Critiques presentation

1. ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES
SCHOOL OF NURSING & MIDWIFERY

2. RESEARCH CRITIQUE
Nurses’ Knowledge and Practice Regarding Prevention of Surgical
Site Infection in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia.

3. BY:- JUHAR SEID(GSR/0453/15)
NEONATAL NURSING DEPARTMENT
SUBMITED TO:- DR. FIKADU AGA
MARCH 24,2023
ETHIOPIA
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By Juhar.s(BSc)

4. Elements influencing the
believability of the research

5. Writing style
• The research reports were well-written, grammatically correct, concise, and well-organized.
• There wasn’t jargon utilized.
• The style was also attractive to the reader to read on
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6. Author
• All author’s qualifications are not briefly described
• Three authors were participated in the study
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7. Title
• The title first states the population and then mentions the key variables
• By reading the title, one can appreciate what the research report deals with
• The title has 15 words so it maks concise and clear
• It also describes the focus of the research itself.
• Population/sample and study Setting are also clearly defined.
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8. Abstract
• The abstract of this article contains a subdivision of background, methods, results, conclusions, and keywords
• The problem, purpose of the study, and research question are also clearly included.
• The authors do not, however, present the hypothesis in the abstract.
• Contains a summary of the study design, and methodology and also identifies the research tools that have been
used.
• The result briefly showed the extent of nurses’ knowledge and practice regarding the prevention of surgical site
infection.
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9. Abstract cont….
• The conclusions are itemized along with possible solutions.
• The abstract is fascinating and makes the reader want to continue reading the article
• It also undoubtedly summarize the overall picture of the research report
• Therefore the abstract is clear and comprehensive and it is adequate.
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10. Elements that influence the robustness of the
research
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11. Purpose/ Research Problem
• The Problem statement is introduced clearly about the magnitude, frequency, distribution, probable causes of
the problem, and possible solutions to the problem from general to specific.
• The Problem is significant in nursing practice.
• This study intends to investigate nurses’ knowledge and practice toward the prevention of surgical site infection
(Kolade et al., 2017).
• The purpose of conducting this research is plainly described as “we decided to establish the extent of
knowledge and actual practice of SSI prevention among nurses empirically in the Bahir Dar city administration
region”.
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12. Purpose/ Research Problem cont…
• The authors visibly elucidated the research variables as an outcome and an independent variable.
• The authors clearly illustrated that there is a gap in nurse knowledge and practice regarding
surgical site infection.
• Nurses play an important role in preventing and managing surgical suit infections.
• Therefore, if the problem is resolved or gets answered, it provides an insight into the clinical
applicability of nurse’s practice.
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13. Logical consistency
• A research study followed the steps in the process in a logical manner.
• There was also a clear link between the steps beginning with the purpose of the study and
following through the literature review, the research question, the methodology section, the data
analysis, and the findings
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14. Review of the Literature
• Even though the author reviews previously published research about nurses’ knowledge and
practice, it is not general to specific.
• The number of articles included in the literature review is too small in number.
• Therefore, the literature review is enough to say logical and relevant to the problem, but it is not
comprehensive.
• The authors presented that studies in other countries indicated that most nurses lacked the required
knowledge and practice about prevention (Sadia, Kousar, Azhar, Waqas, & Gilani, 2017).
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15. Review of the Literature cont…
• The authors also identified different factors associated with the knowledge and practice of nurses in
this regard.
• The Literature review consists of recently published research articles such as 2017,2016 and 2015.
they are recent since this article was published in 2018.
• Overall, the literature review is directly related to the purpose of the study.
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16. Theoretical /Conceptual Framework
• The theoretical and/or conceptual framework is not clearly described in this article.
• Even though including a conceptual framework is very important, the authors don’t present
relationships among concepts and relate them to study variables.
• Therefore, the absence of a conceptual framework in this study doesn’t distract from the
significance of the research.
• There is no clearly labeled Theoretical and/or conceptual framework, so difficult to talk about
whether the research problem flows naturally from the conceptual framework or not.
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17. Aim/Objective/ResearchQuestions/Hypothesis
• The research question is clearly described. However, no hypotheses are mentioned.
• This is justified because a hypothesis regarding the specific value of a nurse’s knowledge and practice
would be inappropriate (Polit & Beck, 2008).
• The research question direct flows from the problem statement.
• Research question contains two variables (the extent of nurses’ knowledge of surgical site infection
prevention and the extent of nurses’ practice on surgical site infection prevention).
• Research questions are clearly and objectively articulated in the introduction section.
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18. Sampling
• The target population is carefully described as All nurses who work in four hospitals (Felege Hiwot
Referral Hospital, Adisalem District Hospital, Gamby General Hospital, and Adinas General Hospital).
• In this study, the total sample size is proportionally allocated to each hospital according to their nursing
staff size.
