonable based only off
of one’s own belief or value system. This
theory may raise a lot of controversy
because no one person thinks the same.
Logical thinking may be a key factor in
ethical relativism, because what may
seem right to you may not be a logical. In
the U.S.A. are society allows us to be our
own person. We have amendments that
allow a person to act and think freely, so
with some much in place one person’s
personal opinion must be logical in the
sense of making a major business
decision.
No rational way of determining
actions are morally right or wrong

6. Justice
A ethical action is one that treats all
fairly and consistently in accord with
ethical or legal standards. To
determine the fairness of an action,
one often appeals to distributive,
procedural, and/or interactional rules.
The study of organizational justice has
become a major field within
organizational behavior. There has not
been a complete integration between
justice perceptions and ethical
theories.
Justice-based theories of ethics
concern the perceived fairness of
actions.
Resource: www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/EM-Exp/Ethics

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