Fundamental of nursing power point

1. SEXUALITY AND
REPRODUCCTION
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2. Normal Human Sexuality
• Sexuality includes the function of the sexual
organs plus a person’s perceptions of his or her
own functioning and sexual expression and
preference.
• Sex is a term most commonly used to denote
biological male or female stratus, but it is also
used to describe specific sexual behavior such
as sexual intercourse.
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3. Characteristics of sexual health
• Sexual health includes biologic, psychological,
socio-cultural and spiritual components.
• Characteristics of sexually healthy people are:
–Expression of a positive body image
–Congruence between biologic sex, gender
identity and gender role behavior
–Behavior consistent with self-concept
–Awareness of won sexual feelings and
attributes
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4. Cont…
–Capacity for physical and psychological
responsiveness
–Comfort with a range of sexual behavior and
life style
–Acceptance of responsibility for pleasure,
reproduction and physical safety
–Ability to create and maintain effective
interpersonal relationship with both sexes
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5. Sexual Expression
• The methods by which people gain satisfaction
through sexual stimulation are varied.
• Touch, smell, sight, sounds, feelings, thoughts,
and fantasy/desire/ can all contribute to sexual
fulfillment
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6. Cont…
• Sexual stimulation may be physical or
psychological.
• Erotic stimulation through the use of films,
magazines, and photographs is also common.
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7. Masturbation
• Masturbation is a technique of sexual expression
in which an individual practices self-stimulation.
• Many myths and misinformation surround the
issue of masturbation.
• Masturbation is a means of learning what is
preferred by a person during stimulation and
what feels good.
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8. Cont…
• People masturbate regardless of sex or marital
status.
• People may not masturbate because of sense of
guilt or wrongness associated with self
stimulation
• Masturbation is not “dirty” and will not lead to
blindness nor will cause insanity/psychosis/.
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9. Sexual Intercourse
• Heterosexual genital intercourse is the most
common image that comes to mind when sexuality
is mentioned.
• The act of intercourse usually begins by stimulation
of the senses in some way, followed by a period of
activity known as foreplay.
• Petting is part of foreplay and can be simple
stroking of the breasts, arms, back and rack without
genital involvement or may lead to mutual
masturbation and orgasms.
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10. Alternativeformsofsexualexpression(sexual
disorders)
• Voyeurism is the achievement of sexual arousal by
looking at the body of another.
• Sadism refers to the practice of gaining sexual
pleasure while inflicting abuse on another person.
• Masochism refers to gaining sexual pleasure
from the humiliation of being abused.
– When practiced together the act is called
sadomasochism.
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11. Cont’d…
• Pedophilia is the practice of adults gaining sexual
fulfillment by sexual acts with children.
• Sexual Harassment: defined as any unwelcomed
verbal or physical advance or sexually explicit
statement
It is important for nurse to recognize that
harassment can often be effectively stopped
when confronted early.
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12. Factor affecting sexuality
• Culture
• Religion
• Ethics
• Life style
• Health status
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13. Potential cause for altered
sexuality
• Pregnancy, infertility, and abortion: Pregnancy
clearly alters sexual functioning.
• Infertility is often a stressor on couple’s sexual
relationship.
• Environment: hospitalization, or crowded
environment.
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14. Cont…
• Illness: cardiac problem, STI, Spinal injury, etc.
• Medications: Antihypertensive, psychotic
tranquilizers, antidepressants and alcohol
• Surgery: cesarean birth, hysterectomy,
mastectomy.
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15. Manifestations of altered sexuality
• Sexual abuse
• Inhibited sexual desire: when the person’s
partner is not satisfied with the frequency of
sexual relationships.
• Impotence
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16. Cont…
• Dyspareunia: is painful intercourse caused by
organic problems, including lack of adequate
lubrication at the opening to vagina or within
the vaginal walls; drugs like antihistamines,
tranquilizers/sedative/ or estrogen deficiency.
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17. Cont’d…
Vaginismus: is resulted from the involuntary
contraction of the muscles surrounding the
vaginal orifice such that penetration may be
impossible and very painful.
• It is the result of psychological problems, fear
of penetration due to a negative association
with it, such as rape and sexual abuse or fear of
men or of sexual intercourse.
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18. Application of the Nursing Process
Assessment: Subjective assessment
• Functional pattern identification:
–Assess the general sexual relationship
• Risk factor identification:
–Pregnancy,
–Infertility
–Abortion
–Environment,
–Illness
–Surgery etc.
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19. Objective assessment
• Physical examination of genitalia
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20. Nursing diagnosis
• Sexual dysfunction
• Altered sexuality patterns
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21. Nursing Management
• Sexual counseling
• Use of medications
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