• Systematic random sampling with the Sampling frame is used.
• The first sample is selected by lottery method. Thus, the sample selection procedure is clearly defined.
• Sampling method and the research design used in this study is appeared to be best fitted.
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19. Sampling cont…
• In this article, the authors don't mention any potential sample bias.
• The target population for this study is 358 nurses. the total sample size included in this study is 208
nurses. the sample size includes 58% of the target population. even though power analysis is not
computed, it is quite a sufficient sample size.
• The author doesn't describe any justification of whether the sample size is adequate or not.
• The result of this study is generalized or represents all nurses who work in Bahir Dar administrative
city hospitals
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20. Ethical consideration
• Bahir Dar University (BDU) institutional review board committee is responsible for the approval of
this study.
• On Author Disclosure Statement, it is pronounced that Participation was voluntary, and information
was collected anonymously after obtaining written consent from each respondent.
• This investigation is designed to minimize risk and maximize benefits to participants.
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21. Operational definition
1. Good knowledge: Nurses, scored 14 and above from 25 knowledge-assessed questions.
2. Poor knowledge: Nurses, scored less than 14 from 25 knowledge-assessed questions.
3. The practice of nurses is measured or operationalized by 5 statements using a 5-point Likert scale
(never practice = 1, rarely practice = 2, sometimes practice = 3, often practice = 4, always practice =
5).
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22. Methodology
(Study design)
• Institutional-based cross-sectional study design has been used.
• Since the purpose of this research is to establish the extent of knowledge and actual practice, the
whole methodology approach appears to be demarcated.
• Therefore, someone can use this information for replication studies to test the validity of this
finding or to rebut the finding of this study after the situation in this study area is evolved over time
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23. Methodology
(Data Collection)
• Structured and pre tested self-administered questionnaire is used to collect the data but The
rationale is no mentioned by authors.
• Using a structured self-administered questionnaire is important to assure respondents are more
likely to answer honestly, guarantee privacy, and reduce interviewer bias.
• The study sample for this study is selected nurses in four hospitals. So, it is suitable to use a
structured self-administered questionnaire .
• The questionnaire is tested on a 5% sample of nurses who were not included in the main study
(Gondar University Referral Hospital). However, the result of the test is not described as to weather
it is sufficient to use or not.
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24. Data Analysis/result
• Since the study design is quantitative cross-sectional, it is possible to use Descriptive statistics to
exemplify the means, standard deviations, medians, and frequencies of the study variables and a
logistic regression model to identify the significantly associated variables.
• Visibly, design, research questions, and methods of analysis are best fitted.
• In this article Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to determine the strength
association between dependent and independent variables.it is best fitted with a logistic regression
model.
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25. Data Analysis/result cont…
• Both dependent and independent variables are clearly and logically illustrated. variables that have a
significant association with dependent variables are also presented
• The link between the analysis and the finding is clear and logical.
• Statistical results are presented in the text as well as in tables with their respective frequency,
percentage, AOR, and confidence interval.
• In this article, the authors don't include any graphic presentation.
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26. Discussion
• Social desirability bias and recall bias are listed as limitations of the study.
• The results of the data analysis clearly explained about research questions
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27. Recommendation
• Updating the knowledge and the practice of nurses through continuing training on the prevention of
SSI
• Giving emphasis on the latest evidence-based practices of infection control in continuing
education/training programs
• Providing training programs for new nurses
• Finally, they recommended future studies through giving emphasizing the importance of regular
replication of this study using an observation checklist
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28. Reference
1. Bourque, L., & Fielder, E. P. (2003). How to conduct self-administered and mail surveys (Vol. 3): Sage.
2. Kolade, O. A., Abubakar, S., Adejumoke, S. R., Funmilayo, H. V., Tijani, A. J. (2017). Knowledge, attitude, and
practice of surgical site infection prevention among postoperative nurses in a tertiary health institution in north-central
Nigeria. international journal of nursing and midwifery 9(6), 65-69.
3. Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2008). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice:
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
4. Sadia, H., Kousar, R., Azhar, M., Waqas, A., & Gilani, S. (2017). Assessment of nurses’ knowledge and practices
regarding prevention of surgical site infection. %J Saudi J. Med. Pharm. Sci, 3(6), 585-595.
5. Woldegioris, T., Bantie, G., & Getachew, H. (2018). Nurses' knowledge and practice regarding prevention of surgical
site infection in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia. J Surgical infections, 20(1), 71-77.
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29. Acknowledgment
• I want to start by expressing my gratitude to Addis Ababa University College of Health Science
School of Nursing & Midwifery for giving us such a fantastic chance. I would also like to thank
our professors, Drs. Fikadu Aga, Habtamu Abera, and Erdaw Tachbale, for their excellent research
methodology lesson. Finally, I want to thank my advisor, Dr. Fikadu Aga, for his guidance in
choosing a topic.
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30. THANK YOU
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31. 7/15/2023
